Tag: Human Rights

Rajak v Croatia: ECHR 28 Jun 2001

Hudoc Judgment (Merits and just satisfaction) Preliminary objection rejected (non-exhaustion); Violation of Art. 6-1; Pecuniary damage – claim rejected; Non-pecuniary damage – financial award; Costs and expenses (domestic proceedings) – claim rejected; Costs and expenses partial award – Convention proceedings

Citations:

[2001] ECHR 406, 49706/99, [2001] ECHR 410

Links:

Worldlii, Bailii

Jurisdiction:

Human Rights

Human Rights

Updated: 04 June 2022; Ref: scu.164841

Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein v Germany: ECHR 12 Jul 2001

Hudoc No violation of Art. 6-1; No violation of P1-1; No violation of Art. 14
Hudoc No violation of Art. 6-1; No violation of P1-1; No violation of Art. 14

Citations:

42527/98, [2001] ECHR 467

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

European Convention on Human Rights

Jurisdiction:

Human Rights

Cited by:

Cited – MAK and RK v The United Kingdom ECHR 23-Mar-2010
mak_ukECHR10
When RK, a nine year old girl was taken to hospital, with bruises, the paediatrician wrongly suspecting sexual abuse, took blood samples and intimate photographs in the absence of the parents and without their consent.
Held: The doctor had . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Human Rights

Updated: 04 June 2022; Ref: scu.164807

Dr (Mrs) U A Uruakpa v Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons: EAT 18 Jun 2001

The applicant appealed an order striking out her complaint of race discrimination as hopeless. She sought recognition as a veterinary surgeon. Her claim had been dismissed because, under the section the College exercised a statutory power. She asserted that the regulations gave a wide discretion to the College to exempt individuals from all or part of the qualification procedures. It was held that the discretion only applied to those who already held one or more of the qualifications which were recognised. She claimed also that the tribunal system denied her the possibility of equality of arms, and therefore a fair hearing under art 6. The EAT held that the tribunal system was designed to be informal, and Chairmen are specifically required to give assistance to lay parties. There was no breach of that right.
EAT Human Rights –

Judges:

His Honour Judge J Altman

Citations:

EAT/1074/98

Statutes:

Veterinary Surgeon (Examination of Commonwealth and Foreign Candidates) Regulations 1967 Sch para 5, Race Relations Act 1976 41

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Human Rights, Discrimination, Health Professions, Employment

Updated: 04 June 2022; Ref: scu.168224

Nwabueze v General Medical Council: PC 6 Apr 2000

Deliberations of the professional conduct committee hearing a case of professional conduct were in the presence of an assessor who gave advice to the committee. After returning from deliberation the assessor described the advice given, and the chairman announced his decision.
Held: This infringed the right under article 8 of the doctor to a fair trial since he was not allowed to comment on the advice given. Allegations which were irrelevant to the doctor’s practice should be deleted from the charge list presented. As to the lay member’s presence on the Professional Conduct Committee of the General Medical Council, Lord Hope of Craighead said: ‘From this summary it can be seen that Mrs. Walker was and is eminently well qualified to sit on the Professional Conduct Committee as one of its lay members. She brought to that membership an extensive knowledge of the health service in Wales, as a result of having worked there for many years as ~ nurse and midwife and her period of service as director of the South East Wales Institute. It is in the public interest that those who serve as lay members on disciplinary bodies of this kind should be well-informed and have experience of working in the area within which cases are likely to arise on which they may be called upon to adjudicate. It could not possibly be suggested that there was anything in Mrs. Walker’s general background that would be likely to give rise to the danger or possibility of bias on her part when she was considering a case from Wales.’

Judges:

Lord Hope of Craighead

Citations:

Times 11-Apr-2000, [2000] UKPC 16, (Appeal No 21 of 1999), [2000] 1 WLR 1760

Links:

Bailii, PC, PC

Statutes:

Medical Act 1983, European Convention on Human Rights 8

Citing:

Cited – Fox v General Medical Council PC 1960
The appeal by a doctor from the disciplinary committee of the GMC to the board of the Privy Council lies of right by the statute and the terms of statute do not limit or qualify the appeal in any way, so that the appellant is entitled to claim that . .

Cited by:

Cited – Flaherty v National Greyhound Racing Club Ltd CA 14-Sep-2005
The club regulated greyhound racing. The claimant had complained that its disciplinary proceedings had been conducted unfairly. He said that a panel member had an interest as veterinary surgeon in the proceedings at the stadium at which the alleged . .
Cited – The British Medical Association, Regina (on the Application of) v The General Medical Council and Another Admn 4-May-2016
The BMA sought to challenge the validity of the rules governing the procedure of Fitness to Practice panels. In particular the BMA challenged the new absence of a requirement that the panel’s legal advice and assistance be available to the parties. . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Health Professions, Human Rights, Natural Justice

Updated: 01 June 2022; Ref: scu.159404

Regina v Kansal, on a Reference From the Criminal Cases Review Commission (2): CACD 24 May 2001

Once a case had been referred to the Court of Appeal by the Criminal Cases Review Commission, the court had to make a declaration, even if the case was very old. The effect of the 1998 Act on statute law was not retrospective, but where it affected common law the effect could be retrospective, since common law was deemed always to have been the way it now is. The result was that standards of evidence in criminal cases had retrospectively made many convictions liable to be set aside.
‘(i) The CCRC, subject to the proper exercise of the discretion conferred by section 9 of the Criminal Appeal Act, can refer to this court a conviction following a trial whenever it took place;
(ii) this court, once such a reference has been made, has no option, however old the case, but to declare the conviction unsafe if that is the result either of the admission of evidence obtained in breach of article 6 or of a change in the common law, which is deemed always to have been that which it is authoritatively declared to be, as, for example, by reason of R v Preddy’,

Judges:

Rose LJ VP, Rougier J, McCombie J

Citations:

Times 11-Jun-2001, Gazette 12-Jul-2001, [2001] EWCA Crim 1260, [2001] 3 WLR 751

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

Human Rights Act 1998

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

See Also – Regina v Kansal CACD 24-Jun-1992
K had been convicted of two counts of obtaining property by deception contrary to section 15 of the Theft Act 1968. He was also convicted of two counts under the Insolvency Act 1986, namely that being a bankrupt (a) he removed property which he was . .
Cited – Regina v Preddy; Regina v Slade; Regina v Dhillon (Conjoined Appeals) HL 10-Jul-1996
The appellants were said to have made false mortgage applications. They appealed convictions for dishonestly obtaining property by deception.
Held: A chose in action created by an electronic bank transfer was not property which was capable of . .

Cited by:

Appeal from – Regina v Kansal (2) HL 29-Nov-2001
The prosecutor had lead and relied at trial on evidence obtained by compulsory questioning under the 1986 Act.
Held: In doing so the prosecutor was acting to give effect to section 433.
The decision in Lambert to disallow retrospective . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Criminal Practice, Administrative, Human Rights

Updated: 31 May 2022; Ref: scu.158770

Regina v Benjafield, Leal, Rezvi and Milford: CACD 21 Dec 2000

Lord Woolf MR said that where the original proceedings are brought by a public authority, an appeal is part of those proceedings to which section 22(4) applies: ‘In our judgment, where the original proceedings are brought by, or at the instigation of, a public authority, as is the case with a prosecution, an appeal by the defendant is part of the proceedings to which section 22(4) applies. There cannot be a different position on an appeal from that of the trial so far as the issue of retrospectivity of the Human Rights Act 1998 is concerned. Any other construction would mean that in criminal cases the Court of Appeal could not give the required protection to the individual (who would clearly be a victim of any unlawful act) so that there would be a need for an otherwise unnecessary but time-consuming and expensive trip to Strasbourg. In addition, otherwise section 7(1)(b) will apply where the appeal is by a public authority, but not when the appeal is made by the defendant.’

Judges:

Lord Woolf MR, Judge LJ, Collins J

Citations:

[2000] EWCA Crim 86

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

European Convention on Human Rights, Criminal Justice Act 1988, Drug Trafficking Act 1994

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

Appeal from – Regina v Benjafield, Regina v Leal, Regina v Rezvi, Regina v Milford HL 24-Jan-2002
Statutory provisions which reversed the burden of proof in cases involving drug smuggling and other repeat offenders, allowing confiscation orders to be made were not necessarily in contravention of the article 6 right. However the question of . .
Cited – Regina v Kansal (2) HL 29-Nov-2001
The prosecutor had lead and relied at trial on evidence obtained by compulsory questioning under the 1986 Act.
Held: In doing so the prosecutor was acting to give effect to section 433.
The decision in Lambert to disallow retrospective . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Crime, Natural Justice, Human Rights

Updated: 31 May 2022; Ref: scu.158736

Ebert v Official Receiver and others: CA 14 Mar 2001

The claimant, subject of a civil restraint order had been refused leave to bring certain proceedings.

Judges:

Chadwick, Buxton LJJ

Citations:

[2001] EWCA Civ 340, [2001] 3 All ER 942, [2002] 1 WLR 320, [2002] BPIR 80, [2001] ACD 66

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Human Rights, Litigation Practice

Updated: 31 May 2022; Ref: scu.147468

XH and AIT, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: Admn 28 Jul 2016

The claimants challenged the right of the respondent, purporting to us the royal prerogative, to withdraw their passports on being suspect of terrorist links.
Held: The claims were dismissed. The use of the Royal Preogative was long established, and ‘we are in no doubt that it is not to be implied that Parliament intended to abrogate the Royal Prerogative power in relation to terrorism related activities when it enacted the TPIM Act.’

Judges:

Hamblen LJ, Cranston J

Citations:

[2016] EWHC 1898 (Admin), [2016] WLR(D) 437

Links:

Bailii, WLRD

Statutes:

Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures Act 2011, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union 41, Parliament and Council Directive EC/2004/38 27

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

European, Human Rights, Constitutional

Updated: 30 May 2022; Ref: scu.567875

Conway v The Secretary of State for Justice: CA 18 Jan 2018

Application for leave to appeal from refusal of declaration of incompatibility of section 2(1) of the 1961 Act with the claimant’s Article 8 human rights. The case concerns the issue of the provision of assistance to a person with a terminal degenerative disease who wishes to commit suicide, so as to be able to exercise control over the time of his death as the disease reaches its final stage.
Held: Permission was given.

Judges:

Sir Ernest Ryder SPT, Underhill LJ

Citations:

[2017] EWCA Civ 16

Links:

Bailii, Judiciary

Statutes:

Suicide Act 1961 2(1), European Convention on Human Rights 8, Human Rights Act 1998 4(2)

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

At Admn – Conway, Regina (on The Application of) v The Secretary of State for Justice Admn 5-Oct-2017
The court was asked as to the issue of provision of assistance to a person with a serious wasting disease who wishes to commit suicide, so as to be able to exercise control over the time of his death as the disease reaches its final stages. . .

Cited by:

Leave to Appeal – Conway, Regina (on The Application of) v The Secretary of State for Justice and Others CA 27-Jun-2018
Appeal from rejection of claim that section 2(1) of the 1961 infringed the claimant’s human rights. . .
Leave to Appeal – Conway, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for Justice SC 27-Nov-2018
Application for leave to appeal after refusal of order allowing withdrawal of his treatment leading to his death within an hour. He wished to argue as to the difference between letting someone die and taking active steps to bring about their death . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Crime, Human Rights

Updated: 29 May 2022; Ref: scu.602950

Conway, Regina (on The Application of) v The Secretary of State for Justice and Others: CA 27 Jun 2018

Appeal from rejection of claim that section 2(1) of the 1961 infringed the claimant’s human rights.

Citations:

[2018] EWCA Civ 1431, [2018] WLR(D) 402

Links:

Bailii, WLRD

Statutes:

Suicide Act 1961 2(1)

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

At Admn – Conway, Regina (on The Application of) v The Secretary of State for Justice Admn 5-Oct-2017
The court was asked as to the issue of provision of assistance to a person with a serious wasting disease who wishes to commit suicide, so as to be able to exercise control over the time of his death as the disease reaches its final stages. . .
Leave to Appeal – Conway v The Secretary of State for Justice CA 18-Jan-2018
Application for leave to appeal from refusal of declaration of incompatibility of section 2(1) of the 1961 Act with the claimant’s Article 8 human rights. The case concerns the issue of the provision of assistance to a person with a terminal . .

Cited by:

At CA – Conway, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for Justice SC 27-Nov-2018
Application for leave to appeal after refusal of order allowing withdrawal of his treatment leading to his death within an hour. He wished to argue as to the difference between letting someone die and taking active steps to bring about their death . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Human Rights, Crime

Updated: 29 May 2022; Ref: scu.618925

Regina ex parte Matthias Rath B v Matthias Rath Ltd the Advertising Standards Authority Ltd and its Reviewer: Admn 6 Dec 2000

Adjudications of the Advertising Standards Authority are prescribed by law, and the codes of practice are issued by virtue of statutory authority. The codes described a clear system for adjudicating complaints, and therefore anyone publishing advertising material could know in advance what rules applied, and what penalties he might incur. The need to ensure accuracy in health advertising was a sufficient purpose to justify the restriction on the freedom of expression.

Citations:

Times 10-Jan-2001, [2000] EWHC Admin 428

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

European Convention on Human Rights Art 10, Control of Misleading Advertisements Regulations 1988 (1988 No 915)

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Media, Human Rights

Updated: 29 May 2022; Ref: scu.140245

Imutran Ltd v Uncaged Campaigns Ltd and Another: ChD 11 Jan 2001

The test for whether an interim injunction should be granted restraining publication of material claimed to be confidential, where such a grant would infringe the right to freedom of expression was slightly different under the 1998 Act. The established test was whether the claimant had a real prospect of succeeding at trial in restraining publication, but the new test was whether he was likely to do so. Nevertheless the difference was so small as to make any calculation fruitless.
The court was asked to restrain the publication of confidential documents, and the effect of the section. The defendants argued that the requirement of likelihood imposed a higher standard than that formulated in American Cyanamid, but the claimant said that his case satisfied whatever the standard was applied. Theoretically and as a matter of language likelihood is slightly higher in the scale of probability than a real prospect of success. But the difference between the two is small. The court could not imagine many (if any) cases which would have succeeded under the American Cyanamid test but will now fail because of the terms of section 12(3). The court applied the test of likelihood without any further consideration of how much more probable that now has to be.
Sir Andrew Morritt set out the approach to be taken: ‘Of course, the defendants’ right to freedom of expression is an element in their democratic right to campaign for the abolition of all animal xenotransplantation or other experimentation. But they may continue to do that whether the injunction sought by Imutran is granted or not. The issue is whether they should be free to do so with Imutran’s confidential and secret documents. Many of those documents are of a specialist and technical nature suitable for consideration by specialists in the field but not by the public generally. Given the provisos to the injunction sought there would be no restriction on the ability of the defendants to communicate the information to those specialists connected with the regulatory bodies denoted by Parliament as having special responsibility in the field.’

Judges:

Sir Andrew Morritt

Citations:

Times 30-Jan-2001, Gazette 05-Apr-2001, [2001] EWHC Ch 31, [2001] 2 All ER 385, [2002] FSR 2, [2001] HRLR 31, [2001] EMLR 21, [2001] CP Rep 28, [2001] ECDR 16

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

Human Rights Act 1998 12(3)

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

Cited – American Cyanamid Co v Ethicon Ltd HL 5-Feb-1975
Interim Injunctions in Patents Cases
The plaintiffs brought proceedings for infringement of their patent. The proceedings were defended. The plaintiffs obtained an interim injunction to prevent the defendants infringing their patent, but they now appealed its discharge by the Court of . .

Cited by:

Approved – A v B plc and Another (Flitcroft v MGN Ltd) CA 11-Mar-2002
A newspaper company appealed against an order preventing it naming a footballer who, they claimed, had been unfaithful to his wife.
Held: There remains a distinction between the right of privacy which attaches to sexual activities within and . .
Cited – Barclays Bank Plc v Guardian News Media Ltd QBD 19-Mar-2009
The bank sought continuation of an injunction preventing publication by the defendant of papers leaked to relating to the claimant’s tax management. The claimant claimed in confidentiality. The papers did not reveal any unlawful activity. The . .
Cited – Theakston v MGN Ltd QBD 14-Feb-2002
The claimant, a celebrity sought to restrain publication by the defendant of information about his sex life, consisting of pictures of him in a brothel. The court considered the test for the grant of an injunction to restrain publication under the . .
Cited – Cream Holdings Limited and others v Banerjee and The Liverpool Daily Post and Echo Limited CA 13-Feb-2003
The defendants considered publication of alleged financial irregularities by the claimant, who sought to restrain publication. The defendants argued that under the Act, prior restraint should not be used unless a later court would be likely to . .
Cited – Bains and Others v Moore and Others QBD 15-Feb-2017
The claimant anti-asbestos campaigners complained that the defendant investigators had infringed their various rights of privacy. They now sought discovery to support the claim.
Held: the contents of the witness statements do show that it is . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice, Intellectual Property, Human Rights, Media

Updated: 23 May 2022; Ref: scu.135620

Roberts, Regina (on The Application of) v The Commissioner of Police of The Metropolis and Others: CA 4 Feb 2014

The claimant asserted that the provisions of section 60 of the 1994 Act, which allowed personal searches by police officers where no suspicion of misbehaviour was present, infringed her rights under Article 8 of the Convention.
Held: The claimant’s appeal failed. There was no deprivation of liberty within the meaning of article 5, and nor was the use of the power discriminatory on the grounds of race. There had been an interference with the right to respect for Mrs Roberts’ private life in article 8, but that this remained ‘in accordance with the law’ and was not unlawful.

Judges:

Maurice Kay VP CACD, Rafferty, Macur LJJ

Citations:

[2014] EWCA Civ 69, [2014] 1 WLR 3299, [2014] WLR(D) 50, [2014] HRLR 5, [2014] 2 Cr App R 6

Links:

Bailii, WLRD

Statutes:

Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 60, European Convention on Human Rights

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

Appeal from – Roberts, Regina (on The Application of) v The Commissioner of The Metropolitan Police Admn 17-Jul-2012
The claimant challenged the legality of section 60 of the 1994 Act as an interference in her article 8 rights. She had been caught on a bus without her fare and gave a false name and address. A direction had been given authorising any person to be . .

Cited by:

Appeal from – Roberts, Regina (on the application of) v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis and another SC 17-Dec-2015
The Court considered the validity of suspicionless stop and search activities under s 60 of the 1994 Act, by police officers.
Held: The claimant’s appeal failed. The safeguards attending the use of the s 60 power, and in particular the . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Police, Human Rights

Updated: 23 May 2022; Ref: scu.521049

Mckeown v The United Kingdom: ECHR 11 Jan 2011

The applicant alleged that his trial for terrorism related offences was unfair because of the way the courts in Northern Ireland had approached the question of non-disclosure of prosecution papers to the defence on grounds of public interest immunity.

Citations:

[2011] ECHR 22

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

European Convention on Human Rights

Jurisdiction:

Human Rights

Citing:

See Also – McKeown v The United Kingdom ECHR 1-Apr-2008
. .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Human Rights, Criminal Practice, Northern Ireland

Updated: 23 May 2022; Ref: scu.443850

Halide Cakir And Others v Cyprus: ECHR 29 Apr 2010

Admissibility. It was said of the events in Cyprus in 1974 there had been a failure by the state to investigate unlawful killings. The court repeated the Grand Chamber’s formulation of the relevant law in Silih and Varnava, and then pointed out that the killings in question occurred more than 14 years before Cyprus accorded the right to petition – on 1 January 1989. The court relied on the proposition that the critical date was that date, rather than the date on which Cyprus acceded to the Convention.

Citations:

7864/06, [2010] ECHR 742

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

European Convention on Human Rights

Jurisdiction:

Human Rights

Cited by:

Cited – Keyu and Others v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and Another SC 25-Nov-2015
The Court was asked whether the respondents should be required to hold a public inquiry into a controversial series of events in 1948, when a Scots Guards patrol was alleged to shot and killed 24 unarmed civilians in a village called Batang Kali, in . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Human Rights

Updated: 22 May 2022; Ref: scu.416240