A (A Child) and Another, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for Health: CA 22 Jul 2015

The court considered an appeal from a refusal of judicial review of a decision not to provide free abortion services in England to women from Northern Ireland.
Held: The appeal failed.

Moore-Bick, Elias, McCombe LJJ
[2015] EWCA Civ 771, [2015] Fam Law 1175, [2015] WLR(D) 335, (2015) 146 BMLR 107, [2016] 1 WLR 331, [2016] 2 FLR 502, (2015) 146 BMLR 107
Bailii, WLRD
National Health Service Act 2006 3
England and Wales
Citing:
Appeal fromA and Another, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for Health Admn 8-May-2014
This claim concerns the lawfulness of the extent of and limitations on the provision of abortion services by the National Heath Service (‘NHS’) in England to a person present in England but ordinarily resident in Northern Ireland. There are two . .

Cited by:
Appeal fromA and B, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for Health SC 14-Jun-2017
The court was asked: ‘Was it unlawful for the Secretary of State for Health, the respondent, who had power to make provisions for the functioning of the National Health Service in England, to have failed to make a provision which would have enabled . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Health Professions

Updated: 02 January 2022; Ref: scu.550491

Commission v Italy C-307/94: ECJ 29 Feb 1996

(Judgment) Freedom of movement for persons – Freedom of establishment – Freedom to provide services – Activities in the field of pharmacy – Directive 85/432 – Implementation by Member States – Time-limit – Postponement by a Member State of the entry into force of new university curricula depriving some qualified persons of the benefit of the mutual recognition of qualifications – Not permissible
(Council Directive 85/432, Arts 1, 2 and 5)
A Member State which, by adopting out of time provisions to implement Directive 85/432 concerning the coordination of provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in respect of certain activities in the field of pharmacy, postpones the time-limit laid down therein for the entry into force of new training curricula meeting the requirements of the directive, with the result that students will follow a course of study whose failure to comply with those requirements precludes the mutual recognition of their qualifications, whereas the belated implementation of the directive does not automatically entail such effects because an additional training programme could have been organized for those students who had commenced their studies after the expiry of the time-limit for transposition but before actual transposition, fails to fulfil its obligations under that directive and particularly under Articles 1, 2 and 5 thereof.

[1996] EUECJ C-307/94
Bailii
European

Health Professions

Updated: 01 January 2022; Ref: scu.161467

Rapp, Regina (on The Aapplication of) v The Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman and Another: Admn 15 May 2015

Claim for judicial review of a decision by the Ombudsman to uphold the conclusions in her final report upholding certain aspects of the Claimant’s complaint about the Interested Party and found maladministration which had given rise to injustice to the Claimant.

Andrews DBE J
[2015] EWHC 1344 (Admin)
Bailii
England and Wales

Health Professions

Updated: 30 December 2021; Ref: scu.546842

Whapples, Regina (on The Application of) v Birmingham Crosscity Clinical Commissioning Group and Others: CA 29 Apr 2015

‘The question in this appeal is whether the Birmingham Crosscity Clinical Commissioning Group of the National Health Service [‘the CCG’] is obliged to pay for a private flat in which the appellant will receive ‘NHS Continuing Healthcare’. ‘

Underhill, Vos, Burnett LJJ
[2015] EWCA Civ 435
Bailii
England and Wales

Health Professions

Updated: 29 December 2021; Ref: scu.546156

TZ v General Medical Council: Admn 17 Apr 2015

Appeal against decision of a Fitness to Practise Panel holding that the Appellant’s fitness to practise as a medical practitioner was impaired by reason of his misconduct. It directed that his name be erased from the Medical Register under section 35D of the Act. Acting as a locum at an AandE hospital attending a young female, he was alleged to have assaulted her. He said that the complainant’s evidence had been shown incorrect in several ways, and that two additional witnesses had not been made available. He asked the committee to review its own decision.
Held: ‘Given the absence of an equivalent review mechanism in the case of medical practitioners, I regard Muscat as important in its recognition of the factor that it is not in the public interest that a qualified health professional, capable of giving good service to patients, should be struck off his professional register, and that that is a factor which, in an appropriate case, can justify departure from what Smith LJ pithily described as ‘the old Ladd v Marshall straightjacket.’
. . And ‘Given the existence of the discretion in this case, the issues for the Panel on the exercise of discretion would have been; ‘i) what was the relevance of the new evidence?
ii) why had it not been called before?
iii) what significance did it have in the context of the draft findings of the Panel?
iv) what effects would its admission have on the conduct of the hearing, and in particular on
a) the need to recall witnesses
b) the length of the hearing
v) taking all matters into account, would justice be done if it were not received and heard?’

Gilbart J
[2015] EWHC 1001 (Admin)
Bailii
Medical Act 1983 40
Citing:
CitedPrudential Assurance Company Ltd v McBains Cooper (A Firm) and Others CA 23-May-2000
A judge who had submitted a draft judgment to the parties for comment before publishing a final version, was entitled to go ahead and publish his judgment notwithstanding that the parties had reached a settlement after seeing the draft. The judge . .
CitedRegina v Jones (Anthony William) HL 20-Feb-2002
The defendant absconded, and did not appear for his trial despite several listings. The trial proceeded in his absence entirely. After arrest, he appealed, saying that he had not had a fair trial.
Held: It was not suggested that he did not . .
CitedLadd v Marshall CA 29-Nov-1954
Conditions for new evidence on appeal
At the trial, the wife of the appellant’s opponent said she had forgotten certain events. After the trial she began divorce proceedings, and informed the appellant that she now remembered. He sought either to appeal admitting fresh evidence, or for . .
CitedIn re Harrison’s Share Under a Settlement CA 1955
The judge had recalled an order approving the variation of a settlement on behalf of infant, unborn and unascertained persons, because after he had pronounced it but before it was formally drawn up the House of Lords had decided that there was no . .
CitedIn re Barrell Enterprises CA 1972
A judge has power to reconsider a judgement which he has delivered before the order consequent upon it has been sealed, but the judge should only exercise this power if there are strong reasons for doing so. When oral judgments have been given the . .
CitedPittalis v Sherefettin CA 1986
On the day after the judge had given judgment in a county court, he decided that he had been wrong. The judge provided the party with grounds upon which he would, if not persuaded otherwise, alter his previous judgment and order. A further hearing . .
CitedCompagnie Noga D’Importation et d’Exportation SA v Abacha ComC 5-Mar-2001
A party asked the court to reconsider its judgment after it had been handed down saying that the judge had acted in error. Rix LJ referred to the need to balance the concern for finality against the ‘proper concern that courts should not be held by . .
CitedRobinson v Fernsby, Scott-Kilvert CA 19-Dec-2003
The judge had drafted his judgment and sent the drafts to the parties for comment. He then received additional written representations from one party, from which he realised that he had made an error, and issued a corrected judgment which a . .
CitedPaulin v Paulin CA 17-Mar-2009
The court considered an application by the wife when, anticipating ancillary relief claims, the husband sought to have himself declared bankrupt, and she intervened to have the bankruptcy set aside. The husband now appealed.
Held: Wilson LJ . .
CitedMuscat v Health Professions Council CA 21-Oct-2009
A radiographer had asked the court to reconsider its verdict in a disciplinary action. He was said to have caused two female patients (on different occasions) to remove their clothing for the purposes of carrying out a scan, when it was not . .
CitedRe L and B (Children) SC 20-Feb-2013
The court was asked as to the extent to which a court, having once declared its decision, could later change its mind. Though this case arose with in care proceedings, the court asked it as a general question. The judge in a fact finding hearing in . .
CitedJasinarachchi v General Medical Council Admn 31-Oct-2014
The doctor appealed, not against the finding of misconduct, but against the penalty imposed by the Fitness to Practice Panel. Following the decision, matters had come to light concerning the practical consequences of suspending a trainee doctor’s . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Health Professions

Updated: 29 December 2021; Ref: scu.545611

Ireland and Another v Health and Care Professions Council: Admn 27 Mar 2015

Application for judicial review on a point as to the scope of the power of the Health and Care Professions Council to supplement an allegation which had already been referred by the Investigating Committee to the Conduct and Competence Committee, both being Practice Committees of the Council.

Jay J
[2015] EWHC 846 (Admin)
Bailii

Health Professions

Updated: 29 December 2021; Ref: scu.544934

Schloendorff v Society of New York Hospital: 1913

(USA) The libertarian principle of self-determination allows that ‘Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body, and a surgeon who performs an operation without the patient’s consent commits an assault.’

Cardozo J
(1914) 105 NE 92, (1914) 211 NY 125, (1914) 52 LRANS 505
United States
Cited by:
CitedF v West Berkshire Health Authority HL 17-Jul-1990
The parties considered the propriety of a sterilisation of a woman who was, through mental incapacity, unable to give her consent.
Held: The appeal succeeded, and the operation would be lawful if the doctor considered it to be in the best . .
CitedPurdy, Regina (on the Application of) v Director of Public Prosecutions and others CA 19-Feb-2009
The claimant suffered a debilitating terminal disease. She anticipated going to commit suicide at a clinic in Switzerland, and wanted first a clear policy so that her husband who might accompany her would know whether he might be prosecuted under . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

International, Torts – Other, Health Professions

Updated: 28 December 2021; Ref: scu.250060

Torbay Quality Care Forum Ltd, Regina (on The Application of) v Torbay Council: Admn 23 Dec 2014

An association of independent care home operators challenge by judicial review the decision of the Defendant local authority setting a ‘usual cost’ figure in respect of the costs of care.

Lambert HHJ
[2014] EWHC 4321 (Admin)
Bailii
England and Wales

Health Professions, Local Government

Updated: 24 December 2021; Ref: scu.540478

Wray v General Osteopathic Council: QBD 15 Dec 2020

Mrs Justice Collins Rice
[2020] EWHC 3409 (QB)
Bailii
England and Wales
Cited by:
Appeal fromWray v General Osteopathic Council CA 17-Dec-2021
Registered osteopath given conditional discharge for possession of offensive weapon in public place . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Health Professions

Updated: 24 December 2021; Ref: scu.656966

Konovalova v Russia: ECHR 9 Oct 2014

ECHR Article 8-1
Respect for private life
Presence without mother’s consent of medical students during child birth: violation
Facts – The applicant was admitted to a public hospital in anticipation of the birth of her child. At the time of her admission, she was handed a booklet advising patients about their possible involvement in the hospital’s clinical teaching programme. The applicant was suffering from complications associated with her pregnancy and, on two separate occasions, was put into a drug-induced sleep because she was suffering from fatigue. She alleges that she was informed prior to being sedated that her delivery was scheduled for the next day and would be attended by medical students. The delivery took place as scheduled in the presence of doctors and medical students who had been briefed about her health and medical treatment. According to the applicant, she had objected in the delivery room to the presence of medical students.
The domestic courts dismissed the applicant’s civil action, essentially on the grounds that the legislation did not require the written consent of a patient to the presence of medical students at the time of delivery. The applicant had been given a copy of the hospital’s booklet, which contained an express warning about the possible presence of medical students, and there was no evidence to show that she had raised an objection.
Law – Article 8: The attendance of medical students with access to confidential medical information at the birth had been sufficiently sensitive to amount to interference with her private life. That interference had had a legal basis under the domestic law in force at the time, namely Article 54 of the Health Care Act, which provided that specialist medical students could observe patients’ treatment in line with the requirements of their curriculum and under the supervision of the medical staff responsible for them.
However, Article 54 was of a general nature, principally aimed at enabling medical students to take part in the treatment of patients as part of their clinical education. The relevant national legislation in force at the time did not contain any safeguards to protect patients’ privacy rights.
This serious shortcoming was exacerbated by the way in which the hospital and domestic courts had addressed the issue. In particular, the booklet issued by the hospital contained a rather vague reference to the involvement of medical students in the ‘study process’, without specifying the scope and degree of that involvement. Moreover, the involvement of medical students was presented in such a way as to suggest that participation was mandatory and that the applicant had no choice in the matter.
In addition, when dismissing the applicant’s civil claim the domestic courts failed to take a number of important considerations into account: the inadequacy of the information in the hospital’s booklet; the applicant’s vulnerability at the time of notification of her possible involvement in the clinical teaching programme (she had suffered prolonged contractions and been in a drug-induced sleep); and the availability of alternative arrangements in the event of her objecting to the presence of the students during the birth.
Given the lack of procedural safeguards against arbitrary interference with privacy rights in the national legislation at the time, the presence of the medical students during the birth had not been in accordance with the law.
Conclusion: violation of Article 8 (unanimously).
Article 41: EUR 3,000 in respect of non-pecuniary damage; claim in respect of pecuniary damage dismissed.

37873/04 – Legal Summary, [2014] ECHR 1308
Bailii
European Convention on Human Rights
Human Rights

Human Rights, Health Professions

Updated: 23 December 2021; Ref: scu.538926

Malik v The United Kingdom: ECHR 13 Mar 2012

ECHR The applicant alleged that his suspension from the list of those authorised to practise as doctors for the National Health Service constituted a violation of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1.

Lech Garlicki, P
[2012] ECHR 438, 23780/08
Bailii
European Convention on Human Rights, National Health Service (General Medical Services Contracts) Regulations 2004
Citing:
See AlsoMalik v The United Kingdom ECHR 25-Jan-2010
The applicant began practising as a general medical practitioner in 1978 from premises which he owned. He was a sole practitioner and had a panel of 1,400 patients, many of whom were from the local Bangladeshi population.
On 30 March 2004, he . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Human Rights, Health Professions

Updated: 23 December 2021; Ref: scu.538778

Jasinarachchi v General Medical Council: Admn 31 Oct 2014

The doctor appealed, not against the finding of misconduct, but against the penalty imposed by the Fitness to Practice Panel. Following the decision, matters had come to light concerning the practical consequences of suspending a trainee doctor’s registration. It was said that this cast a fresh light on the determination, making it unduly harsh and disproportionate and that this cannot have been envisaged by the Panel. If this basis succeeded, and the first ground did not, the Appellant invited the court to remit his case for further consideration on the issue of sanction exercising the power under section 40(7)(d) of the Act.
Held: Stewart J allowed the second ground: ‘I rule in favour of allowing the additional evidence and in favour of A’s case on this basis for the following reasons:
(i) Although the first principle in Ladd v Marshall cannot be relied upon by A, the culpability of A is not particularly high in this regard. He was represented. However, there is no evidence to suggest that anybody appreciated the possible consequences of his suspension. It is correct that the Gold Guide then in force made it clear that the NTN would be given up if a trainee was suspended and that (at that stage) there would be a right of appeal; further that it was open to those who had had their training numbers removed to reapply for competitive entry to specialty training at a later date should circumstances change. Nevertheless, whilst paying proper regard to the fact that all the principles in Ladd v Marshall are of relevance and of powerful persuasive authority, I do not regard the lack of compliance with this first principle to be determinative. There is no suggestion that the Postgraduate Dean in any way alerted A or his lawyers to these consequences and no evidence that the Panel was aware of them.
(ii) As to the second principle in Ladd v Marshall, it is difficult for the court, on the basis of the evidence provided, to quantify the risk that A’s GP specialty training may be at an end if he is suspended. Looking at the evidence of Ms Willmott, I nevertheless consider that there is a real risk that this will occur. Nobody was aware of any precedent of a suspended trainee applying to get back on the Register and what the prospects of success were or were not. It will of course be open to the FTPP to come to the same conclusion i.e. that A should be suspended. That said, I do regard the fresh evidence as probably having an important influence on the result of the case. It may indeed not be decisive but that is a matter for a properly informed FTPP to decide.
(iii) Clearly the fresh evidence is credible, especially as in the circumstances I am basing my judgment on Ms Willmott’s testimony.
(iv) Considering the overriding objective this, in my judgment, is one of the perhaps rare cases where, notwithstanding that one of the Ladd v Marshall principles has not been complied with, justice requires the fresh evidence to be admitted and for the matter to be considered by the FTPP. Both parties agree, and the order reflects, that this will not be a re-hearing of the case but merely a hearing which takes into account the fresh evidence so as to decide what if any difference it makes to sanctions. That also is a relevant factor, namely that the further disciplinary process will be limited in extent.’

Stewart J
[2014] EWHC 3570 (Admin)
Bailii
England and Wales
Cited by:
CitedTZ v General Medical Council Admn 17-Apr-2015
Appeal against decision of a Fitness to Practise Panel holding that the Appellant’s fitness to practise as a medical practitioner was impaired by reason of his misconduct. It directed that his name be erased from the Medical Register under section . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Health Professions, Litigation Practice

Updated: 23 December 2021; Ref: scu.538203

The Secretary of State for Justice v A Local Authority and Others: CA 22 Oct 2021

Appeal from a decision that care workers would not commit a criminal offence under section 39 of the 2003 Act were they to make the practical arrangements for a 27 year old man to visit a sex worker in circumstances where he has capacity (within the meaning of the 2005 Act) to consent to sexual relations and decide to have contact with a sex worker but not to make the arrangements himself.
Otherwise: A Local Authority v C and others (Institute of Registered Case Managers and others intervening)

The Lord Burnett of Maldon,
Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales,
Lady Justice King,
And,
Lord Justice Baker
[2021] EWCA Civ 1527, [2021] WLR(D) 540, [2021] 3 WLR 1425
Bailii, WLRD
Sexual Offences Act 2003 39, Mental Capacity Act 2005, Human Rights Act 1998
England and Wales

Crime, Health Professions

Updated: 21 December 2021; Ref: scu.668919

McCue for Reduction of Certain Decisions of Glasgow City Council: SCS 8 Aug 2014

Outer House – (i) In this application, the petitioner sought judicial review of a number of decisions made by the respondent in exercise of obligations imposed on it by the terms of the Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968. At a preliminary hearing, the respondent argued that the petition should be dismissed on the grounds that (i) it raises no live issue and (ii) an alternative remedy is available to the petitioner and has not been pursued.
(ii) I dismissed the petition as incompetent because there is available to the petitioner an alternative remedy which she has not pursued.

LordJones
[2014] ScotCS CSOH – 124
Bailii
Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968
Scotland

Health Professions

Updated: 20 December 2021; Ref: scu.535834

HCA International Ltd v Competition and Markets Authority: CAT 25 Jul 2014

Application for review under section 179 of the Enterprise Act 2002 to challenge a decision of the Competition and Markets Authority requiring, among other things, HCA to divest itself of some of the private hospitals it owns. Application for disclosure.

Sales J
[2014] CAT 11
Bailii

Commercial, Health Professions

Updated: 20 December 2021; Ref: scu.535736

HCA International Ltd v Competition and Markets Authority: CAT 9 Jul 2014

Application by HCA International Limited to adduce expert evidence in the form of a report by an economist on an application for review under section 179 of the Enterprise Act 2002 to challenge a decision of the Competition and Markets Authority requiring, among other things, HCA to divest itself of some of the private hospitals it owns.

Sales J
[2014] CAT 10
Bailii

Commercial, Health Professions

Updated: 20 December 2021; Ref: scu.535735

Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals Nhs Trust v CD and Others: CoP 1 Aug 2014

Application by the Trust for declarations as to AB’s capacity to make decisions about serious medical treatment and as to her best interests in respect of whether she should receive life sustaining treatment such as cardio-pulmonary resuscitation and other intensive treatment, should such treatment become necessary.

Theis DBE J
[2014] EWCOP 23
Bailii

Health, Health Professions

Updated: 18 December 2021; Ref: scu.535649

Chakrabarty v Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust and Another: QBD 31 Jul 2014

The claimant sought an order permanently restraining the defendant from referring his case to a capability hearing panel when it had not made an assessment of the prospects of remediation of his practice by the National Clinical Assessment Service.

Simler DBE J
[2014] EWHC 2735 (QB)
Bailii
England and Wales

Health Professions

Updated: 18 December 2021; Ref: scu.535541

Gibb v Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust: CA 23 Jun 2010

Sedley LJ said: ‘It seems that the making of a public sacrifice to deflect press and public obloquy, which is what happened to the appellant, remains an accepted expedient of public administration in this country.’

Laws, Sedley, Rimer LJJ
[2010] EWCA Civ 678, [2010] IRLR 786
Bailii
England and Wales
Cited by:
CitedShoesmith, Regina (on The Application of) v OFSTED and Others CA 27-May-2011
The claimant appealed against dismissal of her claim. She had been head of Child Services at Haringey. After the notorious violent death of Baby P, the Secretary of State called for an inquiry under the Act. He then removed her as director. She . .

Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete.

Health Professions, Administrative

Updated: 18 December 2021; Ref: scu.418431

The Mental Health and The Acute Trust v DD and Another: CoP 25 Jun 2014

The court was asked as to DD, a woman in her mid thirties with diagnoses of autistic spectrum disorder and borderline learning disabilities: (a) Whether DD lacks capacity to make decisions in relation to her healthcare and, in particular, lacks capacity to consent to a placental localisation scan and an ante natal assessment;
(b) Whether it is in her best interests to undergo such a scan and assessment;
(c) Whether the Applicants should be authorised to take such necessary and proportionate steps so as to give effect to the ‘best interests’ declaration to include forced entry, restraint and sedation.

Pauffley J
[2014] EWCOP 8
Bailii

Health Professions, Health

Updated: 18 December 2021; Ref: scu.535422

Doctor AB v The General Medical Council: SCSf 4 Feb 2014

The Sheriff having resumed consideration of the case; grants the Petitioner’s appeal to the extent that the Registration Appeal Panel decision is quashed, refuses to grant the Petitioner a certificate of fitness to practice, directs that the matter be remitted to the Registrar per paragraph 5(4)(b) and (d) of schedule 3A of the Medical Act for reconsideration of the Petitioner’s application for registration and orders that the case be put out for a hearing on expenses on a day to be fixed by the Sheriff Clerk.

[2014] ScotSC 13
Bailii
Scotland

Health Professions

Updated: 16 December 2021; Ref: scu.534177

Adu v General Medical Council: Admn 20 Jun 2014

Dr Adu challenged determinations made by a Fitness to Practise Panel of the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service of the General Medical Council under s 35D of the 1983 Act. The FTPP, having heard evidence and submissions found that Dr Adu’s fitness to practise was impaired by reason of deficient professional performance and that, in consequence, his name should be erased from the medical register.
Held: Warby J recused himself being acquainted personlly with a witness.

Warby J
[2014] EWHC 1946 (Admin)
Bailii

Health Professions

Updated: 16 December 2021; Ref: scu.534164