Application had been made to register as a town or village green an area of land which was largely a boggy marsh. The local authority resisted the application wanting to use the land instead for housing. It then rejected advice it received from a non-statutory enquiry, and sought a declaration from the court as to … Continue reading Oxfordshire County Council v Oxford City Council and others: HL 24 May 2006
Popplewell J said: ‘In general terms, it can be said that the duty of fidelity requires an employee not to engage in competitive activity. Nevertheless, it is legitimate for him to undertake competitive activity as soon as he ceases the employment (in the absence of effective post-termination covenants), and not all preparation for such future … Continue reading Imam-Sadeque v Bluebay Asset Management (Services) Ltd: QBD 10 Dec 2012
The claimants sought damages for damage to property alleging breach of statutory duty. The defendant said that the regulations were made under European not English law, and that the Secretary of State did not have power to make regulations under the 1974 Act which would give rise to a right to damages. The regulations had … Continue reading Vibixa Ltd, Polestar Jowetts Ltd v Komori UK Ltd and Another, Spectral Technology Ltd: CA 9 May 2006
Outer House – Healthcare challenged the award of a framework agreement contract to a competitor contractor. Judges: Lord Hodge Citations: [2012] ScotCS CSOH – 75 Links: Bailii Statutes: Public Contracts (Scotland) Regulations 2006 47A(1)(b)(I), Directive 2004/18/EC Jurisdiction: Scotland Citing: Outer House – Healthcare At Home Ltd v The Common Services Agency SCS 1-Feb-2011 Outer House … Continue reading Healthcare At Home Ltd v The Common Services Agency: SCS 1 May 2012
Challenge to award of contract Judges: Lord Glennie Citations: [2011] ScotCS CSOH – 107, 2011 GWD 22-507, 2011 SLT 815 Links: Bailii Statutes: Public Contract (Scotland) Regulations 2006 Scotland, Health Professions Updated: 15 September 2022; Ref: scu.441321
The claimant trades union sought to challenge the respondent’s decision to outsource various services, saying they had been in breach of the 2006 Regulations. The respondents said that the Regulations did not apply. Held: There may be circumstances where a party other than economic operator may seek to obtain a public law remedy for breach … Continue reading Unison, Regina (on The Application of) and Another v NHS Shared Business Services Ltd and Another: Admn 15 Mar 2012
Outer House – The pursuer sought an order in terms of the Regulation, setting aside the decision of the defender to award the ‘NP 341/10 Trastuzumab Homecare and Near Patient Treatment Services’ Framework Agreement to BUPA Home Healthcare Ltd. Judges: Lord Menzies Citations: [2011] ScotCS CSOH – 22 Links: Bailii Statutes: Public Contracts (Scotland) Regulations … Continue reading Healthcare At Home Ltd v The Common Services Agency: SCS 1 Feb 2011
Judges: Burnett J Citations: [2010] EWHC 3370 (Admin) Links: Bailii Statutes: Public Contracts Regulations 2006 Legal Aid Updated: 31 August 2022; Ref: scu.427394
EAT Transfer of Undertakings – pensions and other termsThe Claimant started to work for the transferor in 1999 where there was no severance pay scheme. She transferred to the Appellant in 2004 where there is a dual scheme providing different benefits to those who ‘joined’ before and after 2002, each increasing with length of service. … Continue reading Computershare Investor Services Plc v Jackson: EAT 15 Dec 2006
EAT Race Discrimination – Jurisdiction. EAT Employment Tribunal held that the dismissal of a probationer pursuant to regulation 13 of the Police Regulations 2003 attracted absolute immunity and therefore precluded the claimant bringing a claim for race and/or religious discrimination arising out of the decision to dismiss dispense with his services. The EAT held that … Continue reading Hasan v Commissioners of Police of the Metropolis: EAT 22 Nov 2006
The defendant employed seasonal workers. They deducted from their salaries before payment, fees for accomodation provided. Held: The deductions reduced the payments below the national minimum wage and were unlawful.Elis J said: ‘I take the purpose here to be specifically the elimination of payment by benefits in kind and a desire to ensure that workers … Continue reading Commissioners of Revenue and Customs v Leisure Employment Services Limited: EAT 28 Mar 2006
EAT Transfer of Undertakings: Transfer and Continuity of Employment Relevant transfer under TUPE – employees dismissed for misconduct with internal appeals pending at date of transfer. Appeals heard by Transferor and allowed; reinstatement directed. Whether employed by Transferor immediately before transfer and employment transferred to Transferee. Judges: His Honour Judge Peter Clark Citations: [2006] UKEAT … Continue reading G4S Justice Services (UK) Ltd v Anstey and others: EAT 30 Mar 2006
EAT The Tribunal erred in law in holding that the Appellant had received the rest breaks to which she was entitled under reg 12 of the Working Time Regulations 1998. Gallagher v Alpha Catering Services Ltd [2005] IRLR 102 applied.The Tribunal erred in law in holding that the Appellant was not working for the purpose … Continue reading MacCartney v Oversley House Management: EAT 31 Jan 2006
The claimant had dual Irish and US nationality. He therefore also was a citizen of the EU. He complained that the British rules against payment of job seekers’ allowance were discriminatory. The matter had already been to the ECJ. Held: The residence test as applied was not in contravention of EU law. ‘[T]he proper interpretation … Continue reading Collins v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions: CA 4 Apr 2006
Under the Marleasing principle, or principle of conforming interpretation, the domestic court of a member state must interpret its national law so far as possible in the light of the wording and purpose of the Directive in question. However this duty is limited and runs ‘so far as is possible’; any reading down must ‘go … Continue reading Revenue and Customs v IDT Card Services Ireland Ltd: CA 27 Jan 2006
The Claimants were employed to deliver food to aircraft at airports, loading and unloading food from the aircraft. Between loadings, they were on down time – not physically working, but required to remain in radio contact with their employers, and at their disposal. The employers argued that since the employees would get 20 minutes’ rest … Continue reading Gallagher and others v Alpha Catering Services Ltd: CA 8 Nov 2004
NATS had tendered unsuccessfully for a contract to provide air traffic control services at Gatrwick airport, and challenged the award. GAL denied that the Regulations applied and now sought disapplication of the automatic suspension from the award of contracts pending resolution. Held: The automatic suspension under the Regulations should not be lifted. The issue of … Continue reading NATS (Services) Ltd v Gatwick Airport Ltd and Another: TCC 2 Oct 2014
The trust, operators of Ashworth Secure Hospital sought from the defendant journalist disclosure of the name of their employee who had revealed to the defendant matters about the holding of Ian Brady, the Moors Murderer, and in particular medical records. Held: The need for involvement by the third party in the source’s wrongdoing is a … Continue reading Mersey Care NHS Trust v Ackroyd: QBD 7 Feb 2006
Doctors working in primary health care teams are subject to the Working Time Directive. They are not to be assimilated as public service workers alongside emergency services. All time on call was working time and overtime if present at a health centre, but if merely contactable then the rules applied to the time actually spent. … Continue reading Sindicato de Medicos de Asistancia Publica (SIMAP) v Colsilieria de Sanidad y Consumo de la Generalidad Valenciana: ECJ 3 Oct 2000
EAT Working Time Regulations – (no sub-topic). Judges: The Honourable Mr Justice Silber Citations: UKEAT/0194/06 Links: EAT Employment Updated: 01 May 2022; Ref: scu.257814
The claimant had served an asset freezing order on the bank in respect of one of its customers. The bank paid out on a cheque inadvertently as to the order. The Commissioners claimed against the bank in negligence. The bank denied any duty of care. Held: The bank’s appeal succeeded. The bank owed a duty … Continue reading HM Customs and Excise v Barclays Bank Plc: HL 21 Jun 2006
Claim a declaration that their exclusion by the Legal Services Commission from a tendering process for the carrying out of publicly funded work in relation to immigration was unlawful. [2010] EWCA Civ 1194, [2011] Eu LR 131 Bailii Public Contracts Regulations 2006 England and Wales Legal Professions, European Updated: 18 January 2022; Ref: scu.425605
The claimant sought damages in defamation in respect of statements made on internet bulletin boards. He pursued the operators of the bulletin boards, and the court now considered the liability of the Internet Service Providers whose systems had inevitably carried the traffic from the bulletin boards to their own customers. Held: The claims were struck … Continue reading Bunt v Tilley and others: QBD 10 Mar 2006
EAT Working Time Regulations – Worker. The Honourable Lady Smith [2006] UKEAT 0079 – 05 – 0803, UKEATS/0079/05 Bailii, EAT England and Wales Cited by: Appeal from – Mcmenemy v Capita Business Services Ltd SCS 30-Mar-2007 . . Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete. Employment Updated: 01 January 2022; Ref: scu.241215
The Law Society challenged the new contract proposed for legal aid providers, saying that the Unified Contract reserved too great powers to alter its terms unilaterally, and was in breach of the European Directive on standards for public procurement contracts. Held: The contract was invalid. Where amendments to the tender criteria or to the contract … Continue reading The Law Society, Regina (on the Application of) v Legal Services Commission: CA 29 Nov 2007
The claimant alleged infringement by the defendant of assorted intellectual property rights in its database. It provided systems for recovering materials deleted from Nokia mobile phones. Held: ‘the present case is concerned with a collection of numerical data . . the individual items of data are not protected by copyright. It follows that the collection … Continue reading Forensic Telecommunications Services Ltd v West Yorkshire Police and Another: ChD 9 Nov 2011
Whitmar claimed damages for breach of contract; an account of profits; damages for breach of fiduciary duty and/or for infringement of its Database Rights under the Copyright and Rights in Database Regulations 1997; and for a permanent injunction restraining the Defendants from using and disclosing its confidential information obtained during their employment by Whitmar. Held: … Continue reading Whitmar Publications Ltd v Gamage and Others: ChD 4 Jul 2013
The claimant solicitors had failed to submit their tender for a new contract in time. The respondent refused to accept the late submission. The claimant said that the respondent had not directly notified it of the deadline and so failed to meet its obligations under the 2006 Act and European law, and that the refusal … Continue reading Azam and Co v Legal Services Commission: ChD 5 May 2010
The company made selections for redundancy, but failed to give the appellants information about how the scoring system had resulted in the figures allocated. The calculations left their representative unable to challenge them on appeal. The procedure adopted did not follow the statutory rules, but the tribunal had found the dismissals to be fair. The … Continue reading Alexander and Hatherley v Bridgen Enterprises Ltd: EAT 12 Apr 2006
Whilst employed by the claimants as a salesman, the defendant came to want to develop his idea for a modular helmet suitable for fire-fighters and others. He took certain steps including showing the proposal confidentially to a competitor, and then left the company. The claimant brought proceedings alleging breach of a duty of confidentiality toward … Continue reading Helmet Integrated Systems Ltd v Tunnard and others: CA 15 Dec 2006
The claimants suffered mesothelioma after contact with asbestos while at work. Their employers pointed to several employments which might have given rise to the condition, saying it could not be clear which particular employment gave rise to the condition. The claimants appealed dismissal of their claim. Held: It is for a claimant to prove that … Continue reading Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd and Others: HL 20 Jun 2002
The victim died on a farm when his dumper truck overturned burying him in its load. Held: The prosecutor needed to establish a prima facie case that the results required by the Act had not been achieved. He need only establish that a risk of injury arose out of the state of affairs at the … Continue reading Chargot Limited (T/A Contract Services) and Others, Regina v: HL 10 Dec 2008
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proposed contract for the provision of cleaning services . .
Challenge to change from Employer Supported Childcare scheme to Tax Free Childcare, and in particular that it would be administered by ational Savings and Investments, saying that as an outside body, that decision should have been dealt with under the 2006 Regulations. Held: The suspension of implementation shold stay: ‘where there is a serious argument, … Continue reading Edenred (UK Group) Ltd, Regina (on The Application of) v HM Treasury and Others: QBD 27 Oct 2014
Challenge to the decision by HM Treasury to use National Savings and Investments to deliver the Government policy of Tax-free Childcare. The claimants said that the 2006 Regulations imposed an obligation to put such contracts out to tender. Held: There had been an original tendering process and the new actions of the respondent could be … Continue reading Edenred (UK Group) Ltd and Another v HM Treasury and Others: SC 1 Jul 2015
The claimant appealed against refusal of its challenge to the manner of implementation by the respondent of a government policy for Tax-Free Child Care. Etherton Ch, Underhill, King LJJ [2015] EWCA Civ 326 Bailii Public Services Regulations 2006, Directive EU No 2004/38 England and Wales Citing: At first instance (1) – Edenred (UK Group) Ltd, … Continue reading Edenred (UK Group) Ltd v HM Treasury and Others: CA 31 Mar 2015
The claimant challenged the means of implementation of the new scheme of tax-free childcare support, saying that the 2006 Regulations should have been applied before the allocation of the administration of the new scheme had been given to the National Savngs and Investments. Held: The MoU between HMRC and NSandI is not a ‘public services … Continue reading Edenred (UK Group) Ltd v Her Majesty’s Treasury and Others: QBD 22 Jan 2015
The claimant had appealed against his exclusion, confirmed by the Special Immigration Appeal Commission. The case had been remitted to the European Court of Justice, which had now made its decision. Held: The essence of the grounds for excluding a European Union national from the United Kingdom must be disclosed by virtue of article 47 … Continue reading ZZ v Secretary of State for The Home Department: CA 24 Jan 2014
Dr M had successfully challenged her dismissal and recovered damages for unfair dismissal and race discrimination. In the interim, Her employer HA had reported the dismissal to the respondent who continued their proceedings despite the decision in her favour. The GMC now said that the availability of judicial review excluded her right to commence proceedings … Continue reading Michalak v General Medical Council and Others: SC 1 Nov 2017
The claimants appealed refusal of an order restricting comparative advertising materials for the defendant’s competing veterinary medicine. The claimant said that the rule against prior restraint applicable to defamation and other tort proceedings did not apply to trade mark infringement. Held: The rule against prior restraint applied to actions involving reputation, but did not apply … Continue reading Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd and others v Vetplus Ltd: CA 20 Jun 2007
The applicants sought to challenge the grant of a permit by the defendant to a company to operate a cement works, saying that the environmental impact assessment was inadequate. Held: The Agency had been justified in allowing the application in the form presented. Nor had there been inadeqate disclosure. Everything which was required to be … Continue reading Edwards, Regina (on the application of) v Environment Agency: HL 16 Apr 2008
The defendant sought to strike out certain parts of the claim against it relating to the tendering process for works on a substantial development. It was said that the defendant had given improper preference for the development of its own site. Held: The requests were denied. The claims were not unarguable, and much remained to … Continue reading Montpellier Estates Ltd v Leeds City Council: QBD 24 Jun 2010
EAT National Minimum Wage Judges: His Hon Judge Birtles Citations: EAT/1097/02, [2003] EAT 1097 – 02 – 0306, [2003] UKEAT 1097 – 02 – 0306 Links: Bailii, Bailii, EAT Statutes: National Minimum Wage Regulations 1999& Jurisdiction: England and Wales Cited by: Reconsidered – MacCartney v Oversley House Management EAT 31-Jan-2006 EAT The Tribunal erred in … Continue reading South Holland District Council v Stamp and 13 others: EAT 14 Apr 2003
The claimant appealed the refusal of her claim for a finding that her dismissal was automatically unfair. She had been employed for less than a year, and had taken several absences to care for her child. She claimed protection saying that her absences had been ‘dependants leave’. Held: When considering such a claim, the tribunal … Continue reading Qua v John Ford Morrison (Solicitors): EAT 14 Jan 2003
The United Kingdom’s ban on homosexuals within the armed forces was a breach of the applicants’ right to respect for their private and family life. Applicants had also been denied an effective remedy under the Convention. The investigations into private lives and sexual activity were intrusive, and given the excessive consequences following, were also striking … Continue reading Smith and Grady v The United Kingdom: ECHR 27 Sep 1999
The female civilian officer alleged sex discrimination against her by a police officer. Her complaint was heard at an internal disciplinary. She alleged sexual harrassment, and was further humiliated by the all male board’s treatment of her complaint. The complaint now was solely as to her treatment by the Board. Held: The body was a … Continue reading Heath v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis: CA 20 Jul 2004
The court considered the compatibility with EU law of regulations 21 and 24 of the 2006 Regulations, and the legality at common law of the appellant’s administrative detention from 3 April until 6 June 2012 and of bail restrictions thereafter until 2 January 2013. The regulations were designed to give effect to the Citizens Directive … Continue reading Nouazli, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 20 Apr 2016
The claimants challenged the procurement methods of the respondent in acquiring land to support a development. The Court considered their standing to bring such proceedings. Held: Arden LJ’s observations in Chandler (and Richards J’s in Kathro) had not been intended to suggest that anyone who did not have an ‘ulterior’ or ‘improper’ motive would have … Continue reading Wylde and Others v Waverley Borough Council: Admn 9 Mar 2017
The Claimant applied for judicial review of the decision of Winchester City Council to authorise variations to a contract with a developer to build a new mixed retail, residential and transport centre in the heart of Winchester city centre. As a councillor, he sought to challenge the decision to authorise variations of a contract between … Continue reading Gottlieb, Regina (on The Application of) v Winchester City Council: Admn 11 Feb 2015
The claimant challenged the scheme set out for procurement when making arrangements with a sponsor for establishing a school as an Academy school. . The main ground of challenge was that the procurement did not comply with the Public Contracts Regulations 2006. Held: Arden LJ dismissed that ground substantively. She went on, however, to consider … Continue reading Chandler, Regina (On the Application of) v Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families: CA 9 Oct 2009
The applicant farmer had substantial volumes of potentially contaminated carcasses on his land. The respondent derogated from the European regulations which would have arranged for the disposal of the carcasses. The respondent challenged the standing of the applicant to seek review of the decision. The judge acknowledged the possibility that the applicant had only his … Continue reading Regina on the Application of Feakins v Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs: CA 4 Nov 2003
The claimant company said that the Council had failed to meet its duties under the Regulations when awarding contracts for public transport services. Judges: Longmore, Eterton LJJ, Sir Richard Buxton Citations: [2011] EWCA Civ 373 Links: Bailii Statutes: Public Contract Regulations 2006 Jurisdiction: England and Wales Contract, Local Government Updated: 06 September 2022; Ref: scu.431893
The court was asked as to the compatibility of provisions in the 1978 Act with the human rights of the appellant. The claimants, Moroccan nationals were employed as domestic staff in embassies in London. They alleged both race discrimination and breach of the 1998 Regulations, saying that the statutory exemption of the Embassies from liability … Continue reading Benkharbouche v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs: SC 18 Oct 2017
The claimant challenged fees which were charged to the respondents on applying to Westminster City Council for sex shop licences for the three years ended 31 January 2011, 2012 and 2013 and which included the council’s costs of enforcing the licensing scheme against unlicensed third parties running sex shops (‘enforcement costs’). The respondents’ applications all … Continue reading Hemming (T/A Simply Pleasure) and Others, Regina (on The Application of) v Westminster City Council: SC 19 Jul 2017
The claimant challenged the award of a contract for maintenance services. Judges: Acton Davis QC Rec Citations: [2014] EWHC 3191 (TCC) Links: Bailii Statutes: Public Contracts Regulations 2006 Jurisdiction: England and Wales Local Government Updated: 16 August 2022; Ref: scu.537525
The claimant challenged a framework agreement proposed by the defendant for the delivery of software application solutions for various national public bodies. Judges: Akenhead J Citations: [2009] EWHC 3419 (TCC), [2010] Eu LR 397, 128 Con LR 36, (2010) 26 Const LJ 191 Links: Bailii Statutes: Public Contracts Regulations 2006 Citing: Cited – Jobsin Co … Continue reading European Dynamics Sa v HM Treasury: TCC 23 Dec 2009
The plaintiff was a manager within the social services department. He suffered a mental breakdown in 1986, and had four months off work. His employers had refused to provide the increased support he requested. He had returned to work, but again, did not receive the staff or guidance to allow him to do the work … Continue reading Walker v Northumberland County Council: QBD 16 Nov 1994
This is an appeal on preliminary points of European Union and domestic law regarding the circumstances in which damages may be recoverable for failure to comply with the requirements of the Public Procurement Directive (Parliament and Council Directive 2004/18/EC on the coordination of procedures for the award of public works contracts, public supply contracts and … Continue reading Nuclear Decommissioning Authority v Energysolutions EU Ltd (Now Called ATK Energy EU Ltd): SC 11 Apr 2017
The claimant had tendered for a part in a major nuclear decommissioning project. Judges: Lord Dyson MR, Tomlinson, Vos LJJ Citations: [2015] EWCA Civ 1262, [2015] WLR (D) 528, 163 Con LR 27, [2016] PTSR 689 Links: Bailii, WLRD Statutes: Public Contracts Regulations 2006 Jurisdiction: England and Wales Citing: Appeal from – Energy Solutions EU … Continue reading Energysolutions EU Ltd v Nuclear Decommissioning Authority: CA 15 Dec 2015
Brent appealed from a finding that it had failed when redirecting a contract for insurance and had no power to become a member or participating member of London Authorities Mutual Limited or to make payments or to enter into commitments to make payments to LAML. Held: The appeals failed. Judges: Pill, Moore-Bick, Hughes LJJ Citations: … Continue reading Brent London Borough Council v Risk Management Partners Ltd: CA 9 Jun 2009
EAT WORKING TIME REGULATIONS: Worker / Holiday PayMr Victor Jozsa (‘the claimant’) entered into a written agreement dated 1 January 2006 with Premier Groundworks Ltd (‘the respondent’) to provide groundwork services. By Clause 13 of the agreement it was provided that:-‘[the claimant] shall have the right to delegate performance of [ground works] services under this … Continue reading Premier Groundworks Ltd v Jozsa: EAT 17 Mar 2009
EAT WORKING TIME REGULATIONS NATIONAL MINIMUM WAGE A care worker in a residential home who was provided with accommodation so that she could discharge her duty to be on call for the residents 11 hours a night, 7 nights a week, was entitled to treat those hours as working time for the purposes of the … Continue reading Hughes v Jones and Another: EAT 3 Oct 2008
The claimant said that its tender had been wrongfully excluded from the defendant’s procurement process. Judges: David Richards J Citations: [2009] EWHC 930 (Ch) Links: Bailii Statutes: Directive 2004/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004, Public Contracts Regulations 2006 (SI 2006 No 5) Jurisdiction: England and Wales Cited by: … Continue reading J B Leadbitter and Co Ltd v Devon County Council: ChD 1 May 2009
Claim for damages – alleged breach of regulations by local council. Held: Brent had acted in breach of the 2006 Regulations when it abandoned the tender process and awarded the insurance contracts to LAML. Issues of causation and damages were reserved. Judges: Stanley Burnton J Citations: [2008] EWHC 1094 (Admin), [2008] LGR 429 Links: Bailii … Continue reading Risk Management Partners Ltd v The London Borough of Brent: Admn 16 May 2008
Several local authorities had come together to establish a mutual insurance company. The defendants issued a tender for insurance, and the claimants complained that though their tender had been most advantageous, the defendant had abandoned the tender toaward the contract to the mutual company. Held: Brent had no power under either section 111 of the … Continue reading Risk Management Partners Ltd, Regina (on the Application of) v The Council of London Borough of Brent: Admn 22 Apr 2008
The action group appealed against refusal of a judicial review of guidelines as to the employment of non-EU doctors, saying that they were in effect immigration rules and issuable only under the 1971 Act. The court had said that since the guidance did not apply to all health services it was principally an employment measure. … Continue reading BAPIO Action Ltd and Another, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department and Another: CA 9 Nov 2007
EAT Equal pay Act – Out of time The claimants before the Employment Tribunal alleged that when they were employed by NUPE, that union had breached their rights under the Equal Pay Act in connection with their pension rights. Subsequently, NUPE transferred to Unison by way of a trade union amalgamation. The claimants brought their … Continue reading Unison v Allen and others: EAT 26 Jul 2007
The claimants had been detained under the 1971 Act, after completing sentences of imprisonment pending their return to their home countries under deportations recommended by the judges at trial, or chosen by the respondent. They challenged as unlawful the respondent’s, at first unpublished, policy introduced in 2006, that by default, those awaiting deportation should be … Continue reading Lumba (WL) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 23 Mar 2011
EAT Practice and Procedure: Appearance/Response, Review and Appellate Jurisdiction/Burns-Barke When a Respondent has been debarred from taking part in proceedings under ET Rule 9, he may request Reasons from the ET for the purpose of an application for review, but not for any other purpose (and, consequently, at least pending any legislative change to Rule … Continue reading NSM Music Ltd v J H Leefe: EAT 14 Dec 2005
It was argued that the Secretary of State, when implementing the Directive in the 2001 Regulations, had exceeded his powers in preserving provisions of the Registered Designs Act. The judge had held the Seceretary had exceeded his powers. The Attorney general now criticised the judge for failing to allow for the extent of Parliamentary scrutiny … Continue reading Oakley Inc v Animal Ltd and others: CA 20 Oct 2005
Each defendant appealed against convictions associated variously with the cultivation or possession of cannabis resin. They sought to plead medical necessity. There had been medical recommendations to move cannabis to the list of drugs which might be prescribed by a doctor, but this had been rejected. Held: The appeals failed. There was no over-arching principle … Continue reading Quayle and others v Regina, Attorney General’s Reference (No. 2 of 2004): CACD 27 May 2005
The claimants challenged the validity of regulations restricting cigarette advertisements, saying that greater exceptions should have been allowed, and that the regulations infringed their commercial right of free speech. Held: The Regulations were lawful. There was a balance to be found between the need for commercial freedom of speech, and the protection of public health. … Continue reading British American Tobacco UK Ltd and Others, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for Health: Admn 5 Nov 2004
The employer was prosecuted under the 1961 Act. Held: the burden of proving that it was not reasonably practicable to make and keep a place of work safe rested upon the defendant employer. If an exception was to be established, it was for the party claiming the exception to establish it. (Majority) Where a linguistic … Continue reading Nimmo v Alexander Cowan and Sons Ltd: HL 1967
Mrs Nolan had been employed at a US airbase. When it closed, and she was made redundant, she complained that the appellant had not consulted properly on the redundancies. The US denied that it had responsibility to consult, and now appealed. Held: The appeal failed (Lord Carnworth dissenting). That the exact situation might not have … Continue reading The United States of America v Nolan: SC 21 Oct 2015
ECJ A beer supply agreement is prohibited by Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty if two cumulative conditions are met. The first is that, having regard to the economic and legal context of the agreement at issue, it is difficult for competitors who could enter the market or increase their market share to gain access … Continue reading Stergios Delimitis v Henninger Brau AG: ECJ 28 Feb 1991
Six appeals concerned a number of aspects of the new Conditional Fee Agreement. Held: It should be normal for a CFA, redacted as necessary, to be disclosed for costs proceedings where a success fee is claimed. If a party seeks to rely on the CFA, as a matter of fairness she should ordinarily be put … Continue reading Hollins v Russell etc: CA 22 May 2003
The Appellant had introduced a system of fining lorry drivers returning to the UK with illegal immigrants hiding away in their trucks. The rules had been found to be in breach of European law and an interference with their human rights. The penalties were substantial, though there existed a system of appeals. Held: The principle … Continue reading Secretary of State for the Home Department v International Transport Roth Gmbh and others: CA 22 Feb 2002
ECJ The provisions of the Treaty relating to the free movement of persons are intended to facilitate the pursuit by Community citizens of occupational activities of all kinds throughout the Community and preclude measures which might place Community citizens at a disadvantage when they wish to pursue an economic activity in the territory of another … Continue reading Regina v Immigration Appeal Tribunal and Surinder Singh, ex parte Secretary of State for the Home Department: ECJ 7 Jul 1992
The claimant had sought damages against his employer, saying that they had failed in their duty to him under the 1997 Act in failing to prevent harassment by a manager. He appealed a strike out of his claim. Held: The appeal succeeded. The issue is whether an employer may be vicariously liable under section 3 … Continue reading Majrowski v Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Trust: CA 16 Mar 2005
The European Court had found the UK to have unlawfully treated differently payment of franked dividends between subsidiaries of UK companies according to whether all the UK subsidiaries were themselves UK based, thus prejudicing European subsidiaries, breach of EU Treaty guarantees of freedom of establishment and of movement of capital. The court was now asked … Continue reading Test Claimants In The Franked Investment Income Group Litigation v Inland Revenue: SC 23 May 2012
The new Regulations and court rules expressly reserved to a costs judge the decision about whether a costs order should be made against the Legal Services Commission. The former practice of the trial judge making this decision must no longer apply. The new rules did not operate to remove the power of the court to … Continue reading Regina (Gunn) v Secretary of State for the Home Department Regina (Kelly) v Same Regina (Zahid Khan) v Same: CA 14 Jun 2001
‘Employment’ in context of a sex discrimination claim referred to a current employment contract even in context of there having been a series of repeated contracts of employment. The question was referred to the European Court of Justice. Judges: Lord Slynn of Hadley, Lord Goff of Chieveley Lord Nolan Lord Hope of Craighead Lord Clyde … Continue reading Preston and Others v Wolverhampton Healthcare NHS and Others; Fletcher and Others v Midland Bank Plc: HL 26 Feb 1998
The house was asked whether it might be correct to stay criminal proceedings as an abuse where for delay. The defendants were prisoners in a prison riot in 1998. The case only came on for trial in 2001, when they submitted that the delay was an abuse. Held: The defendants had a right to a … Continue reading Attorney-General’s Reference (No 2 of 2001): HL 11 Dec 2003
The claimant a boy of three in receipt of disability living allowance (‘DLA’) challenged (through his parents) the withdrawal of that benefit whilst he was in hospital for a period of more than 12 weeks. He had since died. Held: The appeal succeeded. The Regulations infringed the claimant’s rights because the evidence was that in … Continue reading Mathieson v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions: SC 8 Jul 2015
An American citizen, with his ordinary residence and indeed practising the law in New York, took a three-year lease of a furnished shooting lodge in Scotland. He resided at the shooting lodge for a period of two months in each year during the shooting season, but the lodge was available to him for the rest … Continue reading Inland Revenue v Cadwalader: 1904
There is a strong presumption that Parliament will not legislate to prevent individuals affected by legal measures promulgated by executive public bodies having a fair opportunity to challenge these measures and to vindicate their rights in court proceedings doing so. Viscount Simonds said: ‘It is a principle not by any means to be whittled down … Continue reading Pyx Granite Ltd v Ministry of Housing and Local Government: HL 1959
The respondent appealed against a finding that the provision which made a loan agreement completely invalid for lack of compliance with the 1974 Act was itself invalid under the Human Rights Act since it deprived the respondent lender of its property rights. It was also argued that it was not possible to make a declaration … Continue reading Wilson v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry; Wilson v First County Trust Ltd (No 2): HL 10 Jul 2003
The applicant sought a declaration as to the lawfulness of a lottery scheme whilst criminal proceedings were pending against it for the same scheme. Held: It was not necessary to decide whether a declaration as to the criminality or otherwise of future conduct can ever properly be made by a civil court. It would be … Continue reading Imperial Tobacco Ltd v Attorney-General: HL 1980
The claimant appealed after her claim for sex discrimination had failed. She had been dismissed from her position an associate minister of the church. The court had found that it had no jurisdiction, saying that her appointment was not an employment. However the jurisdiction in sex discrimination cases was wider, extending to those who ‘contract … Continue reading Percy v Church of Scotland Board of National Mission: HL 15 Dec 2005
Statutory Duty Not Extended by Common Law The claimant sought damages after a road accident. The driver came over the crest of a hill and hit a bus. The road was not marked with any warning as to the need to slow down. Held: The claim failed. The duty could not be extended to include … Continue reading Gorringe v Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council: HL 1 Apr 2004
The prisoner challenged the decision to place him in segregation under Prison Rule 43. Under rule 43(1) the initial power to segregate was given to ‘the governor’. The case arose from the fact that the governor of one prison had purported to authorise the segregation of a prisoner on his arrival at another prison to … Continue reading Regina v Deputy Governor of Parkhurst Prison, Ex parte Hague, Weldon v Home Office: HL 24 Jul 1991
Presumption of Damage in Defamation is rebuttable The defendant complained that the presumption in English law that the victim of a libel had suffered damage was incompatible with his right to a fair trial. They said the statements complained of were repetitions of statements made by US authorities. The claimant had asserted that no more … Continue reading Dow Jones and Co Inc v Jameel: CA 3 Feb 2005
Statute’s Mischief May be Inspected The House considered limitations upon them in reading statements made in the Houses of Parliament when construing a statute. Held: It is rare that a statute can be properly interpreted without knowing the legislative object. The courts may look outside a statute in order to identify the ‘mischief’ Parliament was … Continue reading Black-Clawson International Ltd v Papierwerke Waldhof Aschaffenburg AG: HL 5 Mar 1975
The court reconsidered the law relating to penalty clauses in contracts. The first appeal, Cavendish Square Holding BV v Talal El Makdessi, raised the issue in relation to two clauses in a substantial commercial contract. The second appeal, ParkingEye Ltd v Beavis, raised the issue at a consumer level, with a separate issue under the … Continue reading Cavendish Square Holding Bv v Talal El Makdessi; ParkingEye Ltd v Beavis: SC 4 Nov 2015
The applicants had each entered the UK with a view to seeking asylum, but having failed to seek asylum immediately, they had been refused any assistance, were not allowed to work and so had been left destitute. Each had claimed asylum on the day following their arrival. Held: The appeal by the Secretary of State … Continue reading Adam, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department; Limbuela v Same; Tesema v Same: HL 3 Nov 2005
Akenhead J said: ‘For many years, the Courts of England and Wales have, with regard to interlocutory or interim injunctions, applied the principles and practice laid down in the well-known case of American Cyanamid Co v Ethicon [1975] AC 396. The first question which must be answered is whether there is a serious question to … Continue reading Exel Europe Ltd v University Hospitals Coventry and Another: TCC 21 Dec 2010
Reference to Parliamentary Papers behind Statute The inspector sought to tax the benefits in kind received by teachers at a private school in having their children educated at the school for free. Having agreed this was a taxable emolument, it was argued as to whether the taxable benefit was the cost to the employer, or … Continue reading Pepper (Inspector of Taxes) v Hart: HL 26 Nov 1992
Banker’s Liability for Negligent Reference The appellants were advertising agents. They were liable themselves for advertising space taken for a client, and had sought a financial reference from the defendant bankers to the client. The reference was negligent, but the bankers denied any assumption of a duty of care to a third party when purely … Continue reading Hedley Byrne and Co Ltd v Heller and Partners Ltd: HL 28 May 1963
This appeal is concerned with the liability of a local authority for what is alleged to have been a negligent failure to exercise its social services functions so as to protect children from harm caused by third parties. The principal question of law which it raises is whether a local authority or its employees may … Continue reading Poole Borough Council v GN and Another: SC 6 Jun 2019
