Dunlop and Ranken Ltd v Hendall Steel Structures Ltd: CA 1957

There was no debt arising under a building contract which could be the subject of a garnishee order where there was no ’cause of action’ and no debt until an architect’s certificate had been issued.
Lord Goddard CJ said: ‘. . until the architect has given a certificate, the builder has no right to receive any sum of money from his employer by what I may call a drawing on account. He must get a certificate from the architect . . until the contractor can produce to the building owner a certificate he cannot receive anything.’

Judges:

Lord Goddard, CJ, Havers, J

Citations:

[1957] 1 WLR 1102

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

CitedTaurus Petroleum Limited v State Oil Marketing Company of The Ministry of Oil, Republic of Iraq SC 25-Oct-2017
The parties disputed their contract arrangements. It was referred to an arbitration in London, but applying Iraqi law. The respondent failed to meet the award made against it, and the claimant sought to enforce the award here by means of third party . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Construction, Litigation Practice

Updated: 01 October 2022; Ref: scu.646123

Webb v Stanton: CA 1883

A garnishee order was obtained against a trustee purporting to attach the beneficiary’s share of the trust income. No income was however in the trustee’s hands which he was at that time due to pay to the beneficiary.
Held: The garnishee order was set aside, on the basis that the trustee could not be said to be a debtor ‘unless he has got in his hands money which it is his duty to hand over to the cestui que trust’
An available and appropriate course in this situation would be to apply for the appointment of a receiver.

Judges:

Lindley LJ, Fry LJ

Citations:

(1883) 11 QBD 518

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

CitedTaurus Petroleum Limited v State Oil Marketing Company of The Ministry of Oil, Republic of Iraq SC 25-Oct-2017
The parties disputed their contract arrangements. It was referred to an arbitration in London, but applying Iraqi law. The respondent failed to meet the award made against it, and the claimant sought to enforce the award here by means of third party . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 01 October 2022; Ref: scu.646122

Ferrera v Hardy: CA 7 Oct 2015

H appealed from a decision to set aside a third party debt order which he had obtained over a debt he said was due to F from Liverpool City Council in respect of housing benefit owed to F as rent for one of F’s tenants.
Held: A judgment creditor cannot stand in a better position than the judgment debtor did in relation to the third party against whom the third party debt order is sought

Judges:

Richards, Floyd, Sales LJJ

Citations:

[2015] EWCA Civ 1202, [2016] HLR 9

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

Appeal fomFerrera v Hardy ChD 2-Oct-2013
. .

Cited by:

CitedTaurus Petroleum Limited v State Oil Marketing Company of The Ministry of Oil, Republic of Iraq SC 25-Oct-2017
The parties disputed their contract arrangements. It was referred to an arbitration in London, but applying Iraqi law. The respondent failed to meet the award made against it, and the claimant sought to enforce the award here by means of third party . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Housing, Litigation Practice

Updated: 01 October 2022; Ref: scu.646124

Rogers v Whitely: QBD 1889

Money in a bank account included money of which the judgment debtor was trustee.
Held: That money could not be ordered to be paid to the judgment creditor who obtained the charging order: ‘he can only obtain payment out of the debtor’s own money.’

Judges:

Lindley LJ

Citations:

(1889) 23 QBD 236

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

CitedTaurus Petroleum Limited v State Oil Marketing Company of The Ministry of Oil, Republic of Iraq SC 25-Oct-2017
The parties disputed their contract arrangements. It was referred to an arbitration in London, but applying Iraqi law. The respondent failed to meet the award made against it, and the claimant sought to enforce the award here by means of third party . .
CitedTaurus Petroleum Ltd v State Oil Company of The Ministry of Oil, Republic of Iraq CA 28-Jul-2015
The parties had contractual disputes as to letters of credit governed by Iraqi law. The arbitration was in London applying Iraqi law. They now disputed whether the Enforcement of arbitration award was as an award made in London. Each appealed . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 01 October 2022; Ref: scu.646120

Rekstin v Severo Sibirsko Gosudarstvennoe Aksionernoe Obschestvo Koseverputj and the Bank for Russian Trade Ltd: CA 1932

The plaintiff sought to enforce payment of a judgment in his favour against the defendant (the Severo Sibirsko Bureau) by service of a garnishee order nisi on the Bureau’s bank, the Bank for Russian Trade. The order was served less than an hour after the bank had received an instruction from the Bureau to close its account and transfer the entire credit balance to the account of the Soviet trade delegation in London, which was held at the same bank. The trade delegation had the benefit of diplomatic immunity from suit.
Held: The transfer instruction was still revocable when the order was received by the Bank for Russian Trade. All that had happened was that the bank had made entries in its books to close the Bureau’s account. It had not yet credited the Soviet trade delegation’s account and the trade delegation did not know of the proposed transfer. The garnishee order was held to operate as a revocation of that instruction: ‘ . . the effect of the service of garnishee order nisi is, according to Lord Watson in Rogers v Whiteley, to make the garnishee ‘custodier’ for the court of the whole funds attached.’

Citations:

[1933] 1 KB 47, [1932] All ER 534

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

CitedTaurus Petroleum Limited v State Oil Marketing Company of The Ministry of Oil, Republic of Iraq SC 25-Oct-2017
The parties disputed their contract arrangements. It was referred to an arbitration in London, but applying Iraqi law. The respondent failed to meet the award made against it, and the claimant sought to enforce the award here by means of third party . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 01 October 2022; Ref: scu.646121

Moorjani and Others v Durban Estates Ltd and Another: TCC 15 May 2019

Allegations of breach of landlords’ repairing obligations – defendants’ strike out application.
Held: ‘ the critical question is whether this second action is based on the same cause, or causes, of action, and not whether it pleads the same particulars of breach or loss and damage.’ The claims were founded on a single cause of action, and the second was barred by cause of action estoppel, and by merger.

Citations:

[2019] EWHC 1229 (TCC)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

CitedHenderson v Henderson 20-Jul-1843
Abuse of Process and Re-litigation
The court set down the principles to be applied in abuse of process cases, where a matter was raised again which should have been dealt with in earlier proceedings.
Sir James Wigram VC said: ‘In trying this question I believe I state the rule . .
CitedBrunsden v Humphrey CA 1884
The defendant had negligently caused damage to a cab driver and his vehicle in the same accident. The cab driver obtained damages for the damage to his vehicle.
Held: He was not disentitled from bringing fresh proceedings for damages for . .
CitedDarley Main Colliery Co v Mitchell HL 1886
The owner of land whose land was affected by subsidence in 1868 and who received compensation from those who had worked coal and caused the subsidence, was able, in 1882 when further subsidence took place causing further injury, to bring a fresh . .
CitedConquer v Boot CA 1928
The householder recovered damages in the county court in an action against a builder for breach of a building contract to complete the works in a good and workmanlike manner. He then brought a second action upon the same contract. In the second . .
CitedVirgin Atlantic Airways Ltd v Zodiac Seats UK Ltd SC 3-Jul-2013
Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd sought to recover damages exceeding 49,000,000 pounds for the infringement of a European Patent which did not exist in the form said to have been infringed. The Technical Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office had . .
CitedKing and Another v Hoare 25-Nov-1844
A judgment (without satisfaction) recovered against one of two joint debtors is a bar to an action against the other: – Secus where the debt is joint and several. – And it is pleadable in bar, and not in abatement. – Such a plea need not contain a . .
CitedConquer v Boot CA 1928
The householder recovered damages in the county court in an action against a builder for breach of a building contract to complete the works in a good and workmanlike manner. He then brought a second action upon the same contract. In the second . .
CitedArnold v National Westminster Bank Plc HL 1991
Tenants invited the court to construe the terms of a rent review provision in the sub-underlease under which they held premises. The provision had been construed in a sense adverse to them in earlier proceedings before Walton J, but they had been . .
CitedRepublic of India and Others v India Steamship Co Ltd (‘The Indian Endurance and The Indian Grace’) (No 1) HL 29-Mar-1993
Munitions were being carried to Cochin on board the defendants’ vessel. Some was jettisoned in a fire and the remainder was damaged. The cargo owners sought damages in India for short delivery under the bills of lading, as to the jettisoned cargo . .
CitedJohnson v Gore Wood and Co HL 14-Dec-2000
Shareholder May Sue for Additional Personal Losses
A company brought a claim of negligence against its solicitors, and, after that claim was settled, the company’s owner brought a separate claim in respect of the same subject-matter.
Held: It need not be an abuse of the court for a shareholder . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Landlord and Tenant, Litigation Practice

Updated: 01 October 2022; Ref: scu.640369

Sandhu and Another v The Charity Commission and Others: ChD 20 Apr 2017

Consideration of application for recusal of the judge.
Held: The judge had expressed doubts about the applicant’s credibility, but that was not enough on its own to require recusal.

Judges:

Barker QC HHJ

Citations:

[2017] EWHC B14 (Ch)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

AppliedAl Zawawi v Newson-Smith QBD 27-Oct-2016
Defendant’s, having been told that the Master hearing their case found their evidence to date unreliable, applied to him to recuse himself. He refused and the parties now appealed from his refusal of that application.
Held: The appeal was . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 01 October 2022; Ref: scu.588005

Merchant International Company Ltd v Natsionalna Aktsionerna Kompaniia Naftogaz Ukrainy and Another: CA 10 Dec 2014

he debt sought to be attached was said to be owed by a bank to the judgment debtor Naftogaz. But the bank had received the money from Naftogaz as the agent bank under a loan agreement for distribution to the loanholders. It was not therefore, in the bank’s hands, a debt payable to Naftogaz.

Citations:

[2014] EWCA Civ 1603

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

CitedTaurus Petroleum Limited v State Oil Marketing Company of The Ministry of Oil, Republic of Iraq SC 25-Oct-2017
The parties disputed their contract arrangements. It was referred to an arbitration in London, but applying Iraqi law. The respondent failed to meet the award made against it, and the claimant sought to enforce the award here by means of third party . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice, International, Banking

Updated: 01 October 2022; Ref: scu.539824

Merchant International Company Ltd v Natsionalna Aktsionerna Kompaniia Naftogaz Ukrainy and Another: ComC 26 Feb 2014

The court was asked whether interim third party debt orders obtained by the claimant, a judgment creditor, should be made final.

Judges:

Blair J

Citations:

[2014] EWHC 391 (Comm)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Litigation Practice

Updated: 29 September 2022; Ref: scu.522390

Ferrera v Hardy: ChD 2 Oct 2013

Judges:

Hodge QC HHJ

Citations:

[2013] EWHC 4164 (Ch)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

Appeal fomFerrera v Hardy CA 7-Oct-2015
H appealed from a decision to set aside a third party debt order which he had obtained over a debt he said was due to F from Liverpool City Council in respect of housing benefit owed to F as rent for one of F’s tenants.
Held: A judgment . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 29 September 2022; Ref: scu.520875

QWE v SDF and Others: QBD 30 Nov 2011

Reasons for grant of injunction to prohibit the disclosure of information specified in the order, and in particular any information concerning the fact or details of the sexual relationships between the Claimant and the First or Second Defendants.

Judges:

Tugendhat J

Citations:

[2011] EWHC 3121 (QB)

Links:

Bailii

Litigation Practice

Updated: 29 September 2022; Ref: scu.449393

Masri v Consolidated Contractors International Company Sal and Another: ComC 21 Oct 2008

The court heard matters relating to the recovery by the claimant of $63,000,000.

Judges:

Tomlinson J

Citations:

[2008] EWHC 2492 (Comm)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International (UK) Ltd ComC 17-May-2005
. .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International (UK) Ltd CA 24-Oct-2005
The defendants who were resident in Greece appealed a decision that the English court had jurisdiction over them, by virtue of a close connection of the matter with earlier proceedings heard here.
Held: The fact that the defendants were all . .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International UK Ltd and Another ComC 28-Jul-2006
. .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International UK Ltd and Another ComC 14-Mar-2007
Judgment on quantum. . .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International (UK) Ltd and others ComC 25-May-2007
Application for an order to prevent some defendants pursuing action in other jurisdictions. . .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International Company Sal and Another CA 11-Jul-2007
. .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International Company Sal and Another ComC 20-Dec-2007
. .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International Company Sal and Another CA 4-Apr-2008
The court was asked whether the Commercial Court had international jurisdiction to make an order for the appointment of a receiver by way of equitable execution, and a freezing order, in relation to the judgment debtors’ interest in the concession . .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International Company Sal and Another ComC 23-May-2008
Application for interpretation of a receivership order. . .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International Company Sal and Another (No 3) CA 6-Jun-2008
The court was asked whether the English court has jurisdiction following judgment to grant an anti-suit injunction against foreign judgment debtors (one of whom has a domicile in a Brussels I Regulation State) restraining them from pursuing . .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International (UK) Ltd and Another ComC 17-Jun-2008
Application for further order of payment of costs of action on account. . .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International Company Sal and others CA 28-Jul-2008
The judgment creditor appealed an order refusing to oblige the defendant company to attend court and provide information about its means. . .

Cited by:

See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International Co Sal and Others HL 30-Jul-2009
The claimant sought to enforce a judgment debt against a foreign resident company, and for this purpose to examine or have examined a director who lived abroad. The defendant said that the rules gave no such power and they did, the power was outside . .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors (Oil and Gas) Company Sal CA 6-Feb-2009
Appeal from order with regard to management of receivership. . .
Appeal fromMasri v Consolidated Contractors International Co Sal and others CA 13-Nov-2008
The creditors sought leave to appeal against orders made in the course of proceedings to recover a very substantial debt from a foreign resident company. . .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International Company Sal and Others ComC 6-Oct-2010
The third respondent sought to strike out an application for his committal for failure to comply with orders made in support of proceedings to enforce a substantial judgment. . .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International Company Sal ComC 21-Oct-2010
The court held a case management conference with regard to an intended application for committal for contempt of one of the defendants. . .
See AlsoConsolidated Contractors International Company Sal and Another v Masri CA 21-Jan-2011
. .
See AlsoConsolidated Contractors International Company Sal and Another v Masri CA 3-Feb-2011
. .
See AlsoMasri and Another v Consolidated Contractors International Co Sal and Others ComC 3-Mar-2011
On notice hearing with regard to without notice receivership order. . .
See AlsoMasri v Consolidated Contractors International Company Sal and Others ComC 5-May-2011
The applicant, and judgment creditor sought orders for committal for contempt by the defendant companies and officers after failing to comply with court orders. . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 29 September 2022; Ref: scu.277080

Raja v Van Hoogstraten and others (No 2): ChD 29 Jul 2005

The defendant had been accused and acquitted of complicity in a murder, and was sued by members of the deceased’s family for damages. He now sought leave to amend his defence to challenge also the convictions of two others, alleging serious concerns about the safety of those convictions. An enquiry into the convictions was yet incomplete.
Held: The application had been long delayed, and would be refused for that reason alone, however on the merits he had not shown an arguable case that the convictions were unsafe. The application was denied.

Judges:

Lightman J

Citations:

[2005] EWHC 1642 (Ch)

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

Civil Evidence Act 1968 11(1)

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Litigation Practice

Updated: 29 September 2022; Ref: scu.229096

HML PM Ltd v Canary Riverside Estate Management Ltd and Another: QBD 17 Dec 2019

Application for an interim injunction to restrain the defendants from making use of what is said to be confidential information and in which (to some extent at least) it is said that the Claimant enjoys legal professional privilege.

Judges:

Nicol J

Citations:

[2019] EWHC 3496 (QB)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Information, Litigation Practice

Updated: 29 September 2022; Ref: scu.645981

Saldanha v Fulton Navigation Inc: AdCt 10 May 2011

Judges:

Jervid Kay QC

Citations:

[2011] EWHC 1118 (Admlty), [2011] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 206

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

CitedRoerig v Valiant Trawlers Ltd CA 28-Jan-2002
The claimant who was Dutch, was a widow of a fisherman who had died at sea. The question on appeal was ‘in assessing damages for loss of dependency should benefits resulting from the loss be deducted from the damages?’ The claimant’s position under . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 28 September 2022; Ref: scu.449039

ABC Ltd v Y: ChD 6 Dec 2010

There had been proceedings as to the misuse of confidential information. X, a non-party, now sought disclosure of papers used in that case. The case had been settled by means of a Tomlin Schedule, and that, subject to further order, non-parties might not obtain documents on the court file.
Held: The applicant X was entitled to access a full copy of the Consent Order, but not the Schedule to it nor any of the other documents sought.
The court may not restrict disclosure of a public judgment or order. A party paying the fee can have a copy. The court’s power to restrict disclosure of documents on the court file applies only to statements of case.
However, the third party’s entitlement was to a copy only of the order as it existed on the court file. Since the Schedule was not filed at court, there was no entitlement to a copy of the Schedule.
However, where documents have been read out to the court in delivering judgment or otherwise at a public hearing, the principle of open justice means that if the applicant can show a ‘legitimate interest’ in having access, the court should lean in favour of disclosure.
Where the court has restricted access to documents on the court file or the documents in question were filed for a private hearing, the proper test was whether there are ‘strong grounds for thinking that it is necessary in the interests of justice’ for the documents to be disclosed.

Judges:

Lewison J

Citations:

[2010] EWHC 3176 (Ch), [2011] 4 All ER 113, [2012] 1 WLR 532

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

Civil Procedure Rules 5.4C, European Convention on Human Rights 6

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

CitedScott v Scott HL 5-May-1913
Presumption in Favour of Open Proceedings
There had been an unauthorised dissemination by the petitioner to third parties of the official shorthand writer’s notes of a nullity suit which had been heard in camera. An application was made for a committal for contempt.
Held: The House . .
CitedHodgson and others v Imperial Tobacco Limited Gallagher Limited etc CA 12-Feb-1998
A large number of plaintiffs brought actions against the defendants, three tobacco companies, claiming damages for personal injuries by reason of cancer which they claimed was caused by smoking cigarettes manufactured by the defendants. A hearing . .
CitedRegina v Legal Aid Board ex parte Kaim Todner (a Firm of Solicitors) CA 10-Jun-1998
Limitation on Making of Anonymity Orders
A firm of solicitors sought an order for anonymity in their proceedings against the LAB, saying that being named would damage their interests irrespective of the outcome.
Held: The legal professions have no special part in the law as a party . .
CitedChan U Seek v Alvis Vehicles Ltd ChD 8-Dec-2004
A newspaper, not party to the proceedings, sought access to the Court files, anticipating a significant journalistic story.
Held: Park J allowed the application for copies of certain pleadings and witness statements that had been placed before . .
CitedDian AO v Davis Frankel and Mead 2005
Moore-Bick J discussed the principle of open justice, saying that the highest importance was to be attached to the principle and that it was for that reason that in ‘all but exceptional cases’ hearings are conducted in public, judgment is delivered . .
CitedCleveland Bridge UK Ltd v Multiplex Constructions (UK) Ltd TCC 31-Aug-2005
A third party television company sought access to the particulars of claim and other pleadings.
Held: HH Judge Wilcox said: ‘There can be no legitimate distinction drawn between decisions made in interlocutory proceedings and those at final . .
CitedTaranissi, Regina (on the Application of) v Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority Admn 14-Jan-2009
The BBC sought permission to inspect a class of documents on the court file in judicial review proceedings. The reason for the application was that the documents were likely to contain information relevant to a libel action in which Mr Taranissi was . .
CitedG and G v Wikimedia Foundation Inc QBD 2-Dec-2009
The claimants sought an order that the defendants, an internet company in Florida, should disclose the IP address of a registered user of the site with a view to identifying the user and pursuing an action against him or her.
Held: Tugendhat J . .
CitedGray v UVW QBD 21-Oct-2010
Application was made for the name of the defendant not to be published.
Held: To the extent that a claimant seeks an order for the anonymisation of any reports of the SOPO proceedings, then that jurisdiction derives from section 6(1) of the . .
CitedJIH v News Group Newspapers Ltd QBD 5-Nov-2010
The court was asked as to the circumstances under which the identity of a claimant should be protected in an action where he sought to restrain the publication of private information about him.
Held: Tugendhat J accepted the proposition . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice, Human Rights

Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.426850

Pickthall v Hill Dickinson Llp and Another: ChD 13 Oct 2008

The defendant sought to have struck out a claim where the claimant was bankrupt, and the debt was unassigned from the trustee in bankruptcy.

Citations:

[2008] EWHC 3409 (Ch), [2009] PNLR 10, [2009] BPIR 114, [2009] Lloyd’s Rep PN 25

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

Appeal fromPickthall and Another v Hill Dickinson Llp CA 11-Jun-2009
The court was asked as to the extent to which it is an abuse of the process for a claimant to commence proceedings without having the relevant cause of action vested in him, and whether it would be right to allow him to amend his pleadings to plead . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Insolvency, Litigation Practice

Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.396459

Donington Park Leisure Ltd v Wheatcroft and Son Ltd: ChD 7 Apr 2006

Leave to apply was pursued under the provisions of a Tomlin order. The parties had disputed the extent to which parts of the order should be exhibited to the court.
Held: The Tomlin order should be amended to add terms necessary to give effect to the parties’ intentions.

Citations:

[2006] EWHC 904 (Ch)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

CitedTrollope and Colls Limited v North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board HL 1973
The court was requested to imply a term into a building contract.
Held: The term could not be implied, since at least four alternatives might also be implied.
Lord Pearson said: ‘[T]he court does not make a contract for the parties. The . .
CitedPhillips Electronique Grand Public SA v British Sky Brodcasting Ltd CA 1995
The court warned against being less than stringent when seeking to imply a term into a contract: ‘The courts’ usual role in contractual interpretation is, by resolving ambiguities or reconciling apparent inconsistencies, to attribute the true . .
CitedTai Hing Ltd v Liu Chong Hing Bank PC 1985
(Hong Kong) The relationship between banker and customer is principally a contractual one between debtor and creditor. As between the banker and his customer, the risk of loss through forgery of the customer’s signature falls on the banker unless . .
CitedBP Refinery (Westernport) Pty Ltd v The Shire of Hastings PC 1977
(Victoria) The Board set out the necessary conditions for a clause to be implied into a contract.
Held: Lord Simon of Glaisdale said: ‘Their Lordships do not think it necessary to review exhaustively the authorities on the implication of a . .
CitedLiverpool City Council v Irwin HL 31-Mar-1976
The House found it to be an implied term of a tenancy agreement that the lessor was to be responsible for repairing and lighting the common parts of the building of which the premises formed part. In analysing the different types of contract case in . .
CitedEquitable Life Assurance Society v Hyman HL 20-Jul-2000
The directors of the Society had calculated the final bonuses to be allocated to policyholders in a manner which was found to be contrary to the terms of the policy. The language of the article conferring the power to declare such bonuses contained . .
CitedMamidoil-Jetoil Greek Petroleum Company SA v Okta Crude Oil Refinery Ad Cross CA 22-Mar-2001
The court always leans against a conclusion which will leave parties who clearly intended to contract without a legally binding contract, and that this is the more so where they have acted as though they were bound. The court strains to supply . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice, Contract

Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.241458

BSW Ltd v Balltec Ltd: ChD 11 Apr 2006

Pre-action disclosure. The test of a properly arguable case with a real prospect of success is the same test as is set out in CPR 13.3(1) and 24.2 in relation to setting aside judgments in default and resisting summary judgment respectively. The Court of Appeal in Rose had not been concerned with whether a lower threshold than a good arguable case satisfied the requirements of CPR 31.16: ‘The leading case on the exercise of the Court’s powers under CPR 31.16 is the decision of the Court of Appeal in Black v Sumitomo Corporation [2002] 1 WLR 1562. In Rose v Lynx Express Ltd this decision was not referred to by the Court of Appeal. Having decided that the applicant’s construction of the articles of association was ‘properly arguable’ the Court of Appeal appears to have considered that the jurisdictional conditions specified in CPR 31.16 (3) had been satisfied. The only objection to the making of the order seems to have been based on the meaning to be attached to the relevant article. It was therefore unnecessary for the Court of Appeal in that case to decide whether a lower threshold than a good arguable case satisfied the requirements of CPR 31.16 (3) and how the discretion should be exercised in such circumstances. But in Black v Sumitomo these issues did arise for consideration.’

Judges:

Patten J

Citations:

[2006] EWHC 822 (Ch)

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

Civil Procedure Rules

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

CitedBlack v Sumitomo Corporation CA 3-Dec-2001
The claimants proposed pre-action discovery which was resisted.
Held: A purpose of pre-action disclosure is to assist those who need disclosure as a vital step in deciding whether to litigate at all or to provide a vital ingredient in the . .
CitedRose v Lynx Express Ltd. and Bridgepoint Capital (Nominees) Ltd CA 7-Apr-2004
In an request for pre-action discovery it was plainly wrong for the court to seek to decide in advance any element of the virtues of the case.
Held: The appeal should be allowed. The case was arguable and should be allowed to proceed.

Cited by:

CitedKneale v Barclays Bank Plc (T/A Barclaycard) ComC 23-Jul-2010
The bank appealed against an order for pre-action dicslosure and payment of the costs to date of its customers request for copies of the agreement under which it sought payment, and otherwise.
Held: After Carey it was not to be argued . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.240343

Koshy v Deg-Deutsche Investitions-Und Entwicklungsgesellschaft Mbh: ChD 20 Jan 2006

Judges:

Rimer J

Citations:

[2006] EWHC 17 (Ch)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

See AlsoKoshy v Deg-Deutsche Investitions – Undentwicklungs Gesellschaft Gmbh CA 24-Nov-2003
One party had been ordered to pay the costs of an unsuccessful attempt to discharge injunctions and strike out the action. The applications failed (badly) and the costs were ordered to be taxed and paid forthwith. Later there was a trial, and the . .
See AlsoDeg-Deutsche Investitions – Undentwicklungs Gesellschaft Gmbh v Thomas Koshy ChD 13-Dec-2004
The parties had been involved in protracted litigation where a freezing order had been made to support a claim which was eventually dismissed. The claimant sought to have set aside an earlier order made ordering him to pay costs on failing to have . .

Cited by:

See AlsoKoshy v Deg-Deutsche Investitions-Und Entwicklungsgesellschaft Mbh and Another CA 5-Feb-2008
Application to set aside earlier order saying that it had been obtained by fraudulent misrepresentation or false evidence . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.237913

Raja v Van Hoogstraten and others: ChD 17 Nov 2005

The defendant had sought an adjournment, which was refused, with specified conditions for any renewed application.
Held: The present application was not by solicitors who had accepted instructions to appear at the trial, and therefore did not meet the conditions set out. In any event insufficient information had been placed before the court toassess the merits of the application. ‘this application is another attempt without any cause to sabotage an early trial of the Preliminary Issue. It reflects the mind frame of Mr van Hoogstraten to which I referred in my judgment given on the 29th July 2005 that there would be no timetable without his consent and that he would abide with no timetable to which he did not agree. ‘

Citations:

[2005] EWHC 2575 (Ch)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

See AlsoRaja v Van Hoogstraten ChD 11-Nov-2005
The defendant sought adjournment of the trial of his action.
Held: The defendant had tried to frustrate the hearing of the case. The delay was refused with leave for legal representatives appointed for the trial to renew an application. . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.235024

Hertsmere Primary Care Trust and others v the Estate of Rabindra-Anandh and Another: ChD 7 Mar 2005

The appellants contested an indemnity costs order made against them. The claimant had sought repayment from the estate of the deceased of repayment of fraudulent overclaims by deceased optician. An offer had been made to settle the action. The defendant described the Part 36 offer as ineffective, but refused to say how or why. The error was held to be a technicality, and costs awarded ignoring the error.
Held: Parties to litigation were required to assist the court in achieving the overriding objective. Active case management required the courts to encourage parties to co-operate in the conduct of proceedings. The defendants had been obliged to answer and assist the claimants, and their failure to do so could be taken into account on costs.

Judges:

Lightman J

Citations:

Times 25-Apr-2005, [2005] EWHC 320 (Ch), [2005] 3 All ER 274

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Wills and Probate, Litigation Practice

Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.223692

Lone v London Borough of Hounslow: CA 17 Dec 2019

Whether the County Court has jurisdiction to entertain a claim for repayment of allegedly overpaid council tax.
Held: Mr Lone has no common law claim for unjust enrichment. The only remedy available to a taxpayer who wishes to complain about allegedly overpaid council tax is to appeal to the Valuation Tribunal.

Citations:

[2019] EWCA Civ 2206

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Litigation Practice, Rating

Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.645863

Youssef and Others v The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs: Admn 14 Nov 2011

The claimant sought to challenge the continued inclusion of his name on a list of persons subject to restrictions for showing sympathy to al Qaida, asking at this hearing: ‘Whether the Secretary of State’s decision to propose the relevant Claimant for listing by the UNSCR 1267 Committee was tainted by an error of law in that it proceeded on the basis that the relevant criteria for designation required only reasonable suspicion of relevant conduct, rather than evidence sufficient to establish such conduct to at least the civil standard of balance of probability.’

Judges:

Silber J

Citations:

[2011] EWHC 3014 (Admin)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

See AlsoHM Treasury v Ahmed and Others SC 27-Jan-2010
The claimants objected to orders made freezing their assets under the 2006 Order, after being included in the Consolidated List of suspected members of terrorist organisations.
Held: The orders could not stand. Such orders were made by the . .

Cited by:

See AlsoYoussef v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs CA 29-Oct-2013
The claimant appealed from rejection of his judicial review of a decision that he be placed on a list of persons subject to sanctions and therefore without access to money save with the consent of the government.
Held: The Secretary of State . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Crime, Litigation Practice

Updated: 26 September 2022; Ref: scu.448512

In re A and L (Children) (Judgment: Adequacy of Reasoning) (Practice Note): CA 27 Oct 2011

The mother appealed against a factual findings made in the course of care proceedings as to her involvement in sexual abuse of the children.
Held: The court gave guidance as to the reconsideration of a court’s decision. Munby LJ said: ‘it is the responsibility of the advocate, whether or not invited to do so by the judge, to raise with the judge and draw to his attention any material omission in the judgment, any genuine query or ambiguity which arises on the judgment, and any perceived lack of reasons or other perceived deficiency in the judge’s reasoning process.’

Judges:

Patten, Munby, Tomlinson LJJ

Citations:

[2011] EWCA Civ 1205, [2012] Fam Law 8, [2012] 1 FLR 134, [2012] 1 FCR 379, [2012] CP Rep 6, [2012] 1 WLR 595

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

CitedIn re L and B (Children) CA 18-Jul-2012
In care proceedings, there had been protracted fact finding hearings. The judge had given a preliminary report as to her conclusions, but received a communication from counsel for the father requesting her to re-address certain aspects. She later . .
CitedRe L and B (Children) SC 20-Feb-2013
The court was asked as to the extent to which a court, having once declared its decision, could later change its mind. Though this case arose with in care proceedings, the court asked it as a general question. The judge in a fact finding hearing in . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Children, Litigation Practice

Updated: 26 September 2022; Ref: scu.448293

Fresenius Kabi Deutschland Gmbh and Others v Carefusion 303 Inc: CA 8 Nov 2011

The parties had litigated the validity of a patent.

Judges:

Lord Neuberger MR, Aikens, Lewison LJJ

Citations:

[2011] EWCA Civ 1288

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

CitedBaird v Moule’s Patent Earth Closet Co Ltd CA 3-Feb-1876
Where a patentee sues for infringement and then discontinues his claim against the alleged infringer and consents to the revocation of his patent, he may yet require the alleged infringer to pay a substantial proportion of his costs if he can show . .
CitedUngar v Sugg 1892
Lord Esher MR discussed the costs of patent infringement litigation: ‘Well, then, the moment there is a patent case one can see it before the case is opened, or called in the list. How can we see it? We can see it by a pile of books as high as this . .
CitedSee v Scott-Paine 1933
The court granted an order allowing amendments applied for, but then to give the applicant a period of time in which to consider, in light of the amendments, whether it wished to maintain that the patent or design in suit was valid and continue with . .
Appeal FromFresenius Kabi Deutschland Gmbh and Others v Carefusion 303, Inc ChD 12-Oct-2011
The claimant sought an order debarring the defendant from relying on any evidence to support their case at the forthcoming trial for the revocation of a patent. . .
CitedWilliamson v Moldline Limited and Others 1986
The purpose of a Scott-Paine order is to impose on a party attacking the validity of a patent the obligation to take reasonable steps to ensure that the full attack is put before the patentee at the earliest time. The imposition of that obligation . .
CitedIn re GEC Alsthom Limited’s Patent ChD 1996
Laddie J pointed out a number of injustices that could be produced by the making of an Earth Closet order, including: ‘i) Such an order was a disincentive to a defendant to plead his best case, particularly since prior art from all over the world . .
CitedCIL International Ltd v Vitrashop Ltd ChD 2002
Pumfrey J held that an Earth Closet order was not incompatible with the CPR. His reason was that such an order was not incompatible with the overriding objective: ‘That being the existing state of the law prior to the Civil Procedure Rules it may be . .
CitedIn re GEC Alsthom Limited’s Patent ChD 1996
Laddie J pointed out a number of injustices that could be produced by the making of an Earth Closet order, including: ‘i) Such an order was a disincentive to a defendant to plead his best case, particularly since prior art from all over the world . .
CitedCarey v HSBC Bank plc, Yunis v Barclays Bank plc and similar QBD 23-Dec-2009
(Manchester Mercantile Court) The court considered the effects in detail where a bank was unable to comply with a request under section 78 of the 1974 Act to provide a copy of the agreement signed by the client.
Held: The court set out to give . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Intellectual Property, Litigation Practice

Updated: 26 September 2022; Ref: scu.448137

Nabb Brothers Ltd v Lloyds Bank International (Guernsey) Ltd: ChD 18 Mar 2005

It is not necessary that all the acts giving rise to liability occurred within the jurisdiction.

Citations:

[2005] EWHC 405 (Ch)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

CriticisedIslamic Republic of Pakistan v Zardari and others ComC 6-Oct-2006
The claimant alleged that the defendants had funded the purchase of various properties by secret and unlawful commissions taken by them whilst in power in Pakistan. They sought to recover the proceeds. They now sought permission to serve proceedings . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice, Jurisdiction

Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.223695

Mandrake Holdings Ltd and Another v Countrywide Assured Group Plc: ChD 8 Mar 2005

Whether claim can be amended by High Court for claim which could only succeed if law changed at Court of Appeal

Citations:

[2005] EWHC 311 (Ch)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

Appeal fromMandrake Holdings Ltd and Another v Countrywide Assured Group Ltd CA 12-May-2005
. .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Financial Services, Litigation Practice

Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.223694

Motorola Credit Corporation v Uzan and Others: CA 26 Jun 2002

A world wide asset freezing order had been made. The defendants sought that it be set aside. Pending the hearing of their application, they sought also delay of their obligation to co-operate in providing full details of their finances.
Held: The asset freezing order remained in place. To be effective the information was needed from the defendant. Since they accepted that the order must continue, it followed that the means enquiry must also take place. Where an appeal is grounded on an alleged lack of jurisdiction to make the (disobeyed) order at all, it was generally right to hear the contemnor: ‘we bear in mind that the defendants’ appeals are essentially defensive in nature. Their stance in this jurisdiction has been one of resistance to a series of restrictive and intrusive orders sought by the claimant in foreign proceedings, rather than a voluntary invocation of the powers of the English court for their own benefit. This seems to us to bear on the proportionality of precluding them, as parties in contempt, from what would otherwise be their right of appeal against the freezing orders to which the orders for cross-examination were ancillary. In all the circumstances, we take the view that the defendants should be heard upon, and their arguments treated as addressed to, all of their appeals and applications now before us.’

Judges:

Lord Woolf, Lord Chief Justice, Lord Justice Waller and Lord Justice Sedley

Citations:

Times 10-Jul-2002, Gazette 30-Aug-2002, [2002] EWCA Civ 989, [2002] 2 All ER (Comm) 945

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

CitedBAS Capital Funding Corporation, Deutsche Bank Ag London, Paine Webber Capital Inc, PW Exe Lp, Pw Partners 1999 Lp v Medfinco Limited, Abacus Holdings Limited, Andreas W Gerdes, HTC Inc, etc ChD 25-Jul-2003
The claimants wanted to bring actions in respect of various matters under shareholders agreements in complex international joint ventures. Leave was given to serve English proceedings in Malta, and the claim form and particulars of claim were faxed . .
CitedPolanski v Conde Nast Publications Limited CA 11-Nov-2003
The claimant sought damages for defamation. He feared arrest and extradition to the US if he came to England, and was granted an order allowing him to give evidence by video link. The defendant appealed that order.
Held: There was no absolute . .
See AlsoMotorola Credit Corporation v Uzan and others (No 2) CA 12-Jun-2003
World-wide freezing orders had been made under the 1982 Act. The defendants were members of a Turkish family with substantial business interests in the telecommunications industry. In breach of orders made in the US some defendants had sought to . .
CitedETI Euro Telecom International Nv v Republic of Bolivia and Another CA 28-Jul-2008
The parties were involved in an international investment dispute arbitration. An injunction had been sought to prevent repatriation of assets to Bolivia.
Held: The international system of arbitration was not subject to any national law and did . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice, Contempt of Court

Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.174310

Bell Cablemedia Plc etc v Simmonds: CA 29 Apr 1997

Any person who is legitimately in premises may refer any material found there to the police.

Judges:

Lord Bingham of Cornhill LCJ, Millett, Potter LJJ

Citations:

[1997] EWCA Civ 1549, [2002] FSR 34, [2001] All ER (D) 259 (Jun)

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

CitedGoddard v Nationwide Building Society CA 1986
A solicitor had acted for both purchaser and lender in a purchase transaction. The purchaser later sought to recover from the defendant for a negligent valuation. The solicitor had however discussed the issue with the plaintiff before the purchase, . .

Cited by:

CitedC Plc v P and Attorney General Intervening CA 22-May-2007
The respondent had been subject to a civil search, which revealed the existence of obscene images of children on his computer. He appealed against refusal of an order that the evidence should not be passed to the police as evidence. He said that the . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.141945

United Kingdom Independence Party Ltd v Braine and Others: QBD 18 Dec 2019

Reasons for refusal of two applications by the claimants: (1) an application to continue until trial an interim non-disclosure order against these five defendants, first granted after a hearing without notice on; and (2) an application for an order for seizure and search of the fourth defendant’s computer.

Judges:

Warby J

Citations:

[2019] EWHC 3527 (QB)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Torts – Other, Litigation Practice, Information

Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.645995

Al Zawawi v Newson-Smith: QBD 27 Oct 2016

Defendant’s, having been told that the Master hearing their case found their evidence to date unreliable, applied to him to recuse himself. He refused and the parties now appealed from his refusal of that application.
Held: The appeal was refused.
Morris J extracted eight principles to be applied when a judge considered an application for his recusal: ‘1. The fundamental test is that laid down in Porter v Magill, namely whether a fair-minded and informed observer, having considered all the facts, would conclude that there was a real possibility that the tribunal was biased.
2. There must be substantial evidence of actual or imputed bias before a recusal application will succeed.
3. Where there is real ground for doubt, that doubt should be resolved in favour of recusal.
4. Bias does not arise only where the judge might have a personal interest or connection with the case, but extends to any real possibility that a judge would approach the case with a closed mind or indeed with anything other than an objective view. A real possibility, in other words, that he might in some way have prejudged the case.’ (That is a quote from the case of Otkritie International Investment Management v Urumov [2014] EWCA Civ 1315).
‘5. That an example of bias is where, on any question at issue in the proceedings before him, the judge has expressed views, particularly in the course of the hearing, in such extreme and unbalanced terms as to throw doubt on his ability to try the issue with an objective judicial mind.’ (That is drawn from Locabail at [25].).
‘6. The use of intemperate language, questioning the good faith of the party’s application, or conduct which amounts to entering into the arena, can all result in loss of or perceived loss of the necessary objectivity and impartiality.
7. The opinion of the notional informed and fair-minded observer is not to be confused with the opinion of the litigant. The real possibility test is an objective one.
8. The mere fact that a judge, earlier in the same case or in a previous case, has commented adversely on a party or a witness, or found the evidence of a party or a witness to be unreliable, will not, without more, found a sustainable objection.’

Judges:

Morris J

Citations:

[2016] EWHC 2796 (QB)

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

See AlsoNewson-Smith v Al Zawawi QBD 21-Jul-2017
. .
AppliedSandhu and Another v The Charity Commission and Others ChD 20-Apr-2017
Consideration of application for recusal of the judge.
Held: The judge had expressed doubts about the applicant’s credibility, but that was not enough on its own to require recusal. . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.645942

UBS Ag New York and Others v Fairfield Sentry Ltd and Others: PC 20 May 2019

(From the Court of Appeal of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (British Virgin Islands)) Appeal from refusal to grant an anti-suit injunction to restrain the liquidators of Fairfield Sentry Ltd (‘the liquidators’) from pursuing proceedings in the United States under section 249 of the British Virgin Islands’ Insolvency Act 2003 (‘the IA 2003’). This section empowers the High Court of the BVI (‘the High Court’) to set aside voidable transactions, such as an unfair preference or an undervalue transaction, and to make orders to restore the position to what it would have been if the company had not entered into such transactions.

Judges:

Lord Reed, Lord Hodge, Lord Briggs, Lady Arden, Lord Kitchin

Citations:

[2019] UKPC 20

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

Commonwealth

Insolvency, Litigation Practice

Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.638482

Dar Al Arkan Real Estate Development Company v Al Refai and Others: ComC 12 Dec 2012

The defendants applied to set aside an earlier order made without notice, saying that the claimants had not make full and frank disclosure and misled the court in their evidence and submissions and had not complied with an associated undertaking to and order of the court.

Judges:

Andrew Smith J

Citations:

[2012] EWHC 3539 (Comm)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

See AlsoDar Al Arkan Real Estate Development Company (C) and Another v Al-Sayed Bader Hashim Al-Refai and Others QBD 20-Dec-2013
The defendants sought an order for the committal of officers of the clamant for having failed to comply with court orders and a preservation undertaking, saying that the claimant had destroyed evidence.
Held: The claimants said that such an . .
See AlsoDar Al Arkan Real Estate Development Company and Another v Al-Sayed Bader Hashim Al Refai and Others ComC 11-Apr-2014
Applications as to management of committal application. Andrew Smith J had ruled in favour of the applicant/defendant that without notice orders made against them should be discharged because the claimants had misled the court and failed to comply . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.467069

Morrissey v McNicholas and Another: QBD 26 Oct 2011

The claimant musician alleged defamation, saying that the defendant had accused him of being a right wing racist. The defendant now applied to strike out the claim as an abuse of process because of the claimant’s delay.
Held: The application to strike out the claim failed. The reasons for delay were credible. The allegation was serious and had been widely distributed.

Judges:

Tugendhat J

Citations:

[2011] EWHC 2738 (QB)

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

European Convention on Human Rights 10

Citing:

CitedGrovit and others v Doctor and others HL 24-Apr-1997
The plaintiff began a defamation action against seven defendants. Each had admitted publication but pleaded justification. The claims against the fourth to seventh defendants were dismissed by consent, and the third had gone into liquidation. The . .
CitedGrovit and Another v Doctor and Others CA 28-Oct-1993
A delay in the prosecution of a libel case can be interpreted as an abuse of process. A claimant must pursue his case with vigour, and the court should be ready to resist the use of actions to gag defendants. The court asked whether the appellant’s . .
CitedBirkett v James HL 1977
Exercise of Power to Strike Out
The court has an inherent power to strike out an action for want of prosecution, and the House set down the conditions for its exercise. The power is discretionary and exercisable only where (a) there has been inordinate and inexcusable delay and . .
CitedLait v Evening Standard Ltd CA 28-Jul-2011
The claimant alleged defamation by the defendant in an article regarding her expenses claims as an MP. She appealed against summary judgment in favour of the defence in their pleaded defence of honest comment.
Held: Laws LJ said: ‘The . .
CitedJohn v MGN Ltd CA 12-Dec-1995
Defamation – Large Damages Awards
MGN appealed as to the level of damages awarded against it namely pounds 350,000 damages, comprising pounds 75,000 compensatory damages and pounds 275,000 exemplary damages. The newspaper contended that as a matter of principle there is no scope in . .
CitedDow Jones and Co Inc v Jameel CA 3-Feb-2005
Presumption of Damage in Defamation is rebuttable
The defendant complained that the presumption in English law that the victim of a libel had suffered damage was incompatible with his right to a fair trial. They said the statements complained of were repetitions of statements made by US . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Defamation, Human Rights, Litigation Practice

Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.447534

A B and others v Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust: QBD 9 May 2003

The claimants were involved in a group litigation with regard to the removal of organs without consent from deceased children. The defendant sought an order capping the costs which might be claimed.
Held: In GLO cases the desirability of ensuring that costs are kept within bounds makes it unnecessary for the court to require exceptional circumstances before exercising its discretion to make a costs cap order. Any costs cap should only relate to the costs incurred in relation to generic issues. An order was made identifying limits to the separate areas. The court’s general powers of case management were sufficiently wide to encompass the making of a costs capping order both in group litigation and in other actions.

Judges:

Gage J

Citations:

[2003] EWHC 1034 (QB), Gazette 22-Apr-2004

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

Supreme Court Act 1981 51

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

CitedDavies v Eli Lilly and Co (Opren Litigation) CA 1987
The powers in the section together with the power to make orders for costs under Order 62 of the Rules of the Supreme Court included the power to make a pre-emptive order for costs.
Lord Donaldson MR said: ‘In these circumstances the judge . .
CitedSolutia UK Limited v Griffiths CA 26-Apr-2001
The court considered issues relating to the appropriateness of the claimants instructing London solicitors in a case in which those solicitors had submitted a bill of costs totalling pounds 220,000 in connection with a claim in which their clients . .
CitedThe Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament v The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Others QBD 17-Dec-2002
The applicant sought an advisory order from the court to interpret the meaning of United Nations Security Council resolution no 1441 with regard to steps to be taken under the resolution in the event of the failure of Iraq to comply.
Held: A . .
CitedHome Office v Lownds (Practice Note) CA 21-Mar-2002
The respondent had been ordered to pay costs of over pounds 16,000 in an action for clinical negligence where the final award was only pounds 4,000. The Secretary of State appealed claiming that the costs were disproportionate.
Held: In such . .

Cited by:

CitedKing v Telegraph Group Ltd CA 18-May-2004
The defendant appealed against interim costs orders made in the claim against it for defamation.
Held: The general power of cost capping measures available to courts were available also in defamation proceedings. The claimant was being . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice, Health Professions, Costs

Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.184639

Aquarius Financial Enterprises v Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s: 2001

Judges:

Toulson J

Citations:

(2001) 151 New LJ 694

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

CitedKing v Telegraph Group Ltd CA 18-May-2004
The defendant appealed against interim costs orders made in the claim against it for defamation.
Held: The general power of cost capping measures available to courts were available also in defamation proceedings. The claimant was being . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.198194

Thompson v Grimsby Health Authority And Others: CA 30 Apr 1997

The applicant recovered damages from a driver, but then claimed further damages, over a protracted series of cases, from the health authority where she had been treated. She sought leave to appeal out of time against an order striking out her claim on the ground that it disclosed no cause of action, and was frivolous and vexatious, and that, having been ordered to file a medical report supporting her claim she had failed to produce one. When eventually one was produced, it did not go to support her claim.

Citations:

[1997] EWCA Civ 1560

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Litigation Practice

Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.141956

Olakunle O Olatawura v Alexander O Abiloye: CA 17 Jul 2002

The claimant challenged an order requiring him to give security for costs before proceeding. The judge had felt he was unreasonable in the way he was pursuing his claim. He appealed saying the order was made outside the scope of Part 25.
Held: The rules now allowed orders akin to orders for security for costs in a wider range of cases. Before making such an order the court must be sensitive to the possibility of injustice, and the court should always be on its guard against ‘exorbitant applications for summary judgment . . in a misguided attempt to obtain conditional orders for security for costs’. Orders might now also be made against defendants on the basis that the defence had a limited chance of success, and therefore a similarly based order must be available against a claimant. The court may approach an application for security on the footing that there is ‘something that may not be bona fide’ about the conduct of the claim, in which case the court may come to the conclusion that ‘the other side should have some financial security or protection’.
Simon Brown LJ said: ‘That, however, is by no means to say that the court should ordinarily penalise breaches of the rules and the like by making orders for payment into court under rule 3.1(5). Quite the contrary. The one case drawn to our attention in which this question has been considered – Buckley J’s judgment in Mealey Horgan plc -v- Horgan (transcript 24 May 1999, briefly reported in The Times, 6 July 1999), to which reference is made in paragraph 3.1.5 of the Annual Practice – held that it would be inappropriate to order a defendant to give security as a penalty for failure to serve witness statements in time when that had prejudiced neither the trial nor the claimant. Buckley J suggested, however, that such an order might be appropriate if ‘there is a history of repeated breach of timetables or of court orders or if there is something in the conduct of the party which gives rise to suspicion that they may not be bona fide and the court thinks the other side should have some financial security or protection’. That seems to me to point the way admirably: a party only becomes amenable to an adverse order for security under rule 3.1(5) (or perhaps 3.1(2)(m)) once he can be seen either to be regularly flouting proper court procedures (which must inevitably inflate the costs of the proceedings) or otherwise to be demonstrating a want of good faith – good faith for this purpose consisting of a will to litigate a genuine claim or defence as economically and expeditiously as reasonably possible in according with the over-riding objective.’

Judges:

Lord Justice Dyson

Citations:

Times 24-Jul-2002, Gazette 19-Sep-2002, [2002] EWCA Civ 998, [2003] 1 WLR 275

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

Civil Procedure Rules 25

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

ApprovedMealey Horgan Plc v Horgan QBD 6-Jul-1999
The failure to serve witness statements in time could be used disallow additional evidence to be served only in extreme circumstances. Such a failure can be marked in costs. An order to a party to make a payment into court should be used only in the . .
See AlsoOlatawura v Abiloye CA 14-Mar-2002
Appeal from strike out of claim for failure to pay sum into court. . .

Cited by:

CitedCIBC Mellon Trust Company and others v Mora Hotel Corp Nv and Another CA 19-Nov-2002
A party had been ordered to pay into court as a condition of an application to set aside a judgment, a substantial sum in respect of past costs, and also as security for costs to be incurred. The defendant appealed.
Held: The judge had not . .
CitedKing v Telegraph Group Ltd CA 18-May-2004
The defendant appealed against interim costs orders made in the claim against it for defamation.
Held: The general power of cost capping measures available to courts were available also in defamation proceedings. The claimant was being . .
CitedAl-Koronky and Another v Time Life Entertainment Group Ltd and Another QBD 29-Jul-2005
The defendant to the defamation claim sought security for costs. There had been allegations of dishonesty on either side.
Held: The court should not, upon such an application, enter into the merits of the case in any detail, save in the . .
CitedAllen v Bloomsbury Publishing Plc and Another ChD 14-Oct-2010
The claimant sought damages alleging breach of copyright by the defendant author saying she had copied large parts of the claimant’s work in her book ‘Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire’. The defendant now sought summary judgment, saying the action . .
CitedAllen v Bloomsbury Publishing Plc and Another ChD 18-Mar-2011
Further applications in defendant’s application for summary judgment and or security for costs in the claimant’s claim alleging copyright infringement.
Held: The claimant was ordered to pay a sum of andpound;50,000 as security for costs.
CitedAllen v Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd and Another CA 14-Jul-2011
The claimant appealed against an order requiring him to deposit a substantial sum as security for costs for the bringing of his action for copyright infringement in respect of the Harry Potter series of books.
Held: The appeal failed. The . .
CitedHuscroft v P and O Ferries Ltd CA 21-Dec-2010
Second appeal against order requiring sum for security for costs to be paid into court and in default for the claim to be struck out.
Held: The Court considered its jurisdiction to make an order for security for costs under rule 3.1 and, . .
CitedS v Suren and Another QBD 10-Sep-2004
. .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice, Costs

Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.174335

McPhilemy v Times Newspapers Ltd and Others (2): CA 26 May 1999

The new Civil Procedure Rules did not change the circumstances where the Court of Appeal would interfere with a first instance decision, but would apply the new rules on that decision. Very extensive pleadings in defamation cases should now be otiose. In the modern era of witness statements, extensive and fully particularised pleadings are no longer as necessary as they used to be, so long as they still identify the issues, the extent of the dispute between the parties and the general nature of the case of the pleader.
Lord Woolf MR said: ‘The need for extensive pleadings including particulars should be reduced by the requirement that witness statements are now exchanged. In the majority of proceedings identification of the documents upon which a party relies, together with copies of that party’s witness statements, will make the detail of the nature of the case the other side has to meet obvious. This reduces the need for particulars in order to avoid being taken by surprise. This does not mean that pleadings are now superfluous. Pleadings are still required to mark out the parameters of the case that is being advanced by each party. In particular they are still critical to identify the issues and the extent of the dispute between the parties. What is important is that the pleadings should make clear the general nature of the case of the pleader. This is true both under the old rules and the new rules. The Practice Direction to CPR 16, paragraph 9.3 requires, in defamation proceedings, the facts on which a defendant relies to be given. No more than a concise statement of those facts is required.
As well as their expense, excessive particulars can achieve directly the opposite result from that which is intended. They can obscure the issues rather than providing clarification. In addition, after disclosure and the exchange of witness statements pleadings frequently become of only historic interest.’

Judges:

Lord Woolf MR

Citations:

Times 26-May-1999, [1999] EWCA Civ 1464, [1999] 3 All ER 775, [1999] CPLR 533, [1999] EMLR 751

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

Civil Procedure Rules

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

See AlsoMcPhilemy v Times Newspapers Ltd (No 4) CA 3-Jul-2001
The fact that a defendant had not acted unreasonably in pursuing a case after an offer of settlement, was not a reason for not awarding costs to be paid on an indemnity basis. Such an award had no penal element, and did not first require any . .
See AlsoMcPhilemy v Times Newspapers Limited; Clarke and Neil (1) CA 25-Nov-1998
. .
See AlsoMcPhilemy v Times Newspapers Ltd and Others CA 7-Jun-2000
The new civil procedure rules did not change the basic rules of evidence. The old rule prevented a party putting in evidence a witness statement which he knew conflicted substantially with the case he wished to place before the jury, and then be . .

Cited by:

CitedEvans v James (Administratrix of the Estate of Thomas Hopkin Deceased) CA 5-Jul-1999
Before the parties called evidence, and having read the papers, the court considered that there was no real defence shown, and invited submissions. Negotiations for the grant of a tenancy had been terminated by the sudden illness of the proposed . .
See alsoMcPhilemy v Times Newspapers Limited; Clarke and Neil (1) CA 25-Nov-1998
. .
See alsoMcPhilemy v Times Newspapers Ltd and Others CA 7-Jun-2000
The new civil procedure rules did not change the basic rules of evidence. The old rule prevented a party putting in evidence a witness statement which he knew conflicted substantially with the case he wished to place before the jury, and then be . .
See alsoMcPhilemy v Times Newspapers Ltd; Liam Clarke and and Andrew Neil (No 3) CA 12-Jun-2001
In defamation proceedings the defendant had invited one issue to be left to the jury. After losing the case, the defendant sought to appeal, arguing that the jury’s verdict was perverse. It was held that such an appeal amounted to an abuse of . .
See alsoMcPhilemy v Times Newspapers Ltd (No 4) CA 3-Jul-2001
The fact that a defendant had not acted unreasonably in pursuing a case after an offer of settlement, was not a reason for not awarding costs to be paid on an indemnity basis. Such an award had no penal element, and did not first require any . .
CitedKing v Telegraph Group Ltd CA 18-May-2004
The defendant appealed against interim costs orders made in the claim against it for defamation.
Held: The general power of cost capping measures available to courts were available also in defamation proceedings. The claimant was being . .
CitedUltraframe (UK) Ltd v Fielding and others ChD 27-Jul-2005
The parties had engaged in a bitter 95 day trial in which allegations of forgery, theft, false accounting, blackmail and arson. A company owning patents and other rights had become insolvent, and the real concern was the destination and ownership of . .
CitedPrince Radu of Hohenzollern v Houston and Another (No 4) QBD 4-Mar-2009
Orders were sought to strike out part of the defendants defence of justification to an allegation of defamation.
Held: Where there remains the possibility of a jury trial, it becomes especially important to identify the issues the jurors are . .
See AlsoMcPhilemy v Times Newspapers Ltd and others CA 12-Jun-2001
. .
CitedSheikh and Another v Dogan and Others ChD 17-Nov-2009
The judge had reserved his judgment, but had since received further voluminous representations from a party.
Held: None of the matters raised suggested a proper reason for exercising the jurisdiction given by In re Barrell. The claimant was . .
CitedO’Connor v Piccott and Another PC 17-Feb-2010
(Jamaica) The parties agreed for the sale of land. The seller sought specific performance by the buyer. The buyer had said there was a problem of title. The appellant had failed to defend the proceedings, and appealed against judgment in default. . .
CitedBains and Others v Moore and Others QBD 15-Feb-2017
The claimant anti-asbestos campaigners complained that the defendant investigators had infringed their various rights of privacy. They now sought discovery to support the claim.
Held: the contents of the witness statements do show that it is . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Defamation, Litigation Practice, Civil Procedure Rules

Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.83585

Conquer v Boot: CA 1928

The householder recovered damages in the county court in an action against a builder for breach of a building contract to complete the works in a good and workmanlike manner. He then brought a second action upon the same contract. In the second action, he again alleged a failure to complete the works in a good and workmanlike manner but in addition pleaded that there was a failure to carry out the building works with proper materials. At first instance, the judge in the second action held that householder could not pursue a claim for defects that were obvious at the time of the first action, but that res judicata was no bar to claims in respect of further defects that were not then apparent. A contract to build a house was an entire contract. The proprietor had but one cause of action for breach of a contract to build in a proper and workmanlike manner with proper materials.
Held: The builde’s appeal succeeded
Sankey LJ said: ‘The cause of action here is ; (1) the contract to complete in a good and workmanlike manner a bungalow and (2) the breach of it – I do not think that every breach of it – every particular brick or particular room that is faulty – gives rise to a separate cause of action.’
As to Brunsden, Sankey LJ said: ‘In the present case, adopting the same analogy, it seems to be quite impossible to say that in the first month of the year the plaintiff could have brought his action for failure to complete the dining room in a proper and workmanlike manner and next month for failure to complete the drawing room and so forth.’

Judges:

Sankey LJ

Citations:

[1928] 2 KB 336, [1928] All ER 120

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

AppliedBrunsden v Humphrey CA 1884
The defendant had negligently caused damage to a cab driver and his vehicle in the same accident. The cab driver obtained damages for the damage to his vehicle.
Held: He was not disentitled from bringing fresh proceedings for damages for . .

Cited by:

LimitedPurser and Co (Hillingdon) Limited v Jackson and another ChD 1971
Forbes J said: ‘Mr Macgregor maintains that arbitrations are concerned with disputes and not with causes of action and he says that within a cause of action there may be many disputes and the arbitrator is only concerned with disputes. He contends . .
CitedVirgin Atlantic Airways Ltd v Zodiac Seats UK Ltd SC 3-Jul-2013
Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd sought to recover damages exceeding 49,000,000 pounds for the infringement of a European Patent which did not exist in the form said to have been infringed. The Technical Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office had . .
CitedMoorjani and Others v Durban Estates Ltd and Another TCC 15-May-2019
Allegations of breach of landlords’ repairing obligations – defendants’ strike out application.
Held: ‘ the critical question is whether this second action is based on the same cause, or causes, of action, and not whether it pleads the same . .
CitedMoorjani and Others v Durban Estates Ltd and Another TCC 15-May-2019
Allegations of breach of landlords’ repairing obligations – defendants’ strike out application.
Held: ‘ the critical question is whether this second action is based on the same cause, or causes, of action, and not whether it pleads the same . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Contract, Litigation Practice

Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.468968

Jeffs and Others v The New Zealand Dairy Production and Marketing Board and Others: PC 13 Oct 1966

(New Zealand)

Judges:

Viscount Dilhorne

Citations:

[1966] UKPC 22, [1967] 1 AC 551, [1967] 2 WLR 136, [1966] 3 All ER 863

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

CitedLloyd v McMahon HL 12-Mar-1987
The district auditor had issued a certificate under the 1982 Act surcharging the appellant councillors in the sum of 106,103, pounds being the amount of a loss incurred or deficiency caused, as the auditor found, by their wilful misconduct.
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice, Natural Justice

Updated: 20 September 2022; Ref: scu.445107

Tak Ming Company Limited v Yee Sang Metal Supplies Company: PC 5 Oct 1971

Judges:

Lord Pearson

Citations:

[1971] UKPC 28

Links:

Bailii

Cited by:

See AlsoTak Ming Company Limited v Yee Sang Metal Supplies Company (Hong Kong) PC 11-Dec-1972
(Hong Kong) At trial, the successful party had omitted to ask the court to award interest. Despite some delay, the court had acceded to the request to amend the order under the slip rule to add an appropriate award. The paying party appealed.
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Commonwealth, Litigation Practice

Updated: 20 September 2022; Ref: scu.444473

Byers and Others v Samba Financial Group: ChD 20 Dec 2019

Application by the defendant issued for an extension of the date by which the defendant was required to give standard disclosure.

Judges:

Mr Justice Fancourt

Citations:

[2019] EWHC 3690 (Ch)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group ChD 8-Apr-2020
. .
See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group ChD 24-Apr-2020
. .
See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group ChD 2-Oct-2020
. .
See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group (230) ChD 15-Jan-2021
Reasons for grant of leave to appeal . .
See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group (60) ChD 15-Jan-2021
. .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 19 September 2022; Ref: scu.649082

Byers and Others v Samba Financial Group: ChD 8 Apr 2020

Judges:

Justice Fancourt

Citations:

[2020] EWHC 853 (Ch)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group ChD 20-Dec-2019
Application by the defendant issued for an extension of the date by which the defendant was required to give standard disclosure. . .

Cited by:

See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group ChD 24-Apr-2020
. .
See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group ChD 2-Oct-2020
. .
See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group (230) ChD 15-Jan-2021
Reasons for grant of leave to appeal . .
See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group (60) ChD 15-Jan-2021
. .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 19 September 2022; Ref: scu.649955

Byers and Others v Samba Financial Group: ChD 2 Oct 2020

Judges:

Fancourt J

Citations:

[2020] EWHC 2591 (Ch)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group ChD 20-Dec-2019
Application by the defendant issued for an extension of the date by which the defendant was required to give standard disclosure. . .
See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group ChD 8-Apr-2020
. .
See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group ChD 24-Apr-2020
. .

Cited by:

See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group (230) ChD 15-Jan-2021
Reasons for grant of leave to appeal . .
See AlsoByers and Others v Samba Financial Group (60) ChD 15-Jan-2021
. .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 19 September 2022; Ref: scu.654536

Cadogan Petroleum Plc and Others v Tolley and Others: ChD 7 Sep 2011

The courts considered various interlocutory applications.

Judges:

Newey J

Citations:

[2011] EWHC 2286 (Ch)

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

CitedMichael Wilson and Partners Ltd v Sinclair and Others ComC 21-Sep-2012
The claimant company alleged that the defendants had variously received assests (shares and cash) acquired by a former partner in the claimant company and held on his behalf, in breach of his obligations to the caimant partnership. The defendants . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 19 September 2022; Ref: scu.444297

Sharon Investments Ltd v Mauritius Revenue Authority: PC 12 Sep 2011

(Supreme Court of Mauritius) The appellant challenged a refusal of the court to order a copy of the record of the proceedings at the tribunal stage should be made available to the parties for the appeal.
Held: The appeal was dismissed.

Judges:

Lord Phillips, Lord Brown, Lord Mance, Lord Wilson, Sir Stephen Sedley

Citations:

[2011] UKPC 34

Links:

Bailii

Commonwealth, Litigation Practice

Updated: 19 September 2022; Ref: scu.443858

Wittman (UK) Ltd v Willdav Engineering Sa: CA 10 May 2007

Application by the respondent under CPR Rule 52.9(1)(c) for an order that the appellant be required to pay into court the amount of the judgment debt together with a sum of money on account of the costs of the action as a condition of pursuing the appeal.

Judges:

Moore-Bick LJ

Citations:

[2007] EWCA Civ 521

Links:

Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Costs, Litigation Practice

Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.442424

M and W Grazebrook Ltd v Wallens: 1973

Communications between the client and his non-lawyer representative, and communications between that representative and third party witnesses, are privileged despite the fact that the representative may have no professional qualification. Sir John Donaldson said: ‘Before industrial tribunals it is the rule, rather than the exception, for parties to be represented by persons other than lawyers. Indeed, it is the policy of Parliament to encourage such representation. If the law to be applied to industrial tribunals were not as stated in the note in the county court rules: ‘Communications not only with legal advisers, but with other agents, with an actual view to the litigation in hand, and the mode of conduct of it, also are privileged’], the position would arise that, for example, a personnel officer, when examining as a witness a works foreman, could, at the end of the works foreman’s evidence, be called upon to hand over the proof of evidence from which he had been examining the witness. Obviously, that would be a wholly untenable situation.’

Judges:

Sir John Donaldson

Citations:

[1973] ICR 256

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

CitedPrudential Plc and Another, Regina (on the Application of) v Special Commissioner of Income Tax and Another Admn 14-Oct-2009
The company had obtained legal advice but had taken it from their accountants. The Revenue sought its disclosure, and the company said that as legal advice it was protected by legal professional privilege.
Held: The material was not protected. . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Employment, Litigation Practice

Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.376226

Finch v Brooke: 28 Apr 1836

A rule for entering up judgment in a writ of false judgment having been made absolute, costs were taxed, and the prothonotary’s allocatur indorsed on the back of the rule. The Plaintiff then issued execution without further entering or signing
judgment.
Held: irregular.

Citations:

[1836] EngR 639, (1836) 2 Bing NC 711, (1836) 132 ER 274 (A)

Links:

Commonlii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Litigation Practice

Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.314971

King and Another v Hoare: 25 Nov 1844

A judgment (without satisfaction) recovered against one of two joint debtors is a bar to an action against the other: – Secus where the debt is joint and several. – And it is pleadable in bar, and not in abatement. – Such a plea need not contain a verification by the record, or prayer of judgment.
Judgment had been recovered against one defendant alone and was unsatisfied. A separate action commenced against another defendant in respect of the same contract was held inadmissible. The proposition was stated in general terms as follows: ‘If there be a breach of contract, or wrong done, or any other cause of action by one against another, and judgment be recovered in a court of record, the judgment is a bar to the original cause of action, because it is thereby reduced to a certainty, and the object of the suit attained, so far as it can be at that stage; and it would be useless and vexatious to subject the defendant to another suit for the purpose of obtaining the same result. Hence the legal maxim, ‘transit in rem judicatam,’ – the cause of action is changed into matter of record, which is of a higher nature, and the inferior remedy is merged in the higher. This appears to be equally true where there is but one cause of action, whether it be against a single person or many. The judgment of a court of record changes the nature of that cause of action, and prevents its being the subject of another suit, and the cause of action, being single, cannot afterwards be divided into two.’

Judges:

Parke B

Citations:

[1844] EngR 1042, (1844) 13 M and W 494, (1844) 153 ER 206

Links:

Commonlii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Cited by:

CitedVirgin Atlantic Airways Ltd v Zodiac Seats UK Ltd SC 3-Jul-2013
Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd sought to recover damages exceeding 49,000,000 pounds for the infringement of a European Patent which did not exist in the form said to have been infringed. The Technical Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office had . .
CitedKendall v Hamilton HL 1879
The plaintiff had made a loan to a partnership consisting of Wilson and McLay in order to finance certain shipments. Unknown to the plaintiff, the shipments were in fact for the joint benefit of Wilson, McLay and one Hamilton, who had authorised . .
CitedTaylor v Van Dutch Marine Holding Ltd and Others ChD 22-Jul-2019
. .
CitedMoorjani and Others v Durban Estates Ltd and Another TCC 15-May-2019
Allegations of breach of landlords’ repairing obligations – defendants’ strike out application.
Held: ‘ the critical question is whether this second action is based on the same cause, or causes, of action, and not whether it pleads the same . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.305634

North British Housing Association Ltd v Matthews, Same v Others: CA 21 Dec 2004

In each case the tenants requested adjournment of the possession proceedings brought against them by the landlord for arrears of rent to allow them time to bring the arrears below the level at which a possession order could be made. In each case it was said that the situation arose from maladministration by the local authority of their housing benefit, and that this was an exceptional circumstance to allow an adjournment.
Held: The effective date was the date of the hearing. The judge had no discretion to adjourn, and the failures of the local authority did not create an exceptional circumstance. To adjourn the case would deprive the landlord of its claim. ‘the authorities tend in our judgment to show that the court should not adjourn a hearing date for the purpose of enabling a defendant to rely on a subsequent change in the law or the facts and thereby defeat the claim. ‘ and ‘We acknowledge that this conclusion will lead to tenants who are in receipt of housing benefit having no defence to a claim for possession in circumstances where they are not at fault. The statutory scheme is, therefore, potentially draconian in its application.’

Judges:

Lord Justice Brooke Vice President Of The Court Of Appeal (Civil Division) Lord Justice Mance And Lord Justice Dyson

Citations:

[2004] EWCA Civ 1736, Times 11-Jan-2005, [2005] 1 WLR 3133, [2005] 2 All ER 667, [2005] HLR 17

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

Housing Act 1988 8

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

CitedBritish Anzani (Felixstowe) Ltd v International Marine Management (UK) Ltd ChD 19-Dec-1978
Money expended by a tenant on discharging his landlord’s covenants will in appropriate circumstances operate as a partial or a complete discharge so as to furnish a defence at law to a claim for unpaid rent; and where the tenant has suffered damage . .
CitedManchester City Council v Cochrane and Cochrane CA 21-Dec-1998
The tenants held an introductory tenancy under the Act. The council sought possession, after giving notice, and after its review under the Act. The tenants objected, but the Council denied the right of the County Court to hear the objection, arguing . .
CitedMountain v Hastings CA 16-Apr-1993
The tenant disputed the effect of a notice to quit. Paragraph 3 of the form read: ‘The landlord intends to seek possession on grounds . . in Schedule 2 to the Housing Act 1988, which reads: Give the full text of each ground which is being relied on. . .
CitedRegina v Walsall Justices, ex parte W (a minor) QBD 1990
A youth was charged with causing grievous bodily harm. His trial was fixed for 11 October 1988. On the date of trial, the prosecution applied for an adjournment on the grounds that, if the trial proceeded immediately and the magistrates decided that . .
CitedAndy Coltrane v Janice Day CA 14-Mar-2003
In the course of possession proceedings for non payment of rent under an assured tenancy, the tenant gave the landlord a cheque which cleared the arrears.
Held: The past course of dealings between the parties showed that the landlord had . .
CitedKingcastle Limited v Owen-Owen CA 19-Feb-1999
In a claim for possession of residential premises, the defendant who was the gay partner of the deceased tenant, to have succeeded to his partner’s tenancy as a member of his family.
Held: A court may adjourn a case pending the outcome of an . .
CitedCity Council of Bristol v Lovell HL 26-Feb-1998
A County Court may stay a right to buy application by the tenant, even though terms had been agreed, in order to await the result of court proceedings for possession against the secure misbehaving tenant. A court’s case management powers can be . .
CitedCity Council of Bristol v Lovell HL 26-Feb-1998
A County Court may stay a right to buy application by the tenant, even though terms had been agreed, in order to await the result of court proceedings for possession against the secure misbehaving tenant. A court’s case management powers can be . .
CitedRegina v Dudley Magistrates Court ex parte Hollis; Robert v Same Admn 25-Nov-1997
An award of costs is inevitable after a finding of statutory nuisance and such costs include cost of establishing the nuisance. ‘The wide discretion as to whether to grant an adjournment conferred by section 10 and section 54 of the Magistrates’ . .
CitedRegina v A Circuit Judge (sitting at Norwich County Court) ex parte Wathen QBD 1976
Lessors claimed for arrears of rent, forfeiture of the lease and possession of the premises. The lessee admitted the arrears, advanced no defence and did not seek an adjournment. The judge, of his own motion, adjourned the hearing because the . .
CitedBirmingham Citizens Permanent Building Society v Caunt 1962
The court considered whether there it had jurisdiction to refuse to order possession in favour of a legal mortgagee under an instalment mortgage under which, by reason of default, the whole money had become payable.
Held: The court made an . .
CitedLondon and Quadrant Housing Trust v Sandra Ison 8-Sep-2003
(Romford County Court) ‘A judge who adjourns the hearing of a ground 8 possession claim solely in order to allow a defendant an opportunity to defeat that claim, whether by extracting payment from the housing benefit authority or from any other . .
CitedStewart v Engel, BDO Stoy Hayward CA 17-May-2000
A judge may reopen a case even after he has delivered his final judgment. A judge invited counsel to amend his pleading to incorporate an improvement, but in the face of his repeated failure to take up the invitation, entered final judgment against . .
LeaveNorth British Housing Association Limited v Lorraine Matthews CA 21-Dec-2004
. .

Cited by:

CitedS v Floyd, Equality and Human Rights Commission CA 18-Mar-2008
The court considered the relationship between the two Acts. The assured tenant had fallen into arrears, and was subject to an order for possession. He claimed that his disability required the court not to make an order for possession against her, . .
CitedMexfield Housing Co-Operative Ltd v Berrisford ChD 5-Oct-2009
The claimant appealed against refusal of a summary order for possession of the defendant tenant’s house for arrears of rent. The arrears arose through delay in payment of Housing Benefit, and all arrears had been cleared by the hearing of the . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Housing, Litigation Practice

Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.220526

Plymouth City Council v Hoskin: CA 1 May 2002

Citations:

[2002] EWCA Civ 684

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

Access to Justice Act 1999 54

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

See AlsoPlymouth City Council v Hoskin CA 18-Feb-2002
Possession order – anti-social behaviour . .

Cited by:

See AlsoPlymouth City Council v Hoskin CA 18-Feb-2002
Possession order – anti-social behaviour . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Litigation Practice

Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.217212

Dunnett v Railtrack plc: CA 22 Feb 2002

The claimant had appealed a judgment against her. The court itself recommended that the parties use a method of alternate dispute resolution, to avoid the need for appeal. The defendant refused, not wishing to make any payment over and above the offer it had already made.
Held: The defendant, otherwise successful on appeal, should be penalised in costs. No award of costs was made. Parties should bear in mind the over-riding objective, and the purpose of ADR. A party should be particularly careful before rejecting ADR when recommended by the court, and should not be surprised if penalised in costs for not following such a recommendation.

Judges:

Lord Justice Brooke, Lord Justice Robert Walker and Lord Justice Sedley

Citations:

Times 03-Apr-2002, Gazette 18-Apr-2002, [2002] EWCA Civ 303, [2002] 1 WLR 2434, [2002] CPLR 309, [2002] 2 All ER 850

Links:

Bailii

Statutes:

Civil Procedure Rules 44(4)

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

Appeal fromDunnett v Railtrack plc CA 22-Feb-2002
The claimant had appealed a judgment against her. The court itself recommended that the parties use a method of alternate dispute resolution, to avoid the need for appeal. The defendant refused, not wishing to make any payment over and above the . .
See AlsoDunnett v Railtrack Plc (302) CA 22-Feb-2002
. .

Cited by:

CitedHalsey v Milton Keynes General NHS Trust etc CA 11-May-2004
The court considered the effect on costs orders of a refusal to take part in alternate dispute resolution procedures. The defendant Trust had refused to take the dispute to a mediation. In neither case had the court ordered or recommended ADR.
CitedHurst v Leeming (9026) ChD 9-May-2002
The claimant solicitor, had instructed the defendant, a barrister, to represent him in a civil claim. He sought had damages for alleged negligence. He had agreed that the action could not proceed, and the court had to decide the costs. He resisted . .
CitedRolf v De Guerin CA 9-Feb-2011
The parties had disputed a building contract. A Part 36 offer had been made by the builder defendant, but the judgment was for rather less, and the judge awarded the claimant her costs.
Held: The court exercised its discretion to set aside the . .
Appeal fromDunnett v Railtrack plc CA 22-Feb-2002
The claimant had appealed a judgment against her. The court itself recommended that the parties use a method of alternate dispute resolution, to avoid the need for appeal. The defendant refused, not wishing to make any payment over and above the . .
CitedDSN v Blackpool Football Club Ltd QBD 20-Mar-2020
Indemnity costs award on ADR refusal
The claimant succeeded in his claim for damages for historic sexual abuse, and recovered more than his rejected offer for settlement. He now claimed his costs on an indemnity basis.
Held: ‘It is correct that an order for indemnity costs means . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Costs, Litigation Practice

Updated: 16 September 2022; Ref: scu.168117

Time Group Limited v Computer 2000 Distribution Limited and IBM United Kingdom Limited: TCC 4 Feb 2002

Computers had been supplied by the second defendant to the claimant and first defendant at different times for exclusive distribution in the UK. Defects were alleged. The case concerned applications made for dismissal of a case as an abuse of process, and for discovery. A previous action had been settled against the second defendant. Allegations were made of computers being sold when they were known to be defective. Time sought to encourage the first defendant to join in IBM as Part 20 defendant, and agreed to limit its claim to assist.
Held: Pursuing one defendant and limiting the claim to what that defendant might recover from a third party, was not necessarily wrong. Abuse was possible when an issue was pursued which could have been dealt with in earlier proceedings. Time had not joined the first defendant in the first action. That rule is now capable of applying, even where the parties were different. When abuse is revealed, the court has a duty, not a discretion, to dismiss the action.
Held: Here the claimant was acting in a devious way, and the claim was an abuse and was to be struck out.

Judges:

His Honour Judge Bowsher QC

Citations:

[2002] EWHC 126 (Technology)

Links:

Bailii, Bailii

Jurisdiction:

England and Wales

Citing:

CitedHenderson v Henderson 20-Jul-1843
Abuse of Process and Re-litigation
The court set down the principles to be applied in abuse of process cases, where a matter was raised again which should have been dealt with in earlier proceedings.
Sir James Wigram VC said: ‘In trying this question I believe I state the rule . .
CitedBradford and Bingley Building Society v Seddon and Hancock; Walsh and Rhodes (Trading As Hancocks (a Firm) CA 11-Mar-1999
There was an unsatisfied judgment on a claim by a defendant in an earlier action against a third party. In a subsequent action against the defendant the latter issued third party proceedings against the original and different third parties.
CitedJohnson v Gore Wood and Co HL 14-Dec-2000
Shareholder May Sue for Additional Personal Losses
A company brought a claim of negligence against its solicitors, and, after that claim was settled, the company’s owner brought a separate claim in respect of the same subject-matter.
Held: It need not be an abuse of the court for a shareholder . .

Cited by:

Appeal fromComputer 2000 Distribution Ltd and others v ICM Computer Solutions Plc CA 17-Nov-2004
The claimant delivered computer equipment against a fraudulent invoice issued in the name of the defendant.
Held: The loss here had to fall on an innocent party. Having delivered the equipment to the site requested, the claimant had done all . .
Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Contract, Litigation Practice

Updated: 16 September 2022; Ref: scu.167600