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SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd (2495): ComC 25 Sep 2019

Post judgment orders Citations: [2019] EWHC 2496 (Comm) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales Citing: See Also – SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd ChD 23-Jul-2010 The court considered the impact of the distinction drawn by Article 9(2) of TRIPS and Article 2 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty between ‘expressions’ and ‘ideas, procedures, methods … Continue reading SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd (2495): ComC 25 Sep 2019

Brauerei A. Bilger Sohne Gmbh v Heinrich Jehle and Marta Jehle. (Policy of The EEC): ECJ 18 Mar 1970

It is possible that an agreement between undertakings, although it does not relate either to imports or to exports between member states within the meaning of article 4(2)(1) of regulation no 17, may affect trade between member states within the meaning of article 85(1) of the eec treaty. Exclusive supply agreements, the execution of which … Continue reading Brauerei A. Bilger Sohne Gmbh v Heinrich Jehle and Marta Jehle. (Policy of The EEC): ECJ 18 Mar 1970

Ministere public and Direction du travail and de l’emploi v Levy (Rec 1993,p I-4287) (SV93-295) (Judgment): ECJ 2 Aug 1993

The national court is under an obligation to ensure that Article 5 of Directive 76/207 on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions is fully complied with by refraining from applying any conflicting provision of national legislation, unless … Continue reading Ministere public and Direction du travail and de l’emploi v Levy (Rec 1993,p I-4287) (SV93-295) (Judgment): ECJ 2 Aug 1993

Biogen v Smithkline Beecham Biologicals: ECJ 26 Feb 1996

ECJ (Order) A natural or legal person who has not sought or been granted leave to intervene before the national court is not entitled to apply for leave to intervene in preliminary ruling proceedings before the Court of Justice in order to submit observations on the question raised by the national court. Article 37 of … Continue reading Biogen v Smithkline Beecham Biologicals: ECJ 26 Feb 1996

Commission v Greece: ECJ 11 Aug 1995

Member States – Obligations – Implementation of directives – Undisputed failure to fulfil obligations – (EC Treaty, Art. 169) Citations: C-260/94, [1995] EUECJ C-260/94 Links: Bailii Statutes: EC Treaty Art 169 European Updated: 03 June 2022; Ref: scu.161433

Secretary of State for Social Security and Chief Adjudication Officer v Graham and others): ECJ 11 Aug 1995

The different pension ages for men and women, and to entitlement to associated invalidity benefits not discriminatory. Community law was not contravened by invalidity benefit being added to a pension. Citations: Times 25-Sep-1995, Ind Summary 09-Oct-1995, C-92/94, [1995] EUECJ C-92/94 Links: Bailii Statutes: EC Treaty Article 177, Directive 79/7/EEC Article 7(1)(a) Benefits, Discrimination, European Updated: … Continue reading Secretary of State for Social Security and Chief Adjudication Officer v Graham and others): ECJ 11 Aug 1995

Gebhard v Consiglio dell’Ordine degli Avvocati e Procuratori di Milano: ECJ 30 Nov 1995

Practice by lawyers in other European jurisdictions were governed by the general principles of freedom of establishment under the Treaty: ‘National measures liable to hinder or make less attractive the exercise of fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the Treaty must fulfil four conditions: they must be applied in a non discriminatory manner; they must be justified … Continue reading Gebhard v Consiglio dell’Ordine degli Avvocati e Procuratori di Milano: ECJ 30 Nov 1995

Specialarbejderforbundet i Danmark v Dansk Industri: ECJ 31 May 1995

Equal pay provisions apply to piece rate work- Employer to justify differences. where significant statistics disclose an appreciable difference in pay between two jobs of equal value, one of which is carried out almost exclusively by women and the other predominantly by men, so that there is a prima facie case of sex discrimination, article … Continue reading Specialarbejderforbundet i Danmark v Dansk Industri: ECJ 31 May 1995

BP Supergas Anonimos Etairia Geniki Emporiki-Viomichaniki kai Antiprossopeion v Greece: ECJ 6 Jul 1995

Europa Under the procedure for a preliminary ruling provided for in Article 177 of the Treaty it is for the national courts alone, before which the proceedings are pending and which must assume responsibility for the judgment to be given, to determine, having regard to the particular features of each case, both the need for … Continue reading BP Supergas Anonimos Etairia Geniki Emporiki-Viomichaniki kai Antiprossopeion v Greece: ECJ 6 Jul 1995

Richard Pool v Council of the European Communities (Rec 1980,P 569) (Gr80-I 0295) (Judgment): ECJ 4 Mar 1980

Europa 1. Non-contractual liability – conditions – illegality – damage – chain of causality (EEC Treaty, art. 215, second paragraph)2. Agriculture – common organization of the markets – beef and veal – price system – right of producers to precise price levels of community rules – none (regulation no 805/68 of the council) 1. The … Continue reading Richard Pool v Council of the European Communities (Rec 1980,P 569) (Gr80-I 0295) (Judgment): ECJ 4 Mar 1980

Beloit Technologies Inc and Another v Valmet Paper Machinery Inc and Another: ChD 12 May 1995

The judge urged that the Convention should be incorporated into English law without rephrasing difficult clauses: ‘it helps no-one for the Parliamentary draftsman to re-write matter in a treaty or convention (or EU directive for that matter) which is to be implemented in the United Kingdom. If the language of the basic document is obscure … Continue reading Beloit Technologies Inc and Another v Valmet Paper Machinery Inc and Another: ChD 12 May 1995

Synthon Bv v Smithkline Beecham Plc: HL 20 Oct 2005

Synthon filed an international application for a patent. Before it was published, SB filed a similar application in the UK patents registry. Synthon had applied for the UK patent granted to SB to be revoked. Jacob J had found that the reader of the application, seeking to crystallise PMS, would be able to overcome any … Continue reading Synthon Bv v Smithkline Beecham Plc: HL 20 Oct 2005

Ali v Secretary of State for the Home Department: CA 3 May 2006

The applicants sought asylum. Their child had a right of residence as a European citizen. Held: The applicants could not rely upon their child’s right of residence to establish one for themselves. Judges: Lord Justice Keene Lord Justice May Lord Justice Wall Citations: Times 07-Jun-2006, [2006] EWCA Civ 484 Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales … Continue reading Ali v Secretary of State for the Home Department: CA 3 May 2006

Regina v Disciplinary Committee of the Jockey Club, ex parte Aga Khan: CA 4 Dec 1992

No Judicial Review of Decisions of Private Body Despite the wide range of its powers, the disciplinary committee of the Jockey Club remains a domestic tribunal. Judicial review is not available to a member. The relationship is in contract between the club and its member. Sir Thomas Bingham MR said: ‘No serious racecourse management, owner, … Continue reading Regina v Disciplinary Committee of the Jockey Club, ex parte Aga Khan: CA 4 Dec 1992

Armstrong and others v Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Hospital Trust: CA 21 Dec 2005

The claimants claimed equal pay, asserting use of particular comparators. The Trust said that there was a genuine material factor justifying the difference in pay. Held: To constitute a single source for the purpose of article 141, it is not enough for the non-RVI claimants to show that they have the same employer as the … Continue reading Armstrong and others v Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Hospital Trust: CA 21 Dec 2005

Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard (Rec 1993,p I-6097) (SV93-431) (Judgment): ECJ 24 Nov 1993

Free movement of goods – Prohibition of resale at a loss. A national law is fair if the rules it applies deal equally to imported and home goods. Europa Free movement of goods – Quantitative restrictions – Measures having equivalent effect – Concept – Obstacles to trade resulting from disparities between national legislation laying down … Continue reading Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard (Rec 1993,p I-6097) (SV93-431) (Judgment): ECJ 24 Nov 1993

SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: CA 12 May 2020

Appeal from refusal of continuance of anti-suit injunction Judges: Flaux, Males, Popplewell LJJ Citations: [2020] EWCA Civ 599, A4/2019/2516, A4/2019/2516(A) Links: Bailii, udiciary Jurisdiction: England and Wales Citing: See Also – SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd ChD 23-Jul-2010 The court considered the impact of the distinction drawn by Article 9(2) of TRIPS and … Continue reading SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: CA 12 May 2020

SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd (Injunction): ComC 25 Sep 2019

Continuation of anti-suit injunction – refused Judges: Cockerill J Citations: [2019] EWHC 2481 (Comm) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales Citing: See Also – SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd ChD 23-Jul-2010 The court considered the impact of the distinction drawn by Article 9(2) of TRIPS and Article 2 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty … Continue reading SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd (Injunction): ComC 25 Sep 2019

SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: ComC 13 Dec 2018

SAS sought to enforce its North Carolina judgment which was contrary to decisions already made by the UK and European Courts. Held: Cockerill J held that the terms of the contract which purported to prohibit WPL’s conduct constituted a fundamental building block for the fraud claim and that without it that claim – as it … Continue reading SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: ComC 13 Dec 2018

SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: ECJ 2 May 2012

ECJ (Grand Chamber) Intellectual property – Directive 91/250/EEC – Legal protection of computer programs – Articles 1(2) and 5(3) – Scope of protection – Creation directly or via another process – Computer program protected by copyright – Reproduction of the functions by a second program without access to the source code of the first program … Continue reading SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: ECJ 2 May 2012

SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: ECJ 29 Nov 2011

ECJ Opinion – Intellectual property – Directive 91/250/EEC – Directive 2001/29/EC – Legal protection of computer programs – Creation of various programs including the functionalities of another computer program without access to the latter’s source code Judges: Bot AG Citations: C-406/10, [2011] EUECJ C-406/10 Links: Bailii Statutes: Directive 91/250/EEC, Directive 2001/29/EC Jurisdiction: European Citing: At … Continue reading SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: ECJ 29 Nov 2011

SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: ChD 22 Nov 2010

The parties sought to agree the terms of a reference to the European Court of Justice. Judges: Arnold J Citations: [2010] EWHC 3012 (Ch), [2011] 2 CMLR 9, [2011] FSR 12, [2011] Eu LR 303 Links: Bailii Statutes: Council Directive 91/250/EEC of 14 May 1991 on the legal protection of computer programs Jurisdiction: England and … Continue reading SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: ChD 22 Nov 2010

SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: ChD 23 Jul 2010

The court considered the impact of the distinction drawn by Article 9(2) of TRIPS and Article 2 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty between ‘expressions’ and ‘ideas, procedures, methods of operation and mathematical concepts as such’ on domestic copyright law. Held: Arnold J said: ‘Skill, judgement and labour in devising ideas, procedures, methods of operation and … Continue reading SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: ChD 23 Jul 2010

Edwards, Regina (on the application of) v Environment Agency: HL 16 Apr 2008

The applicants sought to challenge the grant of a permit by the defendant to a company to operate a cement works, saying that the environmental impact assessment was inadequate. Held: The Agency had been justified in allowing the application in the form presented. Nor had there been inadeqate disclosure. Everything which was required to be … Continue reading Edwards, Regina (on the application of) v Environment Agency: HL 16 Apr 2008

Quark Fishing Ltd, Regina (on the Application Of) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs: Admn 22 Jul 2003

The respondent had failed to renew the claimant’s license to fish in the South Atlantic for Patagonian Toothfish. The refusal had been found to be unlawful. The claimant now sought damages. Held: English law does not generally provide a remedy in damages for a breach of a public law right. There must exist a private … Continue reading Quark Fishing Ltd, Regina (on the Application Of) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs: Admn 22 Jul 2003

Amministrazione Delle Finanze Dello Stato v Sas Mediterranea Importazione, Rappresentanze, Esportazione, Commercio (Mireco).: ECJ 10 Jul 1980

ECJ 1. The prohibition on the levying of charges having an effect equivalent to customs duties, whether it has its origin in the general rule contained in article 13 of the treaty with effect from 1 january 1970, at the end of the transitional period, or in the special provision of article 12 of regulation … Continue reading Amministrazione Delle Finanze Dello Stato v Sas Mediterranea Importazione, Rappresentanze, Esportazione, Commercio (Mireco).: ECJ 10 Jul 1980

Sony Computer Entertainment Europe Ltd v Customs and Excise: ChD 27 Jul 2005

The appellants had imported Playstation computer games. They appealed refusal of a rebate of 50 million euros paid in VAT before a reclassification of the equipment so as to make it exempt from VAT. Held: ‘The effect of the annulment of a Community act under Articles 230 and 231 EC Treaty is to render that … Continue reading Sony Computer Entertainment Europe Ltd v Customs and Excise: ChD 27 Jul 2005

Attheraces Ltd and Another v British Horse Racing Board and Another: ChD 21 Dec 2005

The claimants relayed horse racing events to bookmakers. The respondents collected data about the races and horses. The claimants sought the freedom to use that data, and the defendants asserted a database right to control such use. Held: BHB controlled the market, and by threatening to terminate the licence of the claimant had abused that … Continue reading Attheraces Ltd and Another v British Horse Racing Board and Another: ChD 21 Dec 2005

Machado v Secretary of State for the Home Deptment: CA 19 May 2005

At issue was a decision of the Home Secretary to deport on grounds of public policy a foreign national married to an EU national with a right of establishment in the United Kingdom. The substantive issue was whether the decision of the IAT to uphold the adjudicator’s rejection of an appeal against a decision to … Continue reading Machado v Secretary of State for the Home Deptment: CA 19 May 2005

Vroege v Nciv Instituut Voor Volkshuisvesting Bv and Stichting Pensioenfonds Nciv: ECJ 28 Sep 1994

1. Social policy – Male and female workers – Equal pay – Pay – Concept – Right to join a private occupational pension scheme – Included – Exclusion of married women from membership – Not permissible – Exclusion of part-time workers – Part-time staff composed principally of women – Not permissible where there is no … Continue reading Vroege v Nciv Instituut Voor Volkshuisvesting Bv and Stichting Pensioenfonds Nciv: ECJ 28 Sep 1994

Attorney-General v Guardian Newspapers Ltd (No 2) (‘Spycatcher’): HL 13 Oct 1988

Loss of Confidentiality Protection – public domain A retired secret service employee sought to publish his memoirs from Australia. The British government sought to restrain publication there, and the defendants sought to report those proceedings, which would involve publication of the allegations made. The AG sought to restrain those publications. Held: A duty of confidence … Continue reading Attorney-General v Guardian Newspapers Ltd (No 2) (‘Spycatcher’): HL 13 Oct 1988

Nuclear Decommissioning Authority v Energysolutions EU Ltd (Now Called ATK Energy EU Ltd): SC 11 Apr 2017

This is an appeal on preliminary points of European Union and domestic law regarding the circumstances in which damages may be recoverable for failure to comply with the requirements of the Public Procurement Directive (Parliament and Council Directive 2004/18/EC on the coordination of procedures for the award of public works contracts, public supply contracts and … Continue reading Nuclear Decommissioning Authority v Energysolutions EU Ltd (Now Called ATK Energy EU Ltd): SC 11 Apr 2017

SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: CA 21 Nov 2013

The court was asked as to the extent to which the developer of a computer program may lawfully replicate the functions of an existing computer program; and the materials that he may lawfully use for that purpose. SAS had produced a computer software language and system for statistical analysis, together with supporting manuals. The defendants … Continue reading SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: CA 21 Nov 2013

SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: ChD 25 Jan 2013

The parties disputed the extent to which elements of the claimant’s software package could be used by the defendants. SAS had written software including its own computer language to create a data processing environment. The defendants had wanted to produce software it could sell in competition which, for the same inputs would produce the same … Continue reading SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd: ChD 25 Jan 2013

HM Revenue and Customs v Epson Telford Ltd: ChD 4 May 2007

The parties disputed whether inkjet printer cartridges were to be classsified on import as parts of printers, and free of duty, or as ink and subject to duty. Held: ‘I can see no reason why the advances in design and technology incorporated into the G2 and G3 cartridges should make it any less appropriate to … Continue reading HM Revenue and Customs v Epson Telford Ltd: ChD 4 May 2007

Commission v United Kingdom: ECJ 24 Jan 2002

Europa Failure by a Member State to fulfil its obligations – Environment – Waste -Directives – Waste management plans. ‘The United Kingdom does not dispute its alleged failure to meet its obligations. It admits that, during the period under consideration, it failed to adopt and/or notify waste management plans capable of covering the entire territory … Continue reading Commission v United Kingdom: ECJ 24 Jan 2002

Sharp v Caledonia Group Services Ltd: EAT 1 Nov 2005

EAT Equal Pay Act – Material factor defence – In an equal pay claim involving a presumption of direct discrimination the genuine material factor defence requires justification by objective criteria.The claimant appealed dismissal of her action for equal pay, saying that the ‘material factor’ defence used to justify a different payment had been incorrectly applied. … Continue reading Sharp v Caledonia Group Services Ltd: EAT 1 Nov 2005

International Transport Workers’ Federation and Another v Viking Line Abp and Another: CA 3 Nov 2005

An order had been made restraining the defendant trades unions from taking industrial action. The unions said the UK court had no jurisdiction. Held: ‘It is at first sight surprising that the English Commercial Court should be the forum in which a dispute between a Finnish company and a Finnish Trade Union and an international … Continue reading International Transport Workers’ Federation and Another v Viking Line Abp and Another: CA 3 Nov 2005

Revenue and Customs v Jacobs: CA 22 Jul 2005

The taxpayer had converted a former residentional boarding school into a substantial private residence. He had sought to claim over andpound;300,000 VAT inputs. The Commissioners appealed the finding that he was so entitled. Held: ‘works constitute a residential conversion to the. extent only that they consist in the conversion of a non-residential (part of a) … Continue reading Revenue and Customs v Jacobs: CA 22 Jul 2005

Hockenjos v Secretary of State for Social Security (No 2): CA 21 Dec 2004

The claimant shared child care with his former partner, but claimed that the system which gave the job-seeker’s child care supplement to one party only was discriminatory. Held: In such cases the supplement usually went to the mother, and this had a diverse impact on men. It was for the Secretary of State to justify … Continue reading Hockenjos v Secretary of State for Social Security (No 2): CA 21 Dec 2004

Canal Satelite Digital SL v Adminstracion General del Estado, and Distribuidora de Television Digital SA (DTS): ECJ 22 Jan 2002

The complainant company manufactured lawful TV decoders. It complained that Spain applied a requirement for prior approval before they could be used in Spain. They complained that the system operated to restrict the free movement of goods within the Community. Held: The scheme did infringe the right of free movement of goods, but the court … Continue reading Canal Satelite Digital SL v Adminstracion General del Estado, and Distribuidora de Television Digital SA (DTS): ECJ 22 Jan 2002

Commission v Finlande C-469/98: ECJ 5 Nov 2002

(Judgment) Failure by a Member State to fulfil its obligations – Conclusion and application by a Member State of a bilateral ‘open skies’ agreement with the United States of America – Secondary legislation governing the internal air transport market (Regulations (EEC) Nos 2299/89, 2407/92, 2408/92, 2409/92 and 95/93) – External competence of the Community – … Continue reading Commission v Finlande C-469/98: ECJ 5 Nov 2002

Ministere Public v Tournier: ECJ 13 Jul 1989

1 Free movement of goods – Industrial and commercial property – Copyright – Protection – Limits – Sound-recordings marketed in a Member State with the consent of the author – Importation into another Member State – Objection or restriction relating to the charging of a copyright royalty – Not permissibility (EEC Treaty, Art 30) 2 … Continue reading Ministere Public v Tournier: ECJ 13 Jul 1989

Spa Vinal v Spa Orbat: ECJ 14 Jan 1981

ECJ 1. In its present stage of development community law does not restrict the freedom of each member state to lay down tax arrangements which differentiate between certain products on the basis of objective criteria, such as the nature of the raw materials used or the production processes employed. Such differentiation is compatible with community … Continue reading Spa Vinal v Spa Orbat: ECJ 14 Jan 1981

Just I/S v Danish Ministry For Fiscal Affairs: ECJ 27 Feb 1980

ECJ Whilst the treaty does not exclude, in principle, a difference in the taxation of various alcoholic products, such a distinction may not be used for the purposes of tax discrimination or in such a manner as to afford protection, even indirect, to domestic production. A system which consists in conferring a tax advantage on … Continue reading Just I/S v Danish Ministry For Fiscal Affairs: ECJ 27 Feb 1980

Commission v Denmark C-467/98: ECJ 5 Nov 2002

(Judgment) Failure by a Member State to fulfil its obligations – Conclusion and application by a Member State of a bilateral ‘open skies’ agreement with the United States of America – Secondary legislation governing the internal air transport market (Regulations (EEC) Nos 2299/89, 2407/92, 2408/92, 2409/92 and 95/93) – External competence of the Community – … Continue reading Commission v Denmark C-467/98: ECJ 5 Nov 2002

Miller and Another, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for Exiting The European Union: SC 24 Jan 2017

Parliament’s Approval if statute rights affected In a referendum, the people had voted to leave the European Union. That would require a notice to the Union under Article 50 TEU. The Secretary of State appealed against an order requiring Parliamentary approval before issuing the notice, he saying that the notice could be given under the … Continue reading Miller and Another, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for Exiting The European Union: SC 24 Jan 2017

Micula and Others v Romania: SC 19 Feb 2020

The appellant sought to enforce a international arbitration award against the respondent. The award was made under an arrangement which later became unlawful on Romania’s accession to the EU, and Romania obtained s stay pending resolution by the CJEU. Held: The stay was lifted. Judges: Lady Hale, Lord Reed, Lord Hodge, Lord Lloyd-Jones, Lord Sales … Continue reading Micula and Others v Romania: SC 19 Feb 2020

Commission v Suede: ECJ 5 Nov 2002

(Judgment) Failure by a Member State to fulfil its obligations – Conclusion and application by a Member State of a bilateral ‘open skies’ agreement with the United States of America – Secondary legislation governing the internal air transport market (Regulations (EEC) Nos 2299/89, 2407/92, 2408/92, 2409/92 and 95/93) – External competence of the Community – … Continue reading Commission v Suede: ECJ 5 Nov 2002

Mouflin: ECJ 13 Dec 2001

Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Equal treatment for men and women – Applicability of Article 119 of the EC Treaty (Articles 117 to 120 of the EC Treaty have been replaced by Articles 136 EC to 143 EC) or Directive 79/7/EEC – French civil and military retirement pension scheme – Entitlement … Continue reading Mouflin: ECJ 13 Dec 2001

Khalil, Chabaan, Osseili v Bundesantalt fir Arbeit: ECJ 11 Oct 2001

(Social security for migrant workers) Social security – Article 51 of the EEC Treaty (later Article 51 of the EC Treaty and now, after amendment, Article 42 EC) – Article 2(1) of Regulation (EEC) No 1408/71 – Stateless persons – Refugees Citations: [2001] ECR I-7413, [2001] EUECJ C-95/99, C-95/99, [2001] 3 CMLR 50 Links: Bailii … Continue reading Khalil, Chabaan, Osseili v Bundesantalt fir Arbeit: ECJ 11 Oct 2001

Cabour and Nord Distribution Automobile v Arnor ‘SOCO’: ECJ 30 Apr 1998

ECJ (Judgment) Competition – Vehicle distribution – Validity of exclusive dealership agreement – Article 85(1) and (3) of the EC Treaty – Regulation (EEC) No 123/85 – Regulation (EC) No 1475/95 Citations: [1998] EUECJ C-230/96, C-230/96, [1998] EUECJ C-230/96 Links: Bailii European, Commercial Updated: 03 June 2022; Ref: scu.161905

Garofalo and others v Ministero della Sanita and USL no 58 di Palermo: ECJ 16 Oct 1997

ECJ Article 177 of the EC Treaty – Jurisdiction – Court of one of the Member States – Extraordinary petition to the President of the Italian Republic – Compulsory opinion of the Consiglio di Stato – Directives 86/457/EEC and 93/16/EEC – Specific training in general medical practice – Rights acquired before 1 January 1995 Citations: … Continue reading Garofalo and others v Ministero della Sanita and USL no 58 di Palermo: ECJ 16 Oct 1997

Futura Participations and Singer v Administration des contributions: ECJ 15 May 1997

ECJ (Judgment) 1 Freedom of movement for persons – Freedom of establishment – Equal treatment – Direct taxation – Revenue tax – Legislation of a Member State making the carrying forward of losses incurred by a non-resident taxpayer subject to the existence of an economic link between those losses and the income earned in that … Continue reading Futura Participations and Singer v Administration des contributions: ECJ 15 May 1997

Binder v Hauptzollamt Stuttgart-West: ECJ 13 Jun 1996

ECJ 1. Acts of the institutions – Statement of reasons – Obligation – Scope – Regulations establishing protective measures applicable to imports of products covered by the common organization of the market in products processed from fruit and vegetables 2. Agriculture – Common organization of the markets – Products processed from fruit and vegetables – … Continue reading Binder v Hauptzollamt Stuttgart-West: ECJ 13 Jun 1996

Commission v United Kingdom (Judgment): ECJ 8 Jun 1994

ECJ Despite the limited character of the harmonization of rules in respect of collective redundancies which Directive 75/129 was intended to bring about, national rules which, by not providing for a system for the designation of workers’ representatives in an undertaking where an employer refuses to recognize such representatives, allow an employer to frustrate the … Continue reading Commission v United Kingdom (Judgment): ECJ 8 Jun 1994

Compagnie commerciale de l’Ouest v Receveur principal des douanes de La Pallice-Port: ECJ 11 Mar 1992

A parafiscal charge applied under the same conditions as regards its collection to both domestic and imported products, the revenue from which is used for the benefit of domestic products only, so that the advantages accruing from it wholly offset the charge borne by those products, constitutes a charge having an effect equivalent to customs … Continue reading Compagnie commerciale de l’Ouest v Receveur principal des douanes de La Pallice-Port: ECJ 11 Mar 1992

Vlassopoulou v Ministerium fur Justiz, Bundes- u Europaangelegenheiten Baden-Wurttemberg: ECJ 7 May 1991

The authorities of a Member State when considering a request by a national of another Member State for authorisation to exercise a regulated profession, must take into consideration the professional qualification of the person concerned by making a comparison between the qualifications certified by his diplomas, certificates and other formal qualifications and the professional qualifications … Continue reading Vlassopoulou v Ministerium fur Justiz, Bundes- u Europaangelegenheiten Baden-Wurttemberg: ECJ 7 May 1991

Test Claimants In The Franked Investment Income Group Litigation v Inland Revenue: SC 23 May 2012

The European Court had found the UK to have unlawfully treated differently payment of franked dividends between subsidiaries of UK companies according to whether all the UK subsidiaries were themselves UK based, thus prejudicing European subsidiaries, breach of EU Treaty guarantees of freedom of establishment and of movement of capital. The court was now asked … Continue reading Test Claimants In The Franked Investment Income Group Litigation v Inland Revenue: SC 23 May 2012

FMX Food Merchants Import Export Co Ltd v Revenue and Customs: SC 29 Jan 2020

This appeal concerns the meaning and effect of the phrase ‘Customs Debt’ in article 221(4) of the former Customs Code of the EU, contained in Council Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92. Customs duties may be due under ‘post-clearance demands’ and the Court now considered the time limits for such demands. The tax payer imported garlic, saying … Continue reading FMX Food Merchants Import Export Co Ltd v Revenue and Customs: SC 29 Jan 2020

Susan Jane Worringham and Margaret Humphreys v Lloyds Bank Limited: ECJ 11 Mar 1981

Europa A contribution to a retirement benefits scheme which is paid by an employer on behalf of employees by means of an addition to the gross salary and which therefore helps to determine the amount of that salary constitutes ‘pay’ within the meaning of the second paragraph of article 119 of the EEC treaty. Directive … Continue reading Susan Jane Worringham and Margaret Humphreys v Lloyds Bank Limited: ECJ 11 Mar 1981

Commission of the European Communities v Italian Republic (Judgment): ECJ 1 Jul 1969

Europa 1. Customs duties – elimination – purpose (EEC treaty, articles 9, 12) 2. Customs duties – elimination – charges having equivalent effect – concept – identity in the treaty and in the regulations – national taxation and charges having equivalent effect – distinction (EEC treaty, articles 9, 12, 95) 3. Customs duties – elimination … Continue reading Commission of the European Communities v Italian Republic (Judgment): ECJ 1 Jul 1969

Milch-, Fett- und Eierkontor GmbH v Hauptzollamt Saarbrucken (Judgment): ECJ 24 Jun 1969

Europa An interpretation given by the court of justice under article 177 of the EEC treaty binds the national court hearing the case concerned. It is for the national court, however, to decide whether it is sufficiently enlightened by the preliminary ruling given or whether it is necessary to make a further reference to the … Continue reading Milch-, Fett- und Eierkontor GmbH v Hauptzollamt Saarbrucken (Judgment): ECJ 24 Jun 1969

Zuckerfabrik Watenstedt GmbH v Council of the European Communities (Judgment): ECJ 11 Jul 1968

Europa Measures adopted by an institution – regulation – concept (EEC treaty, article 189). A measure which is applicable to objectively determined situations and which involves legal consequences for categories of persons viewed in a general and abstract manner constitutes a regulation. Cf. Paragraph 3, summary, joined cases 16 and 17/62, (1962) ECR 471. A … Continue reading Zuckerfabrik Watenstedt GmbH v Council of the European Communities (Judgment): ECJ 11 Jul 1968

Sirdar v Army Board and Another: ECFI 27 Oct 1999

It was possible for the Royal Marine unit to exclude the employment of a woman as a chef. The requirement not to discriminate was overriding save where the nature of the work makes the sex of the worker a determining factor. The nature and rules of a marine unit, required interoperability, in that any member … Continue reading Sirdar v Army Board and Another: ECFI 27 Oct 1999

Brown v Rentokil Ltd: ECJ 30 Jun 1998

Dismissal for any illness associated with pregnancy is for a sex related reason, and is discriminatory, and unlawful irrespective of the contractual right being otherwise applied equally to men suffering illness. Pregnancy is a period during which disorders and complications may arise compelling a woman to undergo strict medical supervision and, in some cases, to … Continue reading Brown v Rentokil Ltd: ECJ 30 Jun 1998

Regina v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry Ex Parte Trades Union Congress: CA 17 Oct 2000

Where a court referred an issue to the European Court, it was for that court in its discretion to decide whether interim relief might be granted, and an appellate court should not normally interfere in that exercise. The considerations for such a grant of interim relief pending a reference had been fully set out by … Continue reading Regina v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry Ex Parte Trades Union Congress: CA 17 Oct 2000

Raymond Vander Elst v Office des Migrations Internationales: ECJ 1994

A Belgian service provider brought its Moroccan workers to France in order to carry out a demolition contract. The workers had been ‘lawfully and habitually employed’ in Belgium and they intended to return to Belgium after completion of the project. The French employment inspectors considered that Mr Vander Elst had infringed certain articles of the … Continue reading Raymond Vander Elst v Office des Migrations Internationales: ECJ 1994

Wilson v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry; Wilson v First County Trust Ltd (No 2): HL 10 Jul 2003

The respondent appealed against a finding that the provision which made a loan agreement completely invalid for lack of compliance with the 1974 Act was itself invalid under the Human Rights Act since it deprived the respondent lender of its property rights. It was also argued that it was not possible to make a declaration … Continue reading Wilson v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry; Wilson v First County Trust Ltd (No 2): HL 10 Jul 2003

Routier and Another v Revenue and Customs: SC 16 Oct 2019

A Jersey Charity created under a will of a Jersey resident was transfer to the UK, and reregistered with the UK Charity Commission. The Revenue sought to apply Inheritance Tax. Held: Jersey was to be considered a third country for the purpose of a transfer of capital from the United Kingdom. The restriction of relief … Continue reading Routier and Another v Revenue and Customs: SC 16 Oct 2019

Ordre des avocats au Barreau de Paris v Onno Klopp: ECJ 12 Jul 1984

Europa In laying down that freedom of establishment shall be attained at the end of the transitional period, article 52 imposes an obligation to attain a precise result the fulfilment of which must be made easier by, but not made dependent on, the implementation of a programme of progressive measures. Consequently the fact that the … Continue reading Ordre des avocats au Barreau de Paris v Onno Klopp: ECJ 12 Jul 1984

Criminal proceedings against Herbert Gilli and Paul Andres: ECJ 26 Jun 1980

In the absence of common rules relating to the production and marketing of a product it is for member states to regulate all matters relating to its production, distribution and consumption on their own territory subject, however, to the condition that those rules do not present an obstacle, directly or indirectly, actually or potentially, to … Continue reading Criminal proceedings against Herbert Gilli and Paul Andres: ECJ 26 Jun 1980

Firma Kunstmuhle Tivoli v Hauptzollamt Wurzburg (Judgment): ECJ 4 Apr 1968

Europa 1. Policy of the EEC – common rules – tax provisions – imports from third countries – inapplicability of article 95 of the EEC treaty 2. Agriculture – common agricultural policy – common organization of the markets – turnover equalization tax – not a charge having an effect equivalent to that of custom duties … Continue reading Firma Kunstmuhle Tivoli v Hauptzollamt Wurzburg (Judgment): ECJ 4 Apr 1968

Firma Milch-, Fett- und Eierkontor GmbH v Hauptzollamt Saarbrucken (Judgment): ECJ 4 Apr 1968

Europa 1. Policy of the EEC – common rules – tax provisions – cumulative multi-stage tax – average rates for imported products within the meaning of the first paragraph of article 97 – no individual rights 2. Policy of the EEC – common rules – tax provisions – cumulative multi-stage tax – average rates for … Continue reading Firma Milch-, Fett- und Eierkontor GmbH v Hauptzollamt Saarbrucken (Judgment): ECJ 4 Apr 1968

Firma Fink-Frucht GmbH v Hauptzollamt Munchen-Landsbergerstrasse: ECJ 4 Apr 1968

Europa 1. Policy of the EEC – common rules – tax provisions – internal taxation imposed by one member state on products from other member states – absence of similar domestic products or other products capable of being protected – permissibility (EEC treaty, article 95) 2. Quantitative restrictions and taxes – different nature – joint … Continue reading Firma Fink-Frucht GmbH v Hauptzollamt Munchen-Landsbergerstrasse: ECJ 4 Apr 1968

Firma Molkerei-Zentrale Westfalen/Lippe GmbH v Hauptzollamt Paderborn: ECJ 3 Apr 1968

Europa 1. European economic community – nature – natural or legal persons having rights and obligations – individuals – provisions of the treaty having direct effect – concept 2. Policy of the EEC – common rules – tax provisions – internal taxation imposed by one member state on products from other member states – prohibition … Continue reading Firma Molkerei-Zentrale Westfalen/Lippe GmbH v Hauptzollamt Paderborn: ECJ 3 Apr 1968

Firma August Stier v Hauptzollamt Hamburg-Ericus (Judgment): ECJ 4 Apr 1968

Europa 1. Policy of the EEC – common rules – tax provisions – taxation – taxation forming part of a general tax applying without distinction to domestic and imported products – nature of internal taxation (EEC treaty, article 95) 2. Policy of the EEC – common rules – tax provisions – internal taxation imposed by … Continue reading Firma August Stier v Hauptzollamt Hamburg-Ericus (Judgment): ECJ 4 Apr 1968

Firma Gebruder Luck v Hauptzollamt Koln-Rheinau (Judgment): ECJ 4 Apr 1968

Europa 1. Policy of the EEC – common rules – tax provisions – cumulative multi-stage tax – average rates for imported products or groups of imported products within the meaning of the first paragraph of article 97 – no individual rights 2. Policy of the EEC – common rules – tax provisions – taxation imposed … Continue reading Firma Gebruder Luck v Hauptzollamt Koln-Rheinau (Judgment): ECJ 4 Apr 1968

Alfons Lutticke GmbH v Hauptzollamt Sarrelouis (Judgment): ECJ 16 Jun 1966

Europa Member states of the EEC – absolute obligation under the treaty – concept – rights of individuals – protection of such rights by national courts Policy of the EEC – common rules – tax provisions – internal taxation of one member state imposed on the products of other member states – prohibition of discrimination … Continue reading Alfons Lutticke GmbH v Hauptzollamt Sarrelouis (Judgment): ECJ 16 Jun 1966

Commission of the European Communities v Italian Republic (Judgment): ECJ 19 Nov 1969

1. Internal taxation – non-discrimination – potable spirits (EEC treaty, article 95) 2. Agriculture – potable spirits – not an agricultural product (regulation no 7) 3. Agriculture – establishment of the common market – exceptions – strict interpretation. 1. The taxation of potable spirits imported from one member state on the basis of a notional … Continue reading Commission of the European Communities v Italian Republic (Judgment): ECJ 19 Nov 1969

Hill and Another v Revenue Commissioners and Another: ECJ 2 Jul 1998

Rule under which job-share employees lost out on pay rates when converted into full time equivalents were discriminatory against women since more women had job-share arrangements Citations: Times 02-Jul-1998, C-243/95 Statutes: ECTreaty 119 Council Directive 75/117/EEC Discrimination, European Updated: 08 April 2022; Ref: scu.81376

Lumsdon and Others, Regina (on The Application of) v Legal Services Board: SC 24 Jun 2015

The appellant, barristers and solicitors, challenged the respondent’s approval of alterations to their regulatory arrangements, under Part 3 of Schedule 4 to the 2007 Act. The alterations gave effect to the Quality Assurance Scheme for Advocates providing for the assessment of the performance of criminal advocates in England and Wales by judges. They now appealed … Continue reading Lumsdon and Others, Regina (on The Application of) v Legal Services Board: SC 24 Jun 2015

Crehan v Inntrepreneur Pub Company (CPC): CA 21 May 2004

The claimant had taken two leases, but had been made subject to beer ties with the defendant. He claimed damages for the losses, saying he had been forced to pay higher prices than those allowed to non-tied houses, and that the agreement was anti-competitive, and that the individual exemption from the EC Treaty obligations which … Continue reading Crehan v Inntrepreneur Pub Company (CPC): CA 21 May 2004

AMT Futures Ltd v Marzillier and Others: SC 1 Mar 2017

AMT entered into many financial services agreements providing for exclusive EW jurisdiction. It now sought to restrain the defendant German lawyers from encouraging litigation in Germany saying that induced breaches of the contracts. It also sought as damages the costs incurred in the German litigation. The defendant asserted lack of jurisdiction saying that the alleged … Continue reading AMT Futures Ltd v Marzillier and Others: SC 1 Mar 2017

Warner-Lambert Company Llc v Generics (UK) Ltd (T/A Mylan) and Another: SC 14 Nov 2018

These proceedings raise, for the first time in the courts of the United Kingdom, the question how the concepts of sufficiency and infringement are to be applied to a patent relating to a specified medical use of a known pharmaceutical compound. Four issues arose: (i) the construction of the claims (in particular, Claim 3 as … Continue reading Warner-Lambert Company Llc v Generics (UK) Ltd (T/A Mylan) and Another: SC 14 Nov 2018

In re McKerr (Northern Ireland): HL 11 Mar 2004

The deceased had been shot by soldiers of the British Army whilst in a car in Northern Ireland. The car was alleged to have ‘run’ a checkpoint. The claimants said the investigation, now 20 years ago, had been inadequate. The claim was brought under human rights law, but predated by many years the incorporation of … Continue reading In re McKerr (Northern Ireland): HL 11 Mar 2004