Category: Torts – Other

Aberconway v Whetnall: 1918

Lord Aberconway and others sought to recover for themselves and all other subscribers to a fund for the benefit of the defendant the amounts they had collectively subscribed on the grounds that they were induced to do so by misrepresentation.
Held: Insofar as the claim was made in a representative capacity it was misconceived because it could not be said that: ‘the donors to the fund have a common interest and a common grievance when the very existence of the grievance depends on facts which may differ in each individual case.’

Eve J
(1918) 87 LJ Ch 524
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – Duke of Bedford v Ellis HL 10-Dec-1900
Ellis and five others sued on behalf of themselves and all other growers of fruit, flowers, vegetables, roots or herbs to enforce rights conferred on them by the Covent Garden Act 1828 against the Duke of Bedford as the owner of the market. The Duke . .

Cited by:
Cited – Emerald Supplies Ltd and Another v British Airways Plc ChD 8-Apr-2009
The claim was for damages after alleged price fixing by the defendants. The claimants sought to recover for themselves and as representatives of others who had similarly suffered. The defendants sought that the representative element of the claim be . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice, Torts – Other

Updated: 15 December 2021; Ref: scu.392980

National Westminster Bank Plc v Rabobank Nederland: ComC 7 Aug 2006

Claim for duty of bank to reveal extent of its own involvement where it was supporting investments as between its customers.

Colman J
[2006] EWHC 2108 (Comm)
Bailii
England and Wales
Citing:
See Also – National Westminster Bank Plc v Rabobank Nederland ComC 3-Feb-2006
. .

Cited by:
See Also – National Westminster Bank Plc v Rabobank Nederland ComC 15-Sep-2006
Application for discovery of documents. . .
See Also – National Westminster Bank Plc v Rabobank Nederland CA 24-Oct-2006
. .
See Also – National Westminster Bank Plc v Rabobank Nederland ComC 14-Nov-2006
On a request for a strike out the test in every case must be what is just and proportionate; and at para 62, as a postscript, that ‘nothing in this judgment affects the correct approach in a case where an application is made to strike out a . .
See Also – National Westminster Bank Plc v Rabobank Nederland ComC 11-May-2007
. .
See Also – National Westminster Bank Plc v Rabobank Nederland ComC 19-Jul-2007
. .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Banking, Torts – Other

Updated: 13 December 2021; Ref: scu.244512

Apvodedo Nv v Collins: ChD 17 Apr 2008

Henderson J set out the test of whether a case was suitable for summary judgment: ‘It is well established that in order to defeat an application for summary judgment it is enough for the defendant to show a prospect of success which is real in the sense of not being false, fanciful or imaginary. However, the burden on the defendant is at most an evidential one. The overall burden of proof rests on the claimant to establish, if it can, the negative proposition that the defendant has no real prospect of success . . and that there is no other reason for a trial. Regard must also be had to the overriding objective of dealing with the case justly. The court should not hesitate to give summary judgment in a plain case, and if the case turns on a pure point of law, it may determine that point. However, the court has often been enjoined not to conduct a mini-trial on the documents, without discovery and oral evidence . .’

Henderson J
[2008] EWHC 775 (Ch)
Bailii
England and Wales
Cited by:
Cited – Antonio Gramsci Shipping Corporation and Others v Recoletos Ltd and Others ComC 24-May-2010
The claimants sought summary judgment in their claims alleging fraud by the several defendants.
Held: Gross J granted leave to the Corporate Defendants to defend only upon terms of (in effect) a payment into court of $40 million. . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Litigation Practice

Updated: 11 December 2021; Ref: scu.266964

Murphy v Culhane: CA 10 Jun 1976

The widow of the deceased claimed damages from one of the attackers who had been convicted of her husband’s manslaughter. The question was whether, given the conviction, she was entitled to entry of judgment as to liability without trial. The defendant argued that the deceased had provoked that assault, and that the maxims ex turpi causa non oritur actio, volenti non fit injuria, both applied.
Held: The case had to go forward to trial for a full exploration of the facts and assessment of any mitigation.

Lord Denning MR, Orr, Waller LJJ
[1976] EWCA Civ 3, [1977] QB 94
Bailii
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – Gray v Barr CA 1971
A husband had accidentally shot and killed his wife’s lover after threatening him with a shotgun.
Held: The court confirmed the decision at first instance. He was not liable to be indemnified by his insurers for the losses claimed against him . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Personal Injury

Updated: 11 December 2021; Ref: scu.262710

Raissi and Another v The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis: QBD 30 Nov 2007

The claimants had been arrested under the 2000 Act, held for differing lengths of time and released without charge. They sought damages for false imprisonment.
Held: The officers had acted on their understanding that senior offcers had more information than they had themselves. As to one defendant there were better grounds for suspicion, and her claim must fail. As to the other, the only grounds for suspicion were a family connection and that was insufficient.

The Honourable Mr Justice Mccombe
[2007] EWHC 2842 (QB)
Bailii
Terrorism Act 2000 41(1)
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – Liversidge v Sir John Anderson HL 3-Nov-1941
The plaintiff sought damages for false imprisonment. The Secretary of State had refused to disclose certain documents. The question was as to the need for the defendant to justify the use of his powers by disclosing the documents.
Held: The . .
Cited – Dumbell v Roberts CA 1944
The court discussed the nature of reasonable grounds for suspicion for an arrest. The threshold for the existence of reasonable grounds for suspicion is low, and the requirement is limited. Scott LJ said: ‘The protection of the public is safeguarded . .
Cited – Castorina v Chief Constable of Surrey CA 10-Jun-1988
Whether an officer had reasonable cause to arrest somebody without a warrant depended upon an objective assessment of the information available to him, and not upon his subjective beliefs. The court had three questions to ask (per Woolf LJ): ‘(a) . .
Cited – Christie v Leachinsky HL 25-Mar-1947
Arrested Person must be told basis of the Arrest
Police officers appealed against a finding of false imprisonment. The plaintiff had been arrested under the 1921 Act, but this provided no power of arrest (which the appellant knew). The officers might lawfully have arrested the plaintiff for the . .

Cited by:
Appeal from – Raissi, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department CA 14-Feb-2008
The claimant appealed against refusal of his request for judicial review of the defendant’s decision not to award him damages after his wrongful arrest and detention after he was wrongly suspected of involvement in terrorism. He had been discharged . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Police, Torts – Other

Updated: 10 December 2021; Ref: scu.261920

RWE Npower Plc and others v Carrol (acting for and on behalf of the unincorporated association identified as “The Sandles House Group” etc): QBD 27 Apr 2007

The claimant sought relief against protesters challenging its proposal for disposal of ash from its coal fired power station in gravel pits local to the defendants.

Teare J
[2007] EWHC 947 (QB)
Bailii
Civil Procedure Rules 19.6
England and Wales
Cited by:
Cited – Boyle, Regina (On the Application of) v Haverhill Pub Watch and Others Admn 8-Oct-2009
The claimant had been banned from public houses under the Haverhill Pub Watch scheme. He now sought judicial review of a decision to extend his ban for a further two years. The Scheme argued that it was not a body amenable to judicial review, and . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other

Updated: 10 December 2021; Ref: scu.251793

Lawrence and Another v Fen Tigers Ltd and Others: QBD 4 Mar 2011

The claimants had complained that motor-cycle and other racing activities on neighbouring lands were a noise nuisance, but the court also considered that agents of the defendants had sought to intimidate the claimants into not pursuing their action. The defendants argued that the properties were in any event noisy because of proximity to RAF Mildenhall.
Held: A nuisance had been committed. The landlords of the properties were dismissed form the main action. The claimants had shown nothing to suggest that they had done anything to adopt any noise nuisance by their tenants. Several activities had been operated over the years with and without planning permissions, but the permissions could not be said to have altered the character of the area.
The law does not recognise an easement of noise, or an easement only exercisable between certain times of the day or on a limited number of occasions in the year. The prescription defence failed.
An injunction should be granted (in terms yet to be agreed), specific enough to avoid future difficulties, and damages awarded.
Though there had been intimidation, there was no evidence at all to connect any of the defendants with any act of intimidation. The claimants had failed to establish any entitlement to aggravated damages.

Richard Seymour QC J
[2011] EWHC 360 (QB), [2011] 4 All ER 1314
Bailii
Prescription Act 1832
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – Rich v Basterfield 5-Feb-1846
A landlord can be liable in nuisance for the acts of his tenant where the very nature of the letting would lead to that nuisance: ‘If a landlord lets premises, not in themselves a nuisance, but which may or may not be used by the tenant so as to . .
Cited – Lippiatt and Febry v South Gloucestershire County Council CA 31-Mar-1999
The defendant had failed to remove travellers who had encamped on its land and caused nuisances against neighbouring farmers.
Held: The court refused to strike out a claim in nuisance by neighbouring land owners. It was arguable that a land . .
Cited – Sturges v Bridgman CA 1879
The character of the neighbourhood in which the plaintiff lives should, for the law of nuisance, include established features: ‘whether anything is a nuisance or not is a question to be determined, not merely by an abstract consideration of the . .
Cited – Southwark London Borough Council v Mills/Tanner; Baxter v Camden London Borough Council HL 21-Oct-1999
Tenants of council flats with ineffective sound insulation argued that the landlord council was in breach of the covenant for quiet enjoyment in their tenancy agreements.
Held: A landlord’s duty to allow quiet enjoyment does not extend to a . .
Cited – Dalton v Henry Angus and Co HL 14-Jun-1881
The court explained the doctrine of lost modern grant. Where there has been more than 20 years’ uninterrupted enjoyment of an easement, and that enjoyment has the necessary qualities to fulfil the requirements of prescription, then unless, for some . .
Cited – Tehidy Minerals Ltd v Norman CA 1971
The fact that land had been requisitioned by the Ministry of Agriculture between 1941 and 1960 and the 20-odd years’ user relied on as having created the rights had preceded 1941 was a bar to a prescriptive claim to grazing rights under the . .
Cited – Wheeler and Another v JJ Saunders Ltd and Others CA 19-Dec-1994
The existence of a planning permission did not excuse the causing of a nuisance by the erection of a pighouse. The permission was not a statutory authority, and particularly so where it was possible it had been procured by the supply of inaccurate . .
Cited – Gillingham Borough Council v Medway (Chatham) Dock Co Ltd CA 1992
Neighbours complained at the development of a new commercial port on the site of a disused naval dockyard. Heavy vehicle traffic at night had a seriously deleterious effect on the comfort of local residents.
Held: Although a planning consent . .
Cited – Allen v Gulf Oil Refining Ltd CA 1980
The exercise of the permission to develop granted by the local planning authority may have the result that the character of the neighbourhood changes and that which would previously have been a nuisance must be held no longer to be so
Cited – Elliotson v Feetham And Another 10-Jun-1835
The plaintiff complained of nuisance from smoke and noise generated by the defendant in adjacent workshops used for the making of iron. The defendant pleaded that he had been in occupation of his workshops for ten years before the plaintiff acquired . .
Cited – Hunter and Others v Canary Wharf Ltd HL 25-Apr-1997
The claimant, in a representative action complained that the works involved in the erection of the Canary Wharf tower constituted a nuisance in that the works created substantial clouds of dust and the building blocked her TV signals, so as to limit . .
Cited – Mills and Another v Silver and others CA 6-Jul-1990
A farm’s only vehicular access was over land which was only useable occasionally when dry. The defendants laid a stone track to facilitate constant access. At first instance it was held that the earlier use had been too intermittent to allow a . .
Cited – Crump v Lambert CA 1867
Lord Romilly MR considered the acquisition of a right to commit a nuisance by prescription.
Held: An injunction was granted to restrain the issue of smoke and noise. He said: ‘It is true that, by lapse of time, if the owner of the adjoining . .
Cited – Carr v Foster 1842
The plaintiff claimed a profit a prendre saying had been acquired under s.1 of the 1832 Act, by use for 30 years, the applicable period in relation to a profit a prendre. The evidence was that the right in question, to pasture cattle on a common, . .
Cited – Perlman v Rayden, Rayden ChD 7-Oct-2004
The parties had become embroiled in a particularly bitter boundary dispute. The claimants in particular sought aggravated damages saying that the defendants had misled them in securing agreement to works.
Held: Aggravated damages were awarded. . .
Cited – Rookes v Barnard (No 1) HL 21-Jan-1964
The court set down the conditions for the award of exemplary damages. There are two categories. The first is where there has been oppressive or arbitrary conduct by a defendant. Cases in the second category are those in which the defendant’s conduct . .
Cited – Cassell and Co Ltd v Broome and Another HL 23-Feb-1972
Exemplary Damages Award in Defamation
The plaintiff had been awarded damages for defamation. The defendants pleaded justification. Before the trial the plaintiff gave notice that he wanted additional, exemplary, damages. The trial judge said that such a claim had to have been pleaded. . .
Applied – Dobson and others v Thames Water Utilities Ltd and Another CA 29-Jan-2009
The claimants complained of odours and mosquitoes affecting their properties from the activities of the defendants in the conduct of their adjoining Sewage Treatment plant. The issue was as to the rights of non title holders to damages in nuisance . .
See Also – Lawrence and Another v Fen Tigers Ltd and Others QBD 18-Oct-2010
Application to strike out passages from witness statements. . .
See Also – Lawrence and Another v Fen Tigers Ltd and Others QBD 18-Oct-2010
The court made orders to assist the future management of the case. . .

Cited by:
Cited – Merthyr Tydfil Car Auction Ltd v Thomas and Another CA 11-Jul-2013
The company appealed against an award of 9,000 pounds for nuisance in the form of excessive noise and fumes.
Held: The appeal failed: ‘the grant of planning permission cannot authorise the commission of a nuisance but it may, following its . .
Appeal from – Coventry (T/A RDC Promotions and Another v Lawrence and Others CA 27-Feb-2012
The appellants, owners of a motor sport racing circuit, appealed against a finding that their activities constituted a nuisance, given that they had planning permissions for the use.
Held: The appeal succeeded. The judge had erred in holding . .
At first instance – Coventry and Others v Lawrence and Another SC 26-Feb-2014
C operated a motor racing circuit as tenant. The neighbour L objected that the noise emitted by the operations were a nuisance. C replied that the fact of his having planning consent meant that it was not a nuisance.
Held: The neighbour’s . .
Appeal from – Lawrence and Another v Fen Tigers Ltd and Others CA 2012
Jackson LJ set out the way in which planning consents would affect whether actions amounted to a nuisance: ‘I would summarise the law which is relevant to the first ground of appeal in four propositions. (i) A planning authority by the grant of . .
See Also – Coventry and Others v Lawrence and Another SC 22-Jul-2015
The appellants challenged the compatibility with the European Convention on Human Rights of the system for recovery of costs in civil litigation in England and Wales following the passing of the Access to Justice Act 1999. The parties had been . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Land, Nuisance, Torts – Other

Updated: 10 December 2021; Ref: scu.430320

Trendtex Trading Corporation v Credit Suisse: CA 1980

A stay was sought against a bank which had financed a contract and was supporting litigation arising out of it.
Held: Although the liability in crime and tort had been abolished, Section 14(2) of the 1967 Act preserved the law as to the cases in which a contract is to be treated as contrary to public policy or otherwise illegal. It is perfectly legitimate today for one person to support another in bringing or resisting an action – as by paying the costs of it – provided that he has a legitimate and genuine interest in the result of it and the circumstances are such as reasonably to warrant his giving support.
Oliver LJ discussed the history of the law of champerty in some detail, saying: ‘Maintenance and champerty . . have, since 1967, ceased to [attract criminal pemalties] . . Only in the field of contractual rights and duties do they still cast their shadow . . and even in this field the trend of all the recent authorities has been to foreshorten the shadow. . There is, I think a clear requirement of public policy that officers of the court should be inhibited from putting themselves in a position where their own interests may conflict with their duties to the court by agreement, for instance, of so called ‘contingency fees’.’

Denning, Oliver LJJ
[1980] QB 629, [1980] 3 All ER 721, [1980] 3 WLR 367
Criminal Law Act 1967 14(2)
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – Hill v Archbold CA 1968
Denning LJ said: ‘Much maintenance is considered justifiable today which would in 1914 have been considered obnoxious. Most of the actions in our courts are supported by some association or other, or by the State itself. Comparatively a few . .

Cited by:
Cited – Abraham and Another v Thompson and Another CA 24-Jul-1997
The plaintiffs appealed an order that they should disclose who if any had funded their case. The case concerned failed business ventures in Portugal. . .
Considered – Picton Jones and Co v Arcadia Developments 1989
The plaintiff chartered surveyors agreed to act in the purchase of amusement arcades, on the basis that their fees would be payable ‘in the event of ultimate success.’ The work involved applications for gaming licences and planning permissions. The . .
Appeal from – Trendtex Trading Corporation v Credit Suisse HL 1981
A party had purported to sue having taken an assignment of a dishonoured letter of credit, in the context of the abolition of maintenance and champerty as crimes and torts in the 1967 Act.
Held: The assignment was struck down as champertous, . .
Cited – Giles v Thompson, Devlin v Baslington (Conjoined Appeals) HL 1-Jun-1993
Car hire companies who pursued actions in motorists’ names to recover the costs of hiring a replacement vehicle after an accident, from negligent drivers, were not acting in a champertous and unlawful manner. Lord Mustill said: ‘there exists in . .
Cited – Sibthorpe and Morris v London Borough of Southwark CA 25-Jan-2011
The court was asked as to the extent to which the ancient rule against champerty prevents a solicitor agreeing to indemnify his claimant client against any liability for costs which she may incur against the defendant in the litigation in which the . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice, Torts – Other

Updated: 10 December 2021; Ref: scu.183809

Iran v Berend: QBD 1 Feb 2007

The Republic of Iran sought the return of a fragment of ancient Achaemenid relief in the possession of the defendant, saying that it was part of an ancient monument. The defendant said that she had bought it properly at an auction in Paris. The fragment was held by Christies. The claimant said that the French law of movable property applied.
Held: Eady J said: ‘English law has held for many years, in order partly to achieve consistency and certainty, that where movable property is concerned title should be determined by the lex situs of the property at the time when the disputed title is said to have been acquired’ and saw no place for the introduction of the doctrine of renvoi in the context of a tangible object, and title fell to be determined under French domestic law. Under such, the fact of the defendant’s good faith in her purchase was determinative, and the claim failed.

Eady J
[2007] EWHC 132 (QB), [2007] BusLR D65
Bailii
Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property adopted at the General Conference of UNESCO on 14 November 1970 3, UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects (Rome 24 June 1995) 5(I)
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – Macmillan Inc v Bishopsgate Investment Trust Plc and Others (No 3) ChD 1-Jul-1993
Bona fide chargees for value of shares situated in New York and held on trust for Macmillan were able, by application of New York law, to take the shares free of Macmillan’s prior equitable interest of which the chargees had had no notice. Where . .
Cited – Southwark London Borough Council v Mills/Tanner; Baxter v Camden London Borough Council HL 21-Oct-1999
Tenants of council flats with ineffective sound insulation argued that the landlord council was in breach of the covenant for quiet enjoyment in their tenancy agreements.
Held: A landlord’s duty to allow quiet enjoyment does not extend to a . .
Cited – Raffelsen Zentralbank Osterreich Ag v Five Star General Trading Llc and Others CA 1-Mar-2001
An assigned marine insurance policy was subject to a claim. The issue was the ability of an assignee to claim as a claim in contract where the proper law was that under which the contract was made, or a claim of an intangible right to claim against . .
Cited – Neilson v Overseas Projects Corporation of Victoria Ltd 29-Sep-2005
(High Court of Australia) Private international law – Foreign tort – Choice of law – Appellant was injured in the People’s Republic of China – Scope of the lex loci delicti – Where the lex loci delicti treats another connecting factor, such as . .
Cited – Winkworth v Christie, Manson and Woods Ltd ChD 1980
The right to sue in conversion at common law is available to a person who is entitled at the time of the conversion to the immediate possession of the goods.
Slade J discussed the applicability of the law of renvoi in an international dispute . .
Cited – In re Duke of Wellington ChD 1947
The court was asked to settle the fate of Spanish estates which had been granted to the first Duke together with a title of nobility. To do this it had to consider the effect of Spanish law: ‘It would be difficult to find a harder task than that . .

Cited by:
Cited – Iran v The Barakat Galleries Ltd QBD 29-Mar-2007
The claimant government sought the return to it of historical artefacts in the possession of the defendants. The defendant said the claimant could not establish title and that if it could the title under which the claim was made was punitive and not . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

International, Torts – Other

Updated: 10 December 2021; Ref: scu.248401

IGE USA Investments Ltd and Others v Revenue and Customs: CA 14 Apr 2021

Whether the six-year limitation period for claims founded on the tort of deceit, under section 2 of the Limitation Act 1980 (‘LA 1980’ or ‘the 1980 Act’), at least arguably applies ‘by analogy’, pursuant to section 36(1) of the 1980 Act, to a claim for equitable rescission of a contract for fraudulent misrepresentation.

Lord Justice Henderson,
Lady Justice Asplin,
And,
Lord Justice Birss
[2021] EWCA Civ 534, [2021] WLR(D) 199, [2021] 3 WLR 313, [2021] Ch 423
Bailii, WLRD
England and Wales

Limitation, Torts – Other

Updated: 10 December 2021; Ref: scu.670129

Jameson and Another v Central Electricity Generating Board and others: HL 16 Dec 1998

A joint tortfeasor’s concurrent liability was discharged entirely by a full and final settlement and compromise of the claim against the other tortfeasor if in respect of the same harm. A dependency claim made by the claimant’s executors could not proceed where the deceased had settled his own claim in damages.

Lord Browne-Wilkinson Lord Lloyd of Berwick Lord Hoffmann,
Lord Hope of Craighead Lord Clyde
Times 17-Dec-1998, Gazette 03-Feb-1999, [1998] UKHL 51, [2000] 1 AC 455, [1999] 2 WLR 141, [1999] 1 All ER 193
House of Lords, Bailii
Fatal Accidents Act 1976 1(1)
England and Wales
Cited by:
Cited – Heaton and others v AXA Equity and Law Life Assurance Society Plc and Another CA 19-May-2000
Where a claimant had settled one claim with one of two joint tortfeasors on an issue which also concerned the action against the second, it was a matter for interpretation of that settlement as to whether or not the claimant could continue the . .
Explained – Heaton and Others v AXA Equity and Law Life Assurance Society plc and Another HL 25-Apr-2002
The claimant had settled one claim in full and final satisfaction against one party, but then sought further damages from the defendant, for issues related to a second but linked contract. The defendant claimed the benefit of the settlement.
Cited – Cape and Dalgleish v Fitzgerald and others HL 25-Apr-2002
The employee was dismissed. After a compromise of the claims and counter claims, the employers sought damages from their accountants for failing to spot the losses. The accountants then sought to recover the damages awarded from the employee, not . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Litigation Practice

Updated: 05 December 2021; Ref: scu.158983

Caxton Publishing v Sutherland Publishing: HL 1939

The normal measure of damages in conversion is the market value of the goods converted at the date of conversion.
Mere possession is not a conversion. Some act interfering with the true ownrs right must be shown.

Lord Porter
[1939] AC 178, [1938] 4 All ER 389, 108 LJCh 5
England and Wales
Cited by:
Cited – HM Revenue and Customs, Regina (on the Application of) v Raymond Machell QC and others Admn 21-Nov-2005
The claimant had had goods taken and destroyed by Revenue and Customs, which had been found to be wrongfully condemned. They had been awarded the market value of the goods at UK prices, though they had been bought in France.
Held: The market . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Damages, Torts – Other

Updated: 05 December 2021; Ref: scu.235497

Hamilton and others v Allied Domecq Plc (Scotland): HL 11 Jul 2007

The pursuers had been shareholders in a company which sold spring water. The defenders took shares in the company in return for promises as to the promotion and distribution of the bottled water. The pursuers said that they had failed to promote it in the way promised. The company failed. At first instance the judge found for the pursuers, but the defenders succeeded on reclamation.
Held: The pursuers had not done enough to show the misrepresentation alleged, and the claim failed. A critical finding of fact had been made which was unsupported by the evidence.

Lord Hoffmann, Lord Scott of Foscote, Lord Rodger of Earlsferry, Lord Walker of Gestingthorpe, Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury
[2007] UKHL 33, 2007 SC (HL) 142
Bailii
Scotland
Citing:
Appeal From – John Stewart Hamilton and others v Allied Domecq Plc OHCS 1-Aug-2003
. .
Cited – Peek v Gurney HL 31-Jul-1873
A prospectus for an intended company was issued by promoters who were aware of the disastrous liabilities of the business of Overend and Gurney which the company was to purchase. The prospectus made no mention of a deed of arrangement under which . .
Cited – Banque Keyser Ullmann SA v Skandia (UK) Insurance Co Ltd CA 1990
A loan was to be made. An agent of the borrower came to know of the fraudulent nature of the loan, but said nothing.
Held: A failure to disclose a known fraud may itself amount to a misrepresentation, but nondisclosure (whether dishonest or . .
Cited – Payabi and Another v Armstel Shipping Corporation and Another QBD 1-Apr-1992
A party had been wrongly added in breach of limitation under Hague Convention. There should have been no relation back. Hobhouse J considered the effect of the 1980 Act: ‘But it is clear that Ord. 20, r. 5 must now be read with the [1980] Act and is . .
Cited – Adelson and Another v Associated Newspapers Ltd CA 9-Jul-2007
The claimant sought to add the name of a further claimant. The defendant objected, saying that it was after the expiry of the limitation period.
Held: The claimant was seeking to use the rules for substitution of parties to add a party. In . .
Cited – Watt (or Thomas) v Thomas HL 1947
When Scots Appellate Court may set decision aside
The House considered when it was appropriate for an appellate court in Scotland to set aside the judgment at first instance.
Lord Thankerton said: ‘(1) Where a question of fact has been tried by a judge without a jury, and there is no question . .

Cited by:
Cited – McGraddie v McGraddie and Another (Scotland) SC 31-Jul-2013
The parties were father and son, living at first in the US. On the son’s wife becoming seriously ill, the son returned to Scotland. The father advanced a substantal sum for the purchase of a property to live in, but the son put the properties in his . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Company, Torts – Other, Litigation Practice

Updated: 05 December 2021; Ref: scu.254549

Reeve v Palmer: 25 Jun 1858

It is no answer for an attorney, when sued in detinue for a deed which has been intrusted to him by a client, to say simply that he has lost it.
Cockburn CJ said: ‘The jury have found that he lost it: and I am of opinion that that must be taken to mean, in the absence of any explanation, that he lost it for want of that due and proper care, which it was his duty to apply to the keeping of it, unless it is qualified by circumstances shewing that the loss of the deed could not have been prevented by the application of ordinary care.’

Cockburn Cj
[1858] EngR 892, (1858) 5 CB NS 84, (1858) 144 ER 33
Commonlii
England and Wales
Citing:
See Also – Reeve v Palmer 1858
In detinue, when the defendant state that he has either lost the deeds or delivered them to the plaintiff, it will be for the jury whether he has in truth lost them ; subject to the question (b), whether, even supposing that he has lost them, he is . .

Cited by:
Cited – Volcafe Ltd and Others v Compania Sud Americana De Vapores Sa SC 5-Dec-2018
The claimant appellants, arranged shipment of bagged Colombian green coffee beans, stowed in 20 unventilated 20-foot containers from Panama to Rotterdam, Hamburg or Bremerhaven for on carriage to Bremen. The bill of lading for each consignment . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other

Updated: 05 December 2021; Ref: scu.289363

Houchin v Lincolnshire Probation Trust: CA 18 Jun 2014

The appellant a 76 years old life sentence prisoner claimed for misfeasance in public office; and it is brought against the respondent on the ground that it is vicariously liable for the actions of one of its employees, who had recommended his return to closed conditions. He now appealed against summary dismissal of his case

Patten, Lewison, Sharp LJJ
[2014] EWCA Civ 823
Bailii
England and Wales

Prisons, Torts – Other

Updated: 04 December 2021; Ref: scu.526725

Williams v Owen: QBD 1955

Mr Williams left his car overnight in the hotel garage. A fire broke out and destroyed his car.
Held: The strict liability of an innkeeper was limited to loss of his guest’s goods rather than to their destruction.
As to section 86 of the 1774 Act, he said: ‘I think that this liability of the innkeeper was a custom of the realm. It is true it is embodied in common law rules, but then common law is the legal expression of custom, and it seems to me that that also would be an answer in this particular case. I suppose that by 1774 the legislature had appreciated what Lord Goddard CJ laid down in Sochacki v Sas: ‘Everybody knows fires occur through accidents which happen without negligence on anybody’s part.’ Parliament in 1774 apparently thought it right that they should make it plain that whatever customs or usages there were to the contrary, in this country a man should not be held to be responsible for a fire which occurred accidentally – which I take to mean ‘without negligence on his part.’
Those are two points which I think would be enough to decide that there is in this case no absolute liability on the part of the innkeeper, first, because there was injury to the car and not theft or loss; and, secondly, because, in any event, as it was a fire the Act of 1774 would limit the liability of the innkeeper, so far as a fire is concerned.’

Finnemore J
[1955] 1 WLR 1293
Fires Prevention (Metropolis) Act 1774 86
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – Sochacki v Sas 1947
A claim was made after the escape of a fire in a domestic fireplace. The defendant had left the room for two or three hours with the fire burning, with no fire guard or fender,
Held: The use was not a non-natural use for a house, the room was . .

Cited by:
Cited – Stannard (T/A Wyvern Tyres) v Gore CA 4-Oct-2012
The defendant, now appellant, ran a business involving the storage of tyres. The claimant neighbour’s own business next door was severely damaged in a fire of the tyres escaping onto his property. The court had found him liable in strict liability . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Negligence, Torts – Other

Updated: 04 December 2021; Ref: scu.512184

Broxton v McClelland: CA 31 Jan 1995

The defendants issued various applications to strike out the claim, including a claim of abuse of process. The action was being financially maintained by a third party. The defendants contended that the maintainer’s purpose was to oppress and ultimately bankrupt the defendants, and for that reason the action should be struck out as an abuse of process.
Held: The proceedings should not be struck out since the plaintiffs were not seeking to achieve a collateral advantage beyond the scope of the action. The motive for bringing proceedings is irrelevant, and a plaintiff is entitled to seek the defendant’s financial ruin if that would be the consequence of properly prosecuting a legitimate claim.
Simon Brown LJ extracted the following principles from earlier authorities: ‘(1) Motive and intention as such are irrelevant . . : the fact that a party who asserts a legal right is activated by feelings of personal animosity, vindictiveness or general antagonism towards his opponent is nothing to the point. . (2) Accordingly the institution of proceedings with an ulterior motive is not of itself enough to constitute an abuse: an action is only that if the Court’s processes are being misused to achieve something not properly available to the plaintiff in the course of properly conducted proceedings. The cases appear to suggest two distinct categories of such misuse of process:
(i) The achievement of a collateral advantage beyond the proper scope of the action – a classic instance was Grainger -v- Hill where the proceedings of which complaint was made had been designed quite improperly to secure for the claimants a ship’s register to which they had no legitimate claim whatever. The difficulty in deciding where precisely falls the boundary of such impermissible collateral advantage is addressed in Bridge LJ’s judgment in Goldsmith -v- Sperrings Limited at page 503 D/H.
(ii) The conduct of the proceedings themselves not so as to vindicate a right but rather in a manner designed to cause the defendant problems of expense, harassment, commercial prejudice or the like beyond those ordinarily encountered in the course of properly conducted litigation.
(3) Only in the most clear and obvious case will it be appropriate upon preliminary application to strike out proceedings as an abuse of process so as to prevent a plaintiff from bringing an apparently proper cause of action to trial.’

Simon Brown LJ
Unreported, 31 January 1995, [1995] EMLR 485
England and Wales
Citing:
See Also – Broxton v McClelland 6-Nov-1992
. .
Cited – Grainger v Hill CEC 1838
Misuse of Power for ulterior object
D1 and D2 lent C 80 pounds repayable in 1837, secured by a mortgage on C’s vessel. C was to be free to continue to use the vessel in the interim but the law forbade its use if he were to cease to hold its register. In 1836 the Ds became concerned . .
Cited – Goldsmith v Sperrings Ltd CA 1977
Claims for Collateral Purpose treated as abuse
The plaintiff commenced proceedings for damages for libel and an injunction against the publishers, the editors and the main distributors of Private Eye. In addition, he issued writs against a large number of other wholesale and retail distributors . .
Cited – Speed Seal Ltd v Paddington CA 1985
The court was asked whether the defendant should be permitted to add to his pleadings a counterclaim asserting that the action was brought in bad faith for the ulterior motive of damaging the defendants’ business, and not for the protection of any . .

Cited by:
Cited – Land Securities Plc and Others v Fladgate Fielder (A Firm) CA 18-Dec-2009
The claimants wanted planning permission to redevelop land. The defendant firm of solicitors, their tenants, had challenged the planning permission. The claimants alleged that that opposition was a tortious abuse because its true purpose was to . .
Cited – Dhir v Saddler QBD 6-Dec-2017
Slander damages reduced for conduct
Claim in slander. The defendant was said, at a church meeting to have accused the client of threatening to slit her throat. The defendant argued that the audience of 80 was not large enough.
Held: ‘the authorities demonstrate that it is the . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Litigation Practice

Updated: 04 December 2021; Ref: scu.384387

Barlow Clowes International Ltd and Another v Eurotrust International Ltd and others: PC 10 Oct 2005

(Court of Appeal of the Isle of Man) Defendants appealed a finding of dishonest assistance in the activities of Barlow Clowes.
Held: The judge had been able to reach the conclusions on the basis of the evidence. The appeal of the deemster succeeded, and the order was restored.
Lord Hoffmann said: ‘Although a dishonest state of mind is a subjective mental state, the standard by which the law determines whether it is dishonest is objective. If by ordinary standards a defendant’s mental state would be characterised as dishonest, it is irrelevant that the defendant judges by different standards. The Court of Appeal held this to be a correct state of the law and their Lordships agree.’

Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead, Lord Steyn, Lord Hoffmann, Lord Walker of Gestingthorpe, Lord Carswell
[2005] UKPC 37, [2006] 1 WLR 1476, [2006] 1 All ER 333, [2006] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 225, [2005] WTLR 1453
Bailii, PC
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – Royal Brunei Airlines SDN BHD v Tan PC 24-May-1995
(Brunei) The defendants were a one-man company, BLT, and the one man, Mr Tan. A dishonest third party to a breach of trust was liable to make good a resulting loss even though he had received no trust property. The test of knowledge was an objective . .
Cited – Twinsectra Ltd v Yardley and Others HL 21-Mar-2002
Solicitors acted in a loan, giving an undertaking as to its application. In breach of that undertaking they released it to the borrower. The appellants appealed a finding of liability as contributors to the breach.
Held: ‘Money in a . .
Cited – Manifest Shipping Co Ltd v Uni-Polaris Shipping Co Ltd and Others HL 23-Jan-2001
The claimant took out insurance on its fleet of ships (the Star Sea). It had been laid up in its off season. The ship’s safety certificates were renewed before it sailed. It was damaged by fire. The insurers asserted that the ship had been . .
Cited – Regina v Lucas (Ruth) CACD 1981
People sometimes tell lies for reasons other than a belief that they are necessary to conceal guilt.
Four conditions were identified which must be satisfied before a defendant’s lie could be seen as supporting the prosecution case:-
(1) . .
Not approved – Brinks Ltd v AbuSaleh and Others (No 3) ChD 23-Oct-1995
A person must know of the existence of an obligation of trust to be liable as an accessory to an act in breach of that trust. A person cannot be liable for dishonest assistance in a breach of trust unless he knows of the existence of the trust or at . .

Cited by:
Cited – AbouRahmah and Another v Abacha and others QBD 28-Nov-2005
Claims were made as to an alleged fraud by some of the respondents. . .
Cited – Jules Rimet Cup Ltd v The Football Association Ltd. ChD 18-Oct-2007
The parties disputed on preliminary issues the ownership of the rights in the trade mark ‘World Cup Willie’. The claimant had set out to register the mark, and the defendant gave notice of its intention to oppose. The claimant now alleged threat and . .
Cited – Attorney General for Jersey v O’Brien (Jersey) PC 14-Feb-2006
(Court of Appeal of Jersey) The appellant had been convicted of laundering the proceeds of her husband’s drug trafficking. The Attorney-General now appealed against her successful appeal on sentence and confiscation order. Both she and her husband . .
Cited – Ivey v Genting Casinos (UK) Ltd (T/A Crockfords) SC 25-Oct-2017
The claimant gambler sought payment of his winnings. The casino said that he had operated a system called edge-sorting to achieve the winnings, and that this was a form of cheating so as to excuse their payment. The system exploited tiny variances . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other

Updated: 04 December 2021; Ref: scu.231105

Francis, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department and Another: CA 23 May 2014

Appeal against rejection of claim for damages after alleged unlawful detention in immigration detention centre pending examination of immigration status.

Moore-Bick, Christopher Clarke LJJ, Sir Stephen Sedley
[2014] EWCA Civ 718, [2015] 1 WLR 567, [2014] WLR(D) 240
Bailii, WLRD
England and Wales
Cited by:
Cited – Nouazli, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department SC 20-Apr-2016
The court considered the compatibility with EU law of regulations 21 and 24 of the 2006 Regulations, and the legality at common law of the appellant’s administrative detention from 3 April until 6 June 2012 and of bail restrictions thereafter until . .
Cited – O, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department SC 27-Apr-2016
The appellant failed asylum seeker had been detained for three years pending deportation. She suffered a mental illness, and during her detention the medical advice that her condition could be coped with in the detention centre changed, recommending . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Immigration

Updated: 03 December 2021; Ref: scu.525869

Hannon and Another v News Group Newspapers Ltd and Another: ChD 16 May 2014

The claimants alleged infringement of their privacy, saying that the defendant newspaper had purchased private information from police officers emplyed by the second defendant, and published them. The defendants now applied for the claims to be struck out, saying that they should have been brought in defamation, and were accordingly time barred, that the action was an abuse of process.
Held: The action was one in a developing area of law, and the defendants would have to meet not only the usual high standards required to establish abuse, but there are clear requirements of additional caution in such an area. The application to dismiss failed.

Mann J
[2014] EWHC 1580 (Ch), [2015] EMLR 1
Bailii
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – Bonnard v Perryman CA 2-Jan-1891
Although the courts possessed a jurisdiction, ‘in all but exceptional cases’, they should not issue an interlocutory injunction to restrain the publication of a libel which the defence sought to justify except where it was clear that that defence . .
Cited – Woodward v Hutchins CA 1977
An injunction was sought to restrain publication of confidential information about a well-known pop group, starring Tom Jones and Engelbert Humperdinck. As the group’s press agent, the defendant’s role had been to see that the group received . .
Cited – Khashoggi v Smith CA 15-Jan-1980
The plaintiff attempted to prevent a housekeeper from disclosing allegedly confidential information acquired during her employment.
Held: Sir David Cairns said: ‘But when it is apprehended that what a former employee has disclosed, or is about . .
Cited – Foaminol Laboratories Ltd v British Artide Plastics Ltd 1941
There is no justification for artificially excising from the damages recoverable for breach of contract that part of the financial loss which might or might not be the subject of a successful claim in defamation. A claim for mere loss of reputation . .
Cited – Lonhro Plc and Others v Fayed and Others (No 5) CA 6-Oct-1993
The plaintiff sought to amend a conspiracy claim, based on arrangements to publish defamatory statements, by adding a claim for damage to reputation and feelings.
Held: Such a claim could not be made in conspiracy. A Plaintiff’s motives in . .
Cited – Tillery Valley Foods v Channel Four Television, Shine Limited ChD 18-May-2004
The claimant sought an injunction to restrain the defendants broadcasting a film, claiming that it contained confidential material. A journalist working undercover sought to reveal what he said were unhealthy practices in the claimant’s meat . .
Cited – Dixon v Clement Jones Solicitors (A Firm) CA 8-Jul-2004
The defendant firm had negligently allowed a claim for damages against a firm of accountants to become statute barred. The defendants said the claim was of no or little value, since the claimant would have proceeded anyway.
Held: The court had . .
Cited – Ash and Another v McKennitt and others CA 14-Dec-2006
The claimant was a celebrated Canadian folk musician. The defendant, a former friend, published a story of their close friendship. The claimant said the relationship had been private, and publication infringed her privacy rights, and she obtained an . .
Cited – Terry (previously LNS) v Persons Unknown QBD 29-Jan-2010
The claimant (then known as LNS) had obtained an injunction to restrain publication of private materials.
Held: There was insufficient material to found an action in confidence or privacy. An applicant was unlikely to succeed either at an . .
Cited – Bell-Booth Group Ltd v Attorney General 1989
There were alternative cases put in defamation and negligence.
Held: negligence could not operate in that sort of case. . .
Cited – Lonrho Plc and Others v Fayed and Others (No 5) CA 27-Jul-1993
Defamatory statements causing pecuniary loss may give rise to an action in tort only. The boundaries set by the tort of defamation are not to be side-stepped by allowing a claim in contract that would not succeed in defamation. A claimant cannot, by . .
Cited – Mosley v News Group Newspapers Ltd QBD 24-Jul-2008
mosley_newsgroupQBD2008
The defendant published a film showing the claimant involved in sex acts with prostitutes. It characterised them as ‘Nazi’ style. He was the son of a fascist leader, and a chairman of an international sporting body. He denied any nazi element, and . .
Cited – In re Kavanagh KBD 1949
Before her bankruptcy the bankrupt had sued her former solicitor for breach of confidence. The claim was pending at the date of her bankruptcy but later settled on terms which involved the defendant paying damages. The bankrupt claimed that the . .
Cited – Dow Jones and Co Inc v Jameel CA 3-Feb-2005
Presumption of Damage in Defamation is rebuttable
The defendant complained that the presumption in English law that the victim of a libel had suffered damage was incompatible with his right to a fair trial. They said the statements complained of were repetitions of statements made by US . .
Cited – In re Guardian News and Media Ltd and Others; HM Treasury v Ahmed and Others SC 27-Jan-2010
Proceedings had been brought to challenge the validity of Orders in Council which had frozen the assets of the claimants in those proceedings. Ancillary orders were made and confirmed requiring them not to be identified. As the cases came to the . .
Cited – Axel Springer Ag v Germany ECHR 7-Feb-2012
ECHR Grand Chamber – A German newspaper had published a story or stories about the arrest and conviction of a well-known TV actor, together with photographs, and various restraining-type orders had been issued by . .

Cited by:
Cited – Richard v The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Another ChD 18-Jul-2018
Police suspect has outweighable Art 8 rights
Police (the second defendant) had searched the claimant’s home in his absence in the course of investigating allegations of historic sexual assault. The raid was filmed and broadcast widely by the first defendant. No charges were brought against the . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Defamation

Updated: 03 December 2021; Ref: scu.525499

Waryoba, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: Admn 13 May 2014

The claimant sought damages alleging false imprisonment by the defendant in that he had been held at an immigration control centre. It had been lawful at first, being held after release from prison and pending deportation, but the extent of his detention had exceeded what was lawful.

Nissen QC
[2014] EWHC 1496 (Admin)
Bailii
England and Wales

Torts – Other, Prisons

Updated: 03 December 2021; Ref: scu.525494

Hegazy and Others v The Commissioner of Police of The Metropolis: QBD 10 Feb 2014

The claimants alleged false imprisonment, assault and race discrimination
Several claimants made assorted claims against the police, and sought to have admitted various events as similar fact evidence.

Sir David Eady
[2014] EWHC 235 (QB)
Bailii
England and Wales

Police, Torts – Other, Litigation Practice

Updated: 29 November 2021; Ref: scu.521122

Das, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department and Others: CA 28 Jan 2014

The claimant said that his continued immigration detention became unlawful on his being diagnosed with a mental health condition.
Held: Beatson LJ discussed the meaning of the phrase ‘satisfactory management’ He said he as inclined to accept the Home Secretary’s contention that, if the management of the illness in an IRC was likely to prevent its deterioration, it would be satisfactory even if treatment was available in the community which was likely to secure its improvement.

Moses, Beatson, Underhill LJJ
[2014] EWCA Civ 45, [2014] WLR(D) 39, [2014] 1 WLR 3538
Bailii, WLRD
England and Wales
Cited by:
Cited – O, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department SC 27-Apr-2016
The appellant failed asylum seeker had been detained for three years pending deportation. She suffered a mental illness, and during her detention the medical advice that her condition could be coped with in the detention centre changed, recommending . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other

Updated: 29 November 2021; Ref: scu.520769

UBAF Ltd v European American Banking Corporation: CA 1984

The defendant invited the plaintiff to take part in a syndicated loan. The defendant’s assistant secretary signed a letter to the plaintiff making representations, now claimed to be fraudulent. The defendant succeeded at first instance arguing that the signature was not that of the bank, and that even if it was, the action would be statute barred.
Held: The court refused to strike out the claim. A company itself made a representation, if it produced a document which was signed by an authorised officer or agent acting within the scope of his actual authority. This applied to bind the defendant bank. The nature of a syndicated loan was a fiduciary arrangement, and the obligations on a lead bank were continuing for limitation purposes, time did not run, and the obligation was not time barred. The issue would be settled at trial when it was established when the defendant could be said to have come to know of the alleged deceit.

Ackner LJ
[1984] QB 713, [1984] 1 WLR 508, [1984] CLY 1579
England and Wales
Citing:
Explained – Swift v Jewsbury and Goddard 1874
. .
Explained – Hirst v West Riding Banking Co CA 1901
The representation on which the claim made was was in a letter signed by the branch manager of the defendant bank and the court evidently assumed that this could not be equated with the bank’s own signature.
Held: The action against the bank . .
Considered – Forster v Outred and Co CA 1981
A mother signed a mortgage deed charging her property to H as security for a loan to her son. She claimed the solicitor had been negligent in his advice. The solicitor replied that the claim was out of time. The loss accrued not when demand for . .

Cited by:
Cited – Nykredit Mortgage Bank Plc v Edward Erdman Group Ltd (No 2) HL 27-Nov-1997
A surveyor’s negligent valuation had led to the plaintiff obtaining what turned out to be inadequate security for his loan. A cause of action against a valuer for his negligent valuation arises when a relevant and measurable loss is first recorded. . .
Cited – Pegasus Management Holdings Sca and Another v Ernst and Young (A Firm) and Another ChD 11-Nov-2008
The claimants alleged professional negligence in advice given by the defendant on a share purchase, saying that it should have been structured to reduce Capital Gains Tax. The defendants denied negligence and said the claim was statute barred.
Banking, Limitation, Torts – Other, Company

Updated: 29 November 2021; Ref: scu.181338

Herd v Weardale Steel Coal and Coke Co Ltd: HL 30 Jun 1914

The claimant, a miner, said that his work was dangerous, and threw down his tools. He now sought damages saying that his employer had falsely imprisoned him by failing to bring him to the surface until the end of his shift.
Held: The employee’s appeal against dismissal of his claim failed. The existence of a contractual relationship between the parties, including an implied obligation on the defendants to take the plaintiff up to the surface at the end of his shift, and left no room for such a claim in tort.

Viscount Haldane LC
[1914] UKHL 2, [1915] AC 67
Bailii
England and Wales
Citing:
Appeal from – Herd v Weardale Steel Coal and Coke Co Ltd CA 1913
The court granted the appeal against the success of a false imprisonment claim by an employee of a coal-mining company, whose complaint was based on his employers’ refusal to comply with his request to take him to the surface, after he had . .

Cited by:
Mentioned – Prison Officers Association v Iqbal CA 4-Dec-2009
The claimant, a prisoner, alleged false imprisonment. The prison officers had taken unlawful strike action leaving him to be confined within his cell and unable to be involved in his normal activities. In view of the strike, a governor’s order had . .
Cited – Secretary of State for Justice v MM SC 28-Nov-2018
The respondent had been detained after conviction for arson, under the 1983 Act, and was liable to indefinite detention in hospital for medical treatment and dischargeable only by the Appellant or the First Tier Tribunal, possibly only as a . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other

Updated: 29 November 2021; Ref: scu.265977

Gaviria-Manrique v The Secretary of State for The Home Department: Admn 16 Jan 2014

Claim for judicial review seeking declarations that his detention by the defendant for two separate periods during 2008 was unlawful and claims an entitlement to damages for more than a nominal sum.

Judge Sycamore
[2014] EWHC 33 (Admin)
Bailii
England and Wales

Torts – Other, Prisons, Damages

Updated: 28 November 2021; Ref: scu.519790

Excalibur Ventures Llc v Texas Keystone Inc and Others: ComC 10 Sep 2013

Excalibur claimed to be entitled to an interest in a number of oil fields in Kurdistan, which are potentially extremely profitable, and of which the Shaikan field is the most important. The claim was for specific performance of a ‘Collaboration Agreement’ pursuant to which Excalibur claimed its entitlement to an interest in the fields or to damages which, as finally put, were said to be of the order of US $ 1.6 billion.
Held: The claim failed on every point, whether put in contract, which was the primary claim, or in tort, where five causes of action were pursued: interference with contract, interference with business relations, breach of fiduciary duty, fraud by misrepresentation and fraud by concealment. The claim did not fail narrowly or on the basis of abstruse legal doctrine upon which two views might be possible. It failed because Excalibur had failed to establish any contract with Gulf.

Christopher Clarke LJ
[2013] EWHC 2767 (Comm)
Bailii
England and Wales
Citing:
See Also – Excalibur Ventures Llc v Texas Keystone Inc and Others ComC 28-Jun-2011
The court gave its reasons for the grant of an order restraining the claimant from also pursuing arbitration proceedings at the International Court of Arbitration.
Held: Gloster J was, found on the evidence then before her a strong arguable . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Contract, Torts – Other

Updated: 27 November 2021; Ref: scu.518979

Jolley v Sutton London Borough Council: HL 24 May 2000

An abandoned boat had been left on its land and not removed by the council. Children tried to repair it, jacked it up, and a child was injured when it fell. It was argued for the boy, who now appealed dismissal of his claim by the Court of Appeal, that the possibility of injury to children playing on such an object was foreseeable. The judge had also found a particular danger of an older boy seeking to prop it up and repair it. The council had argued that this latter event was unforseeable.
Held: The Court of Appeal had not been justified in disturbing the Judge’s finding of fact. Given the ingenuity of children for mischief, mischief which went beyond that foreseen, but which was of the same type, was capable of leaving the authority liable under the Act.
There was no social value or cost saving to the Council in creating a risk by leaving a derelict boat lying about. It was something which they ought to have removed whether it created a risk of injury or not. They were liable for an injury which, though foreseeable, was not particularly likely. Foreseeability does not denote a fixed point on the scale of probability.

Lord Browne-Wilkinson Lord Mackay of Clashfern Lord Steyn Lord Hoffmann Lord Hobhouse of Woodborough
Times 24-May-2000, Gazette 08-Jun-2000, [2000] 1 WLR 1082, [2000] UKHL 31, [2000] 3 All ER 409
House of Lords, Bailii
Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957 2(2)
England and Wales
Citing:
Appeal from – Regina v London Borough of Sutton, ex parte Jolley CA 19-Jun-1998
The plaintiff, a boy, was injured when playing on a derelict boat left on council land. The council appealed an award of damages against it.
Held: A local authority may be liable for injury caused by a derelict boat not removed from their land . .
First instance – Jolley v Sutton London Borough Council QBD 1998
The claimant, a boy was injured when playing around a boat abandoned on land owned by the defendant. He had propped it up to attempt a repair, and was crushed when it fell on him. He said that in not removing the boat they had been negligent.
Cited – Donoghue (or M’Alister) v Stevenson HL 26-May-1932
Decomposed Snail in Ginger Beer Bottle – Liability
The appellant drank from a bottle of ginger beer manufactured by the defendant. She suffered injury when she found a half decomposed snail in the liquid. The glass was opaque and the snail could not be seen. The drink had been bought for her by a . .
Cited – Bolton v Stone HL 10-May-1951
The plaintiff was injured by a prodigious and unprecedented hit of a cricket ball over a distance of 100 yards. He claimed damages in negligence.
Held: When looking at the duty of care the court should ask whether the risk was not so remote . .
Cited – Hughes v Lord Advocate HL 21-Feb-1963
The defendants had left a manhole uncovered and protected only by a tent and paraffin lamp. A child climbed down the hole. When he came out he kicked over one of the lamps. It fell into the hole and caused an explosion. The child was burned. The . .
Cited – Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd (The Wagon Mound No 1) PC 18-Jan-1961
Foreseeability Standard to Establish Negligence
Complaint was made that oil had been discharged into Sydney Harbour causing damage. The court differentiated damage by fire from other types of physical damage to property for the purposes of liability in tort, saying ‘We have come back to the plain . .
Cited – Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Miller Steamship Co Pty (The Wagon Mound) (No 2) PC 25-May-1966
(New South Wales) When considering the need to take steps to avoid injury, the court looked to the nature of defendant’s activity. There was no social value or cost saving in this defendant’s activity. ‘In the present case there was no justification . .

Cited by:
Cited – Groom v Selby CA 18-Oct-2001
The defendant negligently failed to discover the claimant’s pregnancy. A severely disabled child was born. The question was as to the responsibility for payment of excess costs of raising a severely disabled child, a claim for economic loss. The . .
Cited – Tomlinson v Congleton Borough Council and others HL 31-Jul-2003
The claimant dived into a lake, severely injuring himself. The council appealed liability, arguing that it owed him no duty of care under the Act since he was a trespasser. It had placed warning signs to deter swimmers.
Held: The council’s . .
Cited – The Attorney General v Hartwell PC 23-Feb-2004
PC (The British Virgin Islands) A police officer had taken the police revolver, and used it to shoot the claimant. It was alleged that the respondent police force were vicariously liable for his acts and also . .
Cited – Gabriel v Kirklees Metropolitan Council CA 24-Mar-2004
The claimant (aged 6) sought damages after being hurt when other children playing on a building site threw stones from the site, hitting him as he passed by.
Held: The case raised questions of law and it was incumbent on the judge to provide . .
Cited – Islington London Borough Council v University College London Hospital NHS Trust CA 16-Jun-2005
The local authority sought repayment from a negligent hospital of the cost of services it had had to provide to an injured patient. They said that the hospital had failed to advise the patient to resume taking warfarin when her operation was . .
Cited – London General Holdings Ltd and others v USP Plc and Another CA 22-Jul-2005
Copyright was claimed in a draft legal agreement. Infringement was established, but the court was asked to look at the assessment of damages.
Held: ‘what is the basis upon which damages for breach of copyright are awarded? The question cannot . .
Cited – Jebson v Ministry of Defence CA 28-Jun-2000
The claimant was a guardsman travelling in the rear of a service lorry. He fell from the tailgate suffering severe injury. He was drunk after a social trip.
Held: Though a person could normally expect to be responsible himself for incidents . .
Cited – Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd CA 31-Mar-2006
The deceased had suffered a head injury whilst working for the defendant. In addition to severe physical consequences he suffered post-traumatic stress, became more and more depressed, and then committed suicide six years later. The claimant . .
Cited – Hone v Six Continents Retail Ltd CA 29-Jun-2005
The employer appealed a finding that it was liable in damages for negligence to the claimant, and employee who suffered psychiatric injury cause by stress at work. He said he had been left to work very excessive hours, between 89 and 92 hours a . .
Cited – Johnston v NEI International Combustion Ltd; Rothwell v Chemical and Insulating Co Ltd; similar HL 17-Oct-2007
The claimant sought damages for the development of neural plaques, having been exposed to asbestos while working for the defendant. The presence of such plaques were symptomless, and would not themselves cause other asbestos related disease, but . .
Cited – Geary v JD Wetherspoon Plc QBD 14-Jun-2011
The claimant, attempting to slide down the banisters at the defendants’ premises, fell 4 metres suffering severe injury. She claimed in negligence and occupiers’ liability. The local council had waived a requirement that the balustrade meet the . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Personal Injury, Negligence, Torts – Other

Leading Case

Updated: 27 November 2021; Ref: scu.82576

Ratcliff v McConnell and Jones: CA 30 Nov 1998

The claimant, a nineteen year old student climbed into a college property in the early hours of the morning, and then took a running dive into the shallow end of a swimming pool, suffering severe injuries. He was accompanied by friends and had been drinking, though he was not drunk.
Held: A trespasser having climbed into grounds at night and dived into a swimming pool without knowing the depth accepted responsibility for his own acts. The dangers of diving into shallow water were known to adults and there was no need for a warning. The existence of a duty had to be determined by reference to the likelihood of the trespasser’s presence in the vicinity of the danger at the actual time and place of danger to him.
The Act did not include the duty to safeguard the claimant from the consequences of his own folly.
Stuart-Smith LJ said: ‘It is unfortunate that a number of high-spirited young men will take serious risks with their own safety and do things that they know are forbidden, Often they are disinhibited by drink and the encouragement of friends. It is the danger and the fact that it is forbidden that provides the thrill. But if the risk materialises they cannot blame others for their rashness.’

Lord Justice Stuart-Smith, Lord Justice Thorpe, Lord Justice Mummery
Times 03-Dec-1998, [1999] 1 WLR 670, [1997] EWCA Civ 2679
Bailii
The Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957
England and Wales
Cited by:
Cited – Donoghue v Folkestone Properties Limited CA 27-Feb-2003
The claimant had decided to go for a midnight swim, but was injured diving and hitting a submerged bed. The landowner appealed a finding that it was 25% liable. The claimant asserted that the defendant knew that swimmers were common.
Held: The . .
Cited – Hampstead Heath Winter Swimming Club and Another v Corporation of London and Another Admn 26-Apr-2005
Swimmers sought to be able to swim unsupervised in an open pond. The authority which owned the pond on Hampstead Heath wished to refuse permission fearing liability for any injury.
Held: It has always been a principle of the interpretation of . .
Cited – Ovu v London Underground Ltd (Duty of Care) QBD 13-Oct-2021
Safety of Stairs within Undergrounds Care of duty
The Claimant sued the London Underground company because their relative Mr Ovu died after falling down stairs on a fire escape. It was late at night and he wandered on his own on a cold night, outdoors, onto the stairs. The staircase was in good . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Land, Negligence

Updated: 27 November 2021; Ref: scu.136077

Keown v Coventry Healthcare NHS Trust: CA 2 Feb 2006

The claimant a young boy fell from a fire escape on the defendant’s building. He suffered brain damage and in later life was convicted of sexual offences.
Held: His claim failed: ‘there was no suggestion that the fire escape was fragile or had anything wrong with it as a fire escape and I do not think it can be said that the claimant here suffered his injury by reason of any danger due to the state of the premises. ‘ Justice Lewison said: ‘The threshold question is not whether there is a risk of suffering injury by reason of the state of the premises. It is whether there is a risk of injury by reason of any danger due to the state of the premises. Thus in order for the threshold question to be answered in the affirmative it must be shown that the premises were inherently dangerous. ‘

Mummery LJ, Longmore LJ, Lewison J
[2006] EWCA Civ 39, [2006] 1 WLR 653
Bailii
Occupiers’ Liability Act 1984 1
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – The Carlgarth 1927
Scrutton LJ said: ‘When you invite a person into your house to use the staircase, you do not invite him to slide down the banisters, you invite him to use the staircase in the ordinary way in which it is used.’ and ‘Another distinction is that in a . .
Cited – Young v Kent County Council QBD 14-Mar-2005
The claimant a child had climbed the wall of a school building and on to the roof to collect a ball. He then fell through a skylight.
Held: Asking whether the state of the premises posed a danger: ‘yes, they did. The roof was an inherently . .
Cited – Donoghue v Folkestone Properties Limited CA 27-Feb-2003
The claimant had decided to go for a midnight swim, but was injured diving and hitting a submerged bed. The landowner appealed a finding that it was 25% liable. The claimant asserted that the defendant knew that swimmers were common.
Held: The . .
Cited – Lewis v Six Continents Plc CA 2006
The claimant was injured after falling from a sash window in the defendant’s hotel. He appeal against refusal of his claim.
Held: The appeal failed. The claimant’s argument, if followed to its conclusion, would result in every window having to . .
Cited – Tomlinson v Congleton Borough Council and others HL 31-Jul-2003
The claimant dived into a lake, severely injuring himself. The council appealed liability, arguing that it owed him no duty of care under the Act since he was a trespasser. It had placed warning signs to deter swimmers.
Held: The council’s . .

Cited by:
Cited – Geary v JD Wetherspoon Plc QBD 14-Jun-2011
The claimant, attempting to slide down the banisters at the defendants’ premises, fell 4 metres suffering severe injury. She claimed in negligence and occupiers’ liability. The local council had waived a requirement that the balustrade meet the . .
Cited – Ovu v London Underground Ltd (Duty of Care) QBD 13-Oct-2021
Safety of Stairs within Undergrounds Care of duty
The Claimant sued the London Underground company because their relative Mr Ovu died after falling down stairs on a fire escape. It was late at night and he wandered on his own on a cold night, outdoors, onto the stairs. The staircase was in good . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Personal Injury

Updated: 27 November 2021; Ref: scu.238247

Revill v Newbery: CA 2 Nov 1995

The defendant owned a shed on an allotment and slept there at night in order to protect his property from the attentions of vandals and thieves. Among other items in the shed the defendant, aged 76 at the time, kept a 12-bore shotgun and cartridges. One night the plaintiff and another man attempted to break into the shed intending to steal from it. The resultant noise woke the defendant who, intending only to frighten them, loaded the shotgun and fired it through a hole in the door. The shot injured the plaintiff, who was standing about five feet away from the door. In subsequent criminal proceedings he admitted attempted burglary of the premises. He brought an action for damages for personal injuries against the defendant, alleging that the latter was negligent in firing the shot. The judge at first instance, Rougier J, found that the defendant had been negligent in firing the shot. He made the following relevant findings of fact:'(1) The defendant believed, though mistakenly, that there was no one in front of the door. (2) When he fired the gun the defendant had no means of knowing for sure whether it was pointed at anyone; the defendant was effectively blindfold. (3) When he fired the gun the defendant’s perception and judgment were clouded by fear. (4)The defendant was carrying out a preconceived contingency plan.’ A trespasser (even a thief) is entitled to protection from unnecessary violence, and to an award of damages for personal injuries inflicted. To deny the claimant compensation for an assault which went beyond self-defence was a different thing from denying him the fruits of his crime and was akin to outlawing him. In such a case there was simply no room for the turpitude doctrine.
Held: The Court of Appeal upheld Rougier J’s finding of negligence, confirming his view that the defendant certainly did not intend to hit the plaintiff, but that he was in breach of a duty of care towards him and therefore negligent.

Neill LJ, Evans LJ, Millett LJ
Gazette 06-Dec-1995, Times 03-Nov-1995, Independent 10-Nov-1995, [1995] EWCA Civ 10, [1996] QB 567, [1996] 1 All ER 291, [1996] 2 WLR 239
Bailii
Occupier’s Liability Act 1984
England and Wales
Cited by:
Cited – Vellino v Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police CA 31-Jul-2001
The police were not under any duty to protect someone who had been arrested from injuring himself in an attempt to escape. The claimant had a history of seeking to avoid capture by jumping from his flat window. On this occasion he injured himself in . .
Cited – Gray v Thames Trains and Others HL 17-Jun-2009
The claimant suffered severe psychiatric injured in a rail crash caused by the defendant’s negligence. Under this condition of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, the claimant had gone on to kill another person, and he had been detained under section . .
Cited – Ovu v London Underground Ltd (Duty of Care) QBD 13-Oct-2021
Safety of Stairs within Undergrounds Care of duty
The Claimant sued the London Underground company because their relative Mr Ovu died after falling down stairs on a fire escape. It was late at night and he wandered on his own on a cold night, outdoors, onto the stairs. The staircase was in good . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Personal Injury

Updated: 27 November 2021; Ref: scu.88754

Braithwaite v South Durham Steel Co Ltd and Another: QBD 1958

The Plaintiff was employed by South Durham Steel as a crane driver’s mate and he was preceding a mobile crane along a railway line. Another line, in the ownership of the British Transport Commission (BTC), and not his employers, ran alongside and was very close by. At some point while walking he inadvertently put his foot a few inches over the sleepers, and was struck by oncoming traffic on the line when he was startled by a warning should from the crane driver. BTC argued he was a trespasser at the moment of the accident, and that absent a reckless or deliberate act to harm him, no other duty was owed.
Held the Claimant had placed his foot onto the BTC’s land and did not have permission to do so, but even so held that it was unrealistic and artificial on the facts of the case, where he was a licensee on part of the walkway and his encroachment was wholly inadvertent, to find that his involuntary encroachment onto the BTC’s land made him a trespasser.
Mr Justice Edmund Davies said this: ‘Even so, the submissions of learned Counsel . . appears to me to be unrealistic when it is thought to be applied to the facts of this case, namely, that (a) the plaintiff was a licensee in the walkway, and (b) his encroachment of a few inches over or upon the sleepers of the commission’s line was only inadvertent and involuntary and the result of his startled turnabout as a result of the warning shout . . ‘

Mr Justice Edmund Davies
[1958] 1 WLR 986
England and Wales
Cited by:
Cited – Ovu v London Underground Ltd (Duty of Care) QBD 13-Oct-2021
Safety of Stairs within Undergrounds Care of duty
The Claimant sued the London Underground company because their relative Mr Ovu died after falling down stairs on a fire escape. It was late at night and he wandered on his own on a cold night, outdoors, onto the stairs. The staircase was in good . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Land, Torts – Other

Updated: 27 November 2021; Ref: scu.670075

Curley v The United Kingdom: ECHR 10 Mar 2011

(Execution of judgment) – Examination closed on satisfaction

[2011] ECHR 601, 32340/96
Bailii
Citing:
Judgment – Curley v United Kingdom ECHR 28-Mar-2000
A prisoner was sentenced to be detained during her majesty’s pleasure, but given a tariff which expired in 1987. Reviews of his continued detention did not lead to his release. He complained that the system of reviews by a Parole Board whose . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Human Rights, Prisons, Torts – Other

Updated: 26 November 2021; Ref: scu.518897

LNOC Ltd v Watford Association Football Club Ltd: ComC 21 Nov 2013

The claimant sought repayment of sums loaned to the football club. The defendant replied saying that the loans were ineffective since the claimant had known that they were being entered into by an officer of the club without authority and contrary to the club’s interests.

Mackie QC J
[2013] EWHC 3615 (Comm)
Bailii

Torts – Other, Agency

Updated: 26 November 2021; Ref: scu.518428

Simpson and Others (T/A Harrow Solicitors and Advocates) v Godson and Others: CA 4 Nov 2013

The defendants appealed against different elements of orders made in findings that they had been involved in the theft of sums of money from the claimant firm of solicitors then employed by them.

Moore-Bick, Aikens, Sullivan LJJ
[2013] EWCA Civ 1339
Bailii
England and Wales

Torts – Other

Updated: 25 November 2021; Ref: scu.517371

F and S v TH: QBD 1 Jul 2016

Claim for damages as victims of sexual abuse alleged against father.

Langstaff J
[2016] EWHC 1605 (QB)
Bailii
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – Stubbings v Webb and Another HL 10-Feb-1993
Sexual Assault is not an Act of Negligence
In claims for damages for child abuse at a children’s home made out of the six year time limit time were effectively time barred, with no discretion for the court to extend that limit. The damage occurred at the time when the child left the home. A . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other

Updated: 22 November 2021; Ref: scu.566573

Archbishop Bowen and Another v JL: CA 21 Feb 2017

The defendants appealed against finding that they were responsible for the assaults by a priest on the claimant.

Lewison, Burnett LJJ, Sir Ernest Ryder SP T
[2017] EWCA Civ 82
Bailii
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – Stubbings v Webb and Another HL 10-Feb-1993
Sexual Assault is not an Act of Negligence
In claims for damages for child abuse at a children’s home made out of the six year time limit time were effectively time barred, with no discretion for the court to extend that limit. The damage occurred at the time when the child left the home. A . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Limitation

Updated: 22 November 2021; Ref: scu.575330

Knight v Woore: 31 Jan 1837

Trespass. Justification under a right of way to carry water and goods. As to the water, verdict for Defendant ; to the goods, verdict for Plaintiff. Held, that Defendant had substantially succeeded, and was entitled to the general costs in the cause.
Held also, that he was entitled to the costs of a witness who spoke as to the water, notwithstanding he spoke also as to the goods.

[1837] EngR 466, (1837) 3 Bing NC 534, (1837) 132 ER 516
Commonlii
England and Wales

Torts – Other, Costs

Updated: 20 November 2021; Ref: scu.313583

Wright v Commissioner of Police for The Metropolis: QBD 11 Sep 2013

The claimant sought damages for false imprisonment and infringement of his human rights in the manner of the defendant’s management of a demonstration in which he was involved. The issue was whether ilce action was justified on the basis that the defendant’s actions were likely to encourage others to breach the peace.
Held: The police officers honestly believed that a breach of the peace was about to occur; the key question is: did the officers have reasonable grounds for that belief: ‘there would be a real danger of falling into the trap of circularity of reasoning which both the Claimant and Mr Southey forcibly mentioned. If, ex hypothesi, there are no reasonable grounds, how can the police create those grounds by informing protesters that unless they comply they will be arrested? Although the Defendant’s position was that a reasonable protester would want to enter the pen, I can see the force of the argument that this assumes too much and places a form of burden of persuasion or justification on the Claimant. In truth, the onus is on the police to justify containment and the protester is quite entitled to say: ‘I am not causing a breach of the peace: let me stand on my rights’.’
However, as matters progressed, the police did come to have reasonable grounds as required, and ‘Had it not been for the Claimant’s own actions, I am far from convinced that the other matters prayed in aid by CI Osborn would have been sufficient. The refusal to go into the pen could well be regarded as protesters standing on their rights. On the other hand, protesters who claimed that they wanted to leave the scene, were let out of the pen, and then rekindled their protest elsewhere placed themselves in a different category: they were not simply standing on their rights; they had misled the police and could therefore be regarded as untrustworthy.’

Jay J
[2013] EWHC 2739 (QB)
Bailii
European Convention on Human Rights 5 10 11
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – Regina v Howell (Errol) CACD 1981
The court considered the meaning of the legal concept of a breach of the peace.
Held: The essence is to be found in violence or threatened violence. ‘We entertain no doubt that a constable has a power of arrest where there is reasonable . .
Cited – Regina v Nicol and Selvanayagam QBD 10-Nov-1995
The appellants appealed a bind-over for a finding that each appellant had been guilty of conduct whereby a breach of the peace was likely to be occasioned. The appellants, concerned about cruelty to animals, had obstructed an angling competition by . .
Cited – Austin and Others v The United Kingdom ECHR 15-Mar-2012
Grand Chamber – The applicants complained that their restriction within a police cordon (a measure known as ‘kettling’) for up to seven hours during the course of a demonstration in central London amounted to a deprivation of their liberty in breach . .
Cited – Selvanayagam v United Kingdom ECHR 12-Dec-2002
Any presumption of law which had operated against the applicant had been within reasonable limits, had taken account of the importance of what was at stake and had maintained the rights of the defence. . .
Cited – Laporte, Regina (on the application of ) v Chief Constable of Gloucestershire HL 13-Dec-2006
The claimants had been in coaches being driven to take part in a demonstration at an air base. The defendant police officers stopped the coaches en route, and, without allowing any number of the claimants to get off, returned the coaches to London. . .
Cited – Mengesha v Commissioner of Police of The Metropolis Admn 18-Jun-2013
The claimant was an observer at a demonstration in central London. Along with others she was detained within a police cordon. She was told she would not be released until she allowed herself to be photographed. This was done in an aggressive and . .
Cited – Austin and Others v The United Kingdom ECHR 15-Mar-2012
Grand Chamber – The applicants complained that their restriction within a police cordon (a measure known as ‘kettling’) for up to seven hours during the course of a demonstration in central London amounted to a deprivation of their liberty in breach . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Police, Torts – Other, Human Rights

Updated: 20 November 2021; Ref: scu.515379

O’Hara v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary: HL 21 Nov 1996

Second Hand Knowledge Supports Resaobnable Belief

The plaintiff had been arrested on the basis of the 1984 Act. The officer had no particular knowledge of the plaintiff’s involvement, relying on a briefing which led to the arrest.
Held: A reasonable suspicion upon which an arrest was founded need not be based on the arresting officer’s own observations. All that is required is a genuine and reasonably based suspicion in the mind of the officer. The test as to whether there are reasonable grounds for suspicion to justify an arrest is partly subjective, in that the arresting officer must have formed a genuine suspicion that the person being arrested was guilty of an offence, and partly objective, in that there must be reasonable grounds for forming such a suspicion. Such grounds can arise from information received from another, even if it subsequently proves to be false, provided that a reasonable man, having regard to all the circumstances, would regard them as reasonable grounds for suspicion.
Lord Hope considered what was the level of suspicion necessary to found a valid arrest under the section, saying: ‘My Lords, the test which s 12(1) of the 1984 Act has laid down is a simple but practical one. It relates entirely to what is in the mind of the arresting officer when the power is exercised. In part it is a subjective test, because he must have formed a genuine suspicion in his own mind that the person has been concerned in acts of terrorism. In part also it is an objective one, because there must also be reasonable grounds for the suspicion which he has formed. But the application of the objective test does not require the court to look beyond what was in the mind of the arresting officer. It is the grounds which were in his mind at the time which must be found to be reasonable grounds for the suspicion which he has formed. All that the objective test requires is that these grounds be examined objectively and that they be judged at the time when the power was exercised.’
Lord Steyn said: ‘Certain general propositions about the powers of constables under a section such as section 12(1) can now be summarised. (1) In order to have a reasonable suspicion the constable need not have evidence amounting to a prima facie case. Ex hypothesi one is considering a preliminary stage of the investigation and information from an informer or a tip-off from a member of the public may be enough: Hussien v. Chong Fook Kam [1970] A.C. 942, 949. (2) Hearsay information may therefore afford a constable a reasonable ground to arrest. Such information may come from other officers: Hussien’s case, ibid. (3) The information which causes the constable to be suspicious of the individual must be in existence to the knowledge of the police officer at the time he makes the arrest. (4) The executive ‘discretion’ to arrest or not as Lord Diplock described it in Mohammed-Holgate v. Duke [1984] A.C. 437, 446, vests in the constable, who is engaged on the decision to arrest or not, and not in his superior officers.’ and
‘For obvious practical reasons police officers must be able to rely upon each other in taking decisions as to whom to arrest or where to search and in what circumstances. The statutory power does not require that the constable who exercises the power must be in possession of all the information which has led to a decision, perhaps taken by others, that the time has come for it to be exercised. What it does require is that the constable who exercises the power must first have equipped himself with sufficient information so that he has reasonable cause to suspect before the power is exercised.’

Lord Hope of Craighead
Gazette 15-Jan-1997, Times 13-Dec-1996, [1996] UKHL 6, [1997] AC 286, [1997] 1 All ER 129, [1997] 2 WLR 1, [1996] NI 8, [1997] Crim LR 432, [1997] 1 Cr App Rep 447
House of Lords, Bailii
Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1984 12(1)
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – Castorina v Chief Constable of Surrey CA 10-Jun-1988
Whether an officer had reasonable cause to arrest somebody without a warrant depended upon an objective assessment of the information available to him, and not upon his subjective beliefs. The court had three questions to ask (per Woolf LJ): ‘(a) . .
Cited – Hussien v Chong Fook Kam PC 7-Oct-1969
(Malaysia) The Board considered the propriety of an arrest by the police. Lord Devlin said: ‘An arrest occurs when a police officer states in terms that he is arresting or when he uses force to restrain the individual concerned. It occurs also when . .
Distinguished – McKee v Chief Constable for Northern Ireland HL 1984
The House considered the state of mind of an officer required to allow an arrest under the section.
Held: Lord Roskill said: ‘On the true construction of section 11(1) of the statute, what matters is the state of mind of the arresting officer . .

Cited by:
Cited – Jarrett v Chief Constable of West Midlands Police CA 14-Feb-2003
The claimant sought damages for false imprisonment and assault after her wrongful arrest. She had waived her handbag at an officer investigating a disturbance and been arrested. The police said the arrest was lawful, she being suspected of common . .
Cited – Keegan and Others v Chief Constable of Merseyside CA 3-Jul-2003
The police had information suggesting (wrongly) that a fugitive resided at an address. An armed raid followed, and the claimant occupant sought damages.
Held: The tort of malicious procurement of a search warrant required it to be established . .
Mentioned – Cumming and others v Chief Constable of Northumbria Police CA 17-Dec-2003
The six claimants sought damages for wrongful arrest and false imprisonment. Each had been arrested on an officer’s suspicion. They operated CCTV equipment, and it appeared that tapes showing the commission of an offence had been tampered with. Each . .
Cited – A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, Mahmoud Abu Rideh Jamal Ajouaou v Secretary of State for the Home Department CA 11-Aug-2004
The claimants had each been detained without trial for more than two years, being held as suspected terrorists. They were free leave to return to their own countries, but they feared for their lives if returned. They complained that the evidence . .
Cited – Al-Fayed and others v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis and others CA 25-Nov-2004
The appellants appealed from dismissal of their claims for wrongful imprisonment by the respondent. Each had attended at a police station for interview on allegations of theft. They had been arrested and held pending interview and then released. Mr . .
Appeal from – O’Hara v The United Kingdom ECHR 16-Oct-2001
Hudoc Judgment (Merits and just satisfaction) No violation of Art. 5-1; Violation of Art. 5-3; Violation of Art. 5-5; Non-pecuniary damage – finding of violation sufficient; Costs and expenses partial award
Cited – Coudrat v Revenue and Customs CA 26-May-2005
The claimant appealed against dismissal of his claim for false imprisonment and malicious prosecution against the Customs and Excise. He was arrested and held accused of VAT fraud. Proceedings were discontinued. He had signed an application for . .
Cited – Saik, Regina v HL 3-May-2006
The defendant appealed aganst his conviction for conspiracy to engage in moneylaundering. At trial he pleaded guilty subject to a qualification that he had not known that the money was the proceeds of crime, though he may have suspected that it . .
Cited – MB, Re, Secretary of State for the Home Department v MB Admn 12-Apr-2006
The applicant challenged the terms of a non-derogating control order. It was anticipated that unless prevented, he would fight against UK forces in Iraq.
Held: The section allowed the Secretary of State to impose any necessary conditions, but . .
Cited – Hough v Chief Constable of Staffordshire Police CA 14-Feb-2001
Where a constable arrested someone based upon information on the police national computer, he was not to be held accountable for wrongful arrest and false imprisonment, if the information upon which that had in turn been based, did not justify the . .
Cited – Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis v Raissi CA 12-Nov-2008
The Commissioner appealed against an award of damages for false imprisonment. The claimant had been arrested shortly after a terrorist attack. The judge had held that they had no reasonable belief of his involvement. The Commissioner did not now . .
Cited – Alexander, Farrelly and Others, Re Judicial Review QBNI 5-Mar-2009
Each claimant said that they had been wrongfully arrested, the arresting police officers having either failed to ask whether the arrest was necessary (Farrelly), or mistakenly concluding so.
Held: The Order now contained in regulation . .
Cited – Mercury Tax Group Ltd and Another, Regina (On the Application of) v HM Revenue and Customs and Others Admn 13-Nov-2008
The claimant sought judicial review of the lawfulness of search warrants given to the Commissioners and executed at their various offices. The Revenue had suspect the dishonest implementation of a tax avoidance scheme. The claimants said that there . .
Cited – Armstrong v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police CA 5-Dec-2008
The Chief Constable appealed against a finding that the claimant had been arrested for rape without reasonable grounds. A description of the rapist had been given which the claimant met in several respects, but from which he clearly differed in . .
Cited – Hayes v Merseyside Police CA 29-Jul-2011
The claimant had been arrested after a complaint of harassment. The officer then contacted the complainant who then withdrew his complaint. The officer went to visit the complainant to discuss it further. On his return the claimant was released from . .
Cited – Howarth v Commissioner of Police of The Metropolis QBD 3-Nov-2011
howarth_cmpQBD2011
The claimant sought judicial review of a decision to search him whilst travelling to a public protest in London. A previous demonstration involving this group had resulted in criminal damage, but neither the claimant nor his companions were found to . .
Cited – Fitzpatrick and Others v The Commissioner of Police of The Metropolis QBD 11-Jan-2012
fitzpatrick_compolQBD2012
The claimants, two solicitors and their employer firm sought damages alleging trespass and malicious procurement by police officers in obtaining and executing search warrants against the firm in 2007 when they were investigating suspected offences . .
Cited – McCann v Crown Prosecution Service Admn 21-Aug-2015
Appeal by case stated against conviction for obstructing a police officer in the execution of his duty. The appellant had been protesting. She, correctly, thought the land to be a rivate highway. The police officer had thought it a public hghway and . .
Cited – Lane and Another, Regina v SC 11-Jul-2018
The defendants were to be tried for allegedly sending funds abroad to support terrorism. The court now considered the meaning of the phrase ‘reasonable cause to suspect’ in the context of the anticipated use of the funds: ‘Does it mean that the . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Police, Criminal Practice

Leading Case

Updated: 20 November 2021; Ref: scu.135035

Cattley and Another v Pollard and Another: ChD 7 Dec 2006

The first defendant solicitor misappropriated money from an estate he was administering. The beneficiaries later commenced proceedings against his wife, alleging knowing assistance. She said that that claim was out of time. The claimant responded said that any limitation period was disapplied as ‘any fraud or fraudulent breach of trust to which the trustee was party’.
Held: The defendant was only a trustee by construction, and the section applied only to those expressly trustees. However, the running of time only began when a beneficiary’s interest in a trust ceased to be a future interst, and also only at a time when the beneficiary might with reasonable diligence have discovered the fraud. On that background, the claim was not barred.

Richard Sheldon, QC
Times 23-Jan-2007, [2006] EWHC 3130 (Ch), [2007] 2 All ER 1086, [2007] Ch 353
Bailii
Limitation Act 1980 21(1)(a)
England and Wales
Cited by:
See Also – Cattley and Another v Pollard ChD 6-Jul-2007
The estate had been defrauded by theis solicitor. The proceeds had been used toward the purchase of a property. The defendant had first been the solicitor’s secretary and had become his wife, and transferee of the property. She denied that she had . .
Cited – Williams v Central Bank of Nigeria QBD 8-Apr-2011
The claimant had been defrauded by a customer of the defendant bank. He brought a claim against the bank, saying that they knew or ought to have known of the fraudster’s activities, and were liable. The Bank denied that the UK courts had . .
Cited – Williams v Central Bank of Nigeria SC 19-Feb-2014
Bank not liable for fraud of customer
The appellant sought to make the bank liable for a fraud committed by the Bank’s customer, the appellant saying that the Bank knew or ought to have known of the fraud. The court was asked whether a party liable only as a dishonest assistant was a . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Trusts, Limitation, Torts – Other, Equity

Updated: 19 November 2021; Ref: scu.248263

Brooke v Bool: 1928

Volunteer Was Joint Tortfeasor

A and B set out together to investigate the source of a gas leak which was B’s direct concern alone. A had come with him to help. Because B was too old to carry out a particular task, A carried it out instead. The means of investigation was ill-advised and an explosion took place.
Held: A was plainly liable. The Divisional Court held that B was liable too as a joint tortfeasor engaged in a common venture with A.
Talbot J said: ‘It is obvious that to examine a place in which an escape of gas is suspected is highly dangerous, unless proper care is taken; and that one of the necessary precautions against disaster is to avoid the use of a naked light. In my opinion the defendant, having undertaken this examination, was under a duty to take reasonable care to avoid danger resulting from it to the shop and its contents, and, if so, he cannot escape liability for the consequences of failure to discharge this duty by getting, as he did, some one to make the examination, or part of it, for him, whether that person is an agent, or a servant, or a contractor, or a mere voluntary helper. This is the principle of such cases as Bower v. Peate 1 Q. B. D. 321; Black v. Christchurch Finance Co. [1894] A C 48; Hughes v. Percival 8 App. Cas. 443; Hardaker v. Idle District Council [1896] 1 Q. B. 335; and see the judgment of Lord Blackburn in Dalton v. Angus 6 App Cas 740. The principle is that if a man does work on or near another’s property which involves danger to that property unless proper care is taken, he is liable to the owners of the property for damage resulting to it from the failure to take proper care, and is equally liable if, instead of doing the work himself, he procures another, whether agent, servant or otherwise, to do it for him.’

Talbot J
[1928] 2 KB 578
England and Wales
Citing:
Cited – The Koursk CA 1924
The navigators of two ships had committed two separate torts or one tort in which they were both tortfeasors.
Held: Three situations were identified where A might be jointly liable with B for B’s tortious act. Where A was master and B servant; . .

Cited by:
Cited – Unilever Plc v Gillette (UK) Limited CA 1989
Unilever claimed infringement of its patent. The court was asked whether there was a good arguable case against the United States parent company of the existing defendant sufficient to justify the parent company to be joined as a defendant and to . .
Cited – MCA Records Inc and Another v Charly Records Ltd and others (No 5) CA 5-Oct-2001
The court discussed the personal liability of a director for torts committed by his company: ‘i) a director will not be treated as liable with the company as a joint tortfeasor if he does no more than carry out his constitutional role in the . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Negligence

Updated: 19 November 2021; Ref: scu.230358

Saha v Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine: QBD 7 Aug 2013

The claimant a former PhD student sought substantial damages alleging harassment by her supervisor, employed by the defendant.
Held: The claim failed. The claimant had become fixated, and those working alongside both partes, whilst recognising the supervisor’s sometimes abrupt manner, did not support the allegations.

Hamblen J
[2013] EWHC 2438 (QB)
Bailii
Protection of Harassment Act 1997

Torts – Other

Updated: 18 November 2021; Ref: scu.514269

Vernon Knight Associates v Cornwall Council: CA 30 Jul 2013

Appeal by Cornwall County Council against a decision that it is liable for damage caused by floodwater escaping from one of the roads in the county.

Lord Dyson MR, Jackson LJ, Sir Stanley Burnton
[2013] EWCA Civ 950, [2013] WLR(D) 329
Bailii, WLRD
Highways Act 1980 41(1) 58(1)
England and Wales

Land, Torts – Other

Updated: 18 November 2021; Ref: scu.514253

Ahuja Investments Ltd v Victorygame Ltd and Another (Consequential judgment): ChD 16 Sep 2021

Allegation of fraudulent misrepresentation and breach of contract

[2021] EWHC 2729 (Ch)
Bailii
England and Wales
Cited by:
See Also – Ahuja Investments Ltd v Victorygame Ltd and Another (2nd consequential judgment) ChD 16-Sep-2021
. .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Contract

Updated: 18 November 2021; Ref: scu.668622

Poonam v Secretary of State for The Home Department: QBD 18 Jul 2013

The claimant sought damages, alleging: ‘oppressive questioning, unlawful arrest, unlawful detention, unlawful search of her home, theft and / or failure to secure her home premises, and the wrongful declaration by the UKBA that she was an illegal migrant subject to removal under Immigration Act 1971 s.10 provisions’ and theft. The court now considered the allegations disputed.
Held: The actions of the immigration officers went beyond the permitted scope of the warrant and it appears that they were always going to do so given the contents of the briefing. Also the officers had not recorded the caution of her when required. However the allegations over and above these were not established, and nor had the claimant shown any connection between the infractions and the damages claimed.

John Bowers QC
[2013] EWHC 2059 (QB)
Bailii
Immigration Act 1971 10, Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 15(6)(b)
Citing:
Cited – Regina v Chesterfield Justices and Others, Ex Parte Bramley QBD 10-Nov-1999
When police officers executed a search warrant, it was not proper to remove articles at large, in order later to sift through them, and then to return material not covered by the warrant. There is no absolute prohibition against removing articles . .
Cited – Ghulam Yasim v Secretary of State for the Home Department CA 1996
The court rejected a submission that, in a civil claim, sections 76 to 78 PACE precluded reliance altogether upon any evidence by an interview undertaken without a prior caution. Those exclusionary provisions were confined, the Court made clear, to . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Immigration

Updated: 17 November 2021; Ref: scu.513548

The Bulli Coal Mining Company v Patrick Hill Osbourne and Another: PC 1899

(New South Wales)

[1899] AC 351, [1899] UKPC 13
Bailii
Australia
Cited by:
Cited – Beaman v ARTS Ltd CA 1949
The italian plaintiff had left Egland in 1935 leaving certain valuables with the defendants for safe keeping. During the war, the property was released to the authorities as alien property, who, informed by the defemdant that they were of no value, . .
Mentioned – Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government and Another v Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council SC 6-Apr-2011
The land-owner had planning permission to erect a barn, conditional on its use for agricultural purposes. He built inside it a house and lived there from 2002. In 2006. He then applied for a certificate of lawful use. The inspector allowed it, and . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other

Updated: 17 November 2021; Ref: scu.194818

Elite Property Holdings Ltd and Others v Bdo Llp: ComC 20 Jul 2020

The three Claimant companies asserted that they have sustained loss and damage by reason of an unlawful means conspiracy between B and the Defendant accountants BDO, which led to B foreclosing on various loans made to the Claimants. BDO applies to strike out this claim on each of three grounds, contending: i) that the claim is an abuse of process, because an earlier claim (which I shall call ‘the Barclays claim’) was brought by two of the Claimants against BDO’s alleged co-conspirator Barclays, alleging the same or a very similar conspiracy;
ii) that the claim constitutes an impermissible collateral attack on various findings made in that, earlier, Barclays claim; and is for that reason an abuse of process;
iii) that the statement of case discloses no reasonable grounds for bringing the claim cause of action, and/or that the claim has no real prospect of success, so that it should be struck out, or summary judgment should be granted in the Defendant’s favour.

Nicholas Vineall QC sitting as a Deputy High Court Judge
[2020] EWHC 1937 (Comm)
Bailii
England and Wales

Torts – Other, Litigation Practice

Updated: 17 November 2021; Ref: scu.652967

McDonnell v The Commissioner of Police for The Metropolis and Another: CA 14 May 2015

The claim for damages by a suspected drug dealer for assault arising from the use of excessive force during his arrest failed only on its facts.

Lord Justice Bean
[2015] EWCA Civ 565, [2015] EWCA Civ 573
Bailii, Bailii
England and Wales
Cited by:
Cited – Robinson v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police SC 8-Feb-2018
Limits to Police Exemption from Liability
The claimant, an elderly lady was bowled over and injured when police were chasing a suspect through the streets. As they arrested him they fell over on top of her. She appealed against refusal of her claim in negligence.
Held: Her appeal . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Police, Torts – Other

Updated: 17 November 2021; Ref: scu.548002

Tchenguiz and Another v Rawlinson and Hunter Trustees Sa and Others: QBD 18 Jul 2013

The claimants alleged that the effect of the searches, arrests and investigation and the publicity surrounding them had a disastrous effect on their business interests causing very extensive financial losses and reputational harm; and they now seek damages in these proceedings in the total sum of approximately andpound;300 million. The court now considered applications for orders for disclosure of documents obtained by the defendant under the 1987 Act.

Eder J
[2013] EWHC 2128 (QB), [2014] 1 WLR 147, [2013] WLR(D) 302
Bailii, WLRD
Criminal Law Act 1987
England and Wales

Torts – Other, Litigation Practice

Updated: 17 November 2021; Ref: scu.513400

Benedetti v Sawiris and Others: SC 17 Jul 2013

The claimant appealed against reduction of the sum awarded on his claim for a quantum meruit after helping to facilitate a very substantial business deal for the defendants.
Held: The correct approach to the amount to be paid by way of a quantum meruit where there is no valid and subsisting contract between the parties, is to ask whether the defendant has been unjustly enriched and, if so, to what extent. In a contractual claim however, the focus would in principle be on the intentions of the parties. The Court emphasised the objective nature of a quantum meruit assessment in a claim based on restitution, but were careful to treat as calling for separate consideration the related and perhaps mis-named quantum meruit process, where engaged for the purpose of working out the amount payable under a contract with no expressly agreed price or price formula.
Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony said: ‘It is common ground that the correct approach to the amount to be paid by way of a quantum meruit where there is no valid and subsisting contract between the parties is to ask whether the defendant has been unjustly enriched and, if so, to what extent. The position is different if there is a contract between the parties. Thus, if A consults, say, a private doctor or a lawyer for advice there will ordinarily be a contract between them. Often the amount of his or her remuneration is not spelled out. In those circumstances, assuming there is a contract at all, the law will normally imply a term into the agreement that the remuneration will be reasonable in all the circumstances. A claim for such remuneration has sometimes been referred to as a claim for a quantum meruit. In such a case, while it is no doubt relevant to have regard to the benefit to the defendant, the focus is not on the benefit to the defendant in the way in which it is where there is no such contract. In the contractual claim the focus would in principle be on the intentions of the parties (objectively ascertained).’

Lord Neuberger P, Lord Kerr, Lord Clarke, Lord Wilson, Lord Reed
149 Con LR 1, [2013] 2 All ER (Comm) 801, [2013] 4 All ER 253, [2013] WLR(D) 286, [2013] UKSC 50, [2013] 3 WLR 351, UKSC 2011/0087
Bailii, WLRD, Bailii Summary, SC summary, SC
England and Wales
Citing:
At first instance – Benedetti and Another v Sawiris and Others ChD 15-Jun-2009
The claimant sought payment for his services to the defendants for his work in facilitating a substantial buy out of an Italian energy company.
Held: The claim succeeded on a quantum meruit basis to the extent of 75m euros but not otherwise. . .
First instance consequential judgment – Benedetti and Another v Sawiris and Others ChD 21-Jul-2009
Orders consequential on the main judgement to apportion liability as between the various defendants. . .
Appeal from – Benedetti v Sawiris and Others CA 16-Dec-2010
The claimant had claimed a reward for his role in securing a very substantial business deal for the defendants. The judge had rejected claims in contract but had awarded a sum of 67m Euros on a quantum meruit basis. He appealed saying that the award . .
Cited – Pallant v Morgan ChD 1952
The agents of two neighbouring landowners orally agreed in the auction room that the plaintiff’s agent would refrain from bidding at auction and that the defendant, if his agent’s bid was successful, would divide the land according to an agreed . .
Cited – Banque Financiere De La Cite v Parc (Battersea) Ltd and Others HL 16-Apr-1998
The making of an order for restitution after finding an unjust enrichment by subrogation, is not dependant upon having found any common or unilateral intention of the parties. The House distinguished between contractual subrogation of the kind most . .
Cited – Investment Trust Companies v HM Revenue and Customs ChD 2-Mar-2012
The claimant had properly accounted for VAT on its transactions for many years, but a decision of the European court had latterly ruled that the services were exempt. The claimant sought restitution from HMRC, who responded by arguing that . .
Cited – BP Exploration Co (Libya) Ltd v Hunt (No 2) 1979
The contract between the parties relating to an oil concession in Libya had been frustrated by the nationalisation of the field.
Held: The court considered the setting of damages where the plaintiff had delayed in notifying the defendant of . .
Cited – Boake Allen Ltd and others v HM Revenue and Customs CA 31-Jan-2006
The claimant companies had paid corporation tax under rules which had later been found to be discriminatory. They now sought repayment by virtue of double taxation agreements with the countries in which the parent companies were based.
Held: . .
Cited – Yeoman’s Row Management Ltd and Another v Cobbe HL 30-Jul-2008
The parties agreed in principle for the sale of land with potential development value. Considerable sums were spent, and permission achieved, but the owner then sought to renegotiate the deal.
Held: The appeal succeeded in part. The finding . .
Cited – R McDonald v Coys of Kensington Ltd CA 5-Feb-2004
The claimants were car auctioneers. They had been instructed to sell a car, but to withhold the cherished number plate. By mistake it was transferred with the car. Before the plate could be returned, the defendant had transferred it to his partner. . .
Cited – Sempra Metals Ltd v Inland Revenue Commissioners and Another HL 18-Jul-2007
The parties agreed that damages were payable in an action for restitution, but the sum depended upon to a calculation of interest. They disputed whether such interest should be calculated on a simple or compound basis. The company sought compound . .

Cited by:
Cited – Littlewoods Retail Ltd and Others v HM Revenue and Customs (No 2) ChD 28-Mar-2014
The claimants had recovered very substantial overpayments made of VAT. They sought recovery of compound interest. The ECJ, on reference, said that this was a matter for national law.
Held: The claim succeeded. The sections of the 1994 Act were . .
Cited – Harrison v Madejski and Another CA 28-Mar-2014
. .
Cited – Tallington Lakes Ltd and Others v Larking Gowen CA 9-Jul-2014
The defendant appealed rejection of its defence that a contract with the claimant, its accountant, was on a fixed fee contract. . .
Cited – Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd v Menelaou SC 4-Nov-2015
The bank customers, now appellants, redeemed a mortgage over their property, and the property was transferred to family members, who in turn borrowed from the same lender. A bank employee simply changed the name on the mortgage. This was ineffective . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Torts – Other, Equity

Updated: 15 November 2021; Ref: scu.512424

Collier v Anglian Water Authority: CA 26 Mar 1983

The plaintiff was injured when she tripped over a paving stone on the sea defence wall promenade at Mablethorpe, for which the defendants were responsible.
Held: The defendants were responsible for the area under the Act as occupiers, and accordingly owed the plaintiff a common law duty of care as a visitor and were liable in damages.

Times 26-Mar-1983
Occupiers Liability Act 1957
England and Wales

Torts – Other, Personal Injury

Updated: 14 November 2021; Ref: scu.188811

Ashley and Another v Sussex Police (2): QBD 19 Dec 2008

Eady J
[2008] EWHC 3151 (QB)
Bailii
England and Wales
Citing:
See Also – Ashley and Another v Sussex Police CA 27-Jul-2006
The deceased was shot by police officers raiding his flat in 1998. The claimants sought damages for his estate. They had succeeded in claiming damages for false imprisonment, but now appealed dismissal of their claim for damages for assault and . .

Cited by:
See Also – Ashley and Another v Sussex Police (1) QBD 19-Dec-2008
The court considered the terms under which copies of the Moonstone report could be redacted and disclosed. . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Negligence, Torts – Other

Updated: 12 November 2021; Ref: scu.279944