On 14 May 2010 the complainant requested information regarding any assistance provided by the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) to protect Orthodox Jews from discrimination, and information relating to cases of religious discrimination in which the EHRC had intervened. The EHRC provided a partial response on 2 July 2010 followed by a full response … Continue reading Equality and Human Rights Commission (Decision Notice): ICO 16 Dec 2010
This appeal is primarily concerned with the scope of the rights conferred on agency workers by and the Agency Workers’ Regulations 2010 (‘the AWR’), which implements the Agency Workers Directive (‘the Directive’) into domestic law. The EAT found that: (1) The right conferred by regulation 13(1) of the AWR (derived from Article 6.1 of the … Continue reading Angard Staffing Solutions Ltd and Another v Kocur and Another (Agency Workers and Contract of Employment): EAT 11 Dec 2020
The claimant who required support from the Council for his ADHD disorder challenged the respondent’s budget insofar as it limited support for children’s services in the Revenue Budget. Ge said that in making its decision to cut the budget, the Council unlawfully failed to comply either with (i) its obligations under section 507B of the … Continue reading Hunt v North Somerset Council: Admn 18 Jul 2012
The court was asked as to the extent to which the State should retain personal information about citizens, and whether its policies or practices for doing so comply with the human rights of those citizens. It arose in the instant case in a heightened form because the information relates to the sensitive personal data of … Continue reading C, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions and Another: Admn 18 Jul 2014
The defendant had published a set of guidelines for intelligence officers called upon to detain and interrogate suspects. The defendant said that the guidelines could only be tested against individual real life cases, and that the court should not answer hypothetical questions. The objection lay to reactions to anticipated torture and mistreatment by third party … Continue reading Equality and Human Rights Commission v Prime Minister and Others: Admn 3 Oct 2011
Claims for Universal Credit (UC) – whether Secretary of State for Work and Pensions is entitled to withhold payment of UC from an individual who does not have a National Insurance number (NINo) until such time as a NINo is allocated to that person – proper interpretation of section 1(1B) of the Social Security Administration … Continue reading Regina (Bui) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions; Regina (Onakoya) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions: UTAA 18 Jul 2022
RACE DISCRIMINATION – Harassment, Third-Party Harassment The issue in this appeal is whether s . 26 (1) of the Equality Act 2010 (‘the 2010 Act’) should be interpreted so as to impose liability on an employer for third-party harassment against employees. The Claimant worked as a mental health nurse and was assaulted by a patient … Continue reading Bessong v Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust (Race Discrimination – Harassment): EAT 18 Oct 2019
Disability Discrimination – Reasonable AdjustmentsThe Claimant suffers from ME/chronic fatigue syndrome (‘CFS’). This makes it more likely that she will have higher absences than other employees. In 2011, the Respondent made an adjustment to its sickness absence management policy (‘SAMP’) whereby the Claimant could have up to 5 absences in a 12-month period before triggering … Continue reading Northumberland Tyne and Wear NhHS Foundation Trust v Ward: EAT 18 Oct 2019
The defendants applied for directors’ disqualification proceedings for the claim to be struck out or dismissed on the ground that the respondent had breached their rights to a fair trial under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights and/or breached his duty to act fairly, in that they had failed to disclose material … Continue reading Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills v Doffman and Another: ChD 11 Oct 2010
The claimants, in the US awaiting execution for murders, challenged the permitting by the defendant for export of the chemical Sodium Thipental which would be used for their execution. The respondent said that its use in general anaesthesia practice meant that it was not subject to control. The claimants said that the export was a … Continue reading Zagorski and Baze, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills and Others: Admn 29 Nov 2010
EAT Procedural Issues – Employment Tribunal Judges: His Honour Judge J Hicks QC Citations: [1999] UKEAT 616 – 99 – 2010, EAT/616/99 Links: Bailii, EAT Jurisdiction: England and Wales Cited by: See Also – Sivanandan v Hackney Action for Race Equality (Hare) EAT 1-Feb-2001 . .See Also – Sivanandan v Hackney Action for Racial Equality … Continue reading Sivanandan v Hackney Action for Racial Equality (Hare): EAT 20 Oct 1999
The Trust appealed against a finding that in terminating an assured tenancy transferred to it from a local authority, it had acted as a hybrid public authority and was subject to controls under the 1998 Act. Held: (Rix LJ dissenting). The appeal failed. When dealing with social tenants, the trust exercised a public law function. … Continue reading London and Quadrant Housing Trust v Weaver, Regina; Equality and Human Rights Commission intervening: CA 18 Jun 2009
The complainant requested information from the Department for Culture, Media and Sport comprising of correspondence in connection with requests made by the BBC and Channel 4 for exemption from certain duties under the Equality Act 2010. This request was refused under section 35(1)(a) (formulation and development of government policy) of the Act. In respect of … Continue reading Department for Culture Media and Sport (Decision Notice): ICO 20 Dec 2010
DISABILITY DISCRIMNATION – Exclusions/jurisdictions The Tribunal had not erred in concluding that a manifestation of the Claimant’s post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociative amnesia was a tendency to steal which was an excluded condition pursuant to Regulation 4(1)(b) Equality Act 2010 (Disability) Regulations 2010 (SI 2010/2128). The ET was entitled, on the evidence, to reject the … Continue reading Wood v Durham County Council: EAT 3 Sep 2018
Harassment – Disability Related Discrimination VICTIMISATION DISCRIMINATION – Protected disclosure The Employment Tribunal were best placed to make findings of fact about the context and office culture which it did, and which was necessary in order to understand the Claimant’s allegations of harassment and victimisation as well as direct discrimination and section 15 disability discrimination. … Continue reading Evans v Xactly Corporation Ltd: EAT 15 Aug 2018
Unfair Dismissal : Implied Term : Variation : Construction of Term : Disability Discrimination 1. This appeal raises the question whether it is fair and/or a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim for an employer to dismiss an employee by reason of permanent incapability at a time when an entitlement to long-term disability benefits … Continue reading Awan v ICTS UK Ltd: EAT 23 Nov 2018
Practice and Procedure – Bias, Misconduct and Procedural Irregularity – DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Reasonable adjustments The Claimant was a Latvian national with a limited command of English. At the trial of her claims of unfair dismissal and disability discrimination she acted in person, assisted by an interpreter. The Employment Tribunal (‘ET’) dismissed her claims. The … Continue reading Broma v Bakkavor Foods Ltd (T/A Bakkavor Desserts Highbridge): EAT 28 Jun 2018
Notwithstanding a Tribunal’s colloquial use of the term ‘necessarily’ in the context of determining the date on which a Claimant fell to be assessed as disabled, in accordance with section 6(1) Equality Act 2010 (and in particular as to when it was likely that the substantial adverse effects of the Claimant’s impairment would last for … Continue reading Martin v University of Exeter: EAT 30 Aug 2018
Two claimants had each been sexually assaulted by a later notorious, multiple rapist. Each had made complaints to police about their assaults but said that no effective steps had been taken to investigate the serious complaints. Held: The Commissioner’s appeal failed: To provide an effective deterrent, laws which prohibit conduct constituting a breach of article … Continue reading Commissioner of Police of The Metropolis v DSD and Another: SC 21 Feb 2018
UNFAIR DISMISSAL – Reason for dismissal including substantial other reason CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT – Wrongful dismissal DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Direct disability discrimination The Employment Tribunal (‘ET’) was entitled to conclude that the Respondent had established a conduct reason for dismissal on account of the Claimant before the ET’s gross negligence. The reason had not been … Continue reading Philander v Leonard Cheshire Disability: EAT 1 Nov 2018
VICTIMISATION DISCRIMINATION – Other forms of victimisation The Tribunal’s approach to and reasons for its Judgment in relation to the Claimant’s complaint of victimisation dismissal and some of the evidence were unclear. Overall, and on the particular facts of the case, the lack of findings about the dismissing officers’ knowledge or belief of the protected … Continue reading Oladipo v Lush Retail Ltd: EAT 16 Aug 2018
EQUAL PAY An Employment Tribunal was charged with determining whether a ‘stable working relationship’ was preserved when an employee had been promoted through a series of ranks. The concept of a ‘stable employment relationship’ was created by the European Court of Justice in Preston and Others v Wolverhampton Healthcare NHS Trust and Others [2000] ICR … Continue reading Barnard v Hampshire Fire and Rescue: EAT 12 Oct 2018
RELIGION OR BELIEF DISCRIMINATION Discrimination – Religion and Belief – Indirect Discrimination – Justification – Section 19(2) Equality Act 2010 Bus drivers employed by the Respondent were required to work five out of seven days each week, including Fridays and Saturdays. This created difficulties for the Claimant who, as a Seventh Day Adventist, was required … Continue reading The City of Oxford Bus Services Ltd (T/A Oxford Bus Company) v Harvey: EAT 21 Dec 2018
VICTIMISATION DISCRIMINATION – Other forms of victimisation Victimisation – section 27(3) Equality Act 2010 In 2011, when facing the likelihood that he would fail the assessment required to qualify as a Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon, the Claimant raised a grievance regarding a (race) discriminatory remark alleged to have been made some four years previously. Although the … Continue reading Saad v Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust: EAT 22 Aug 2018
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE The claimant, who was formerly employed by the respondent, brought proceedings against them for race discrimination after his employment was terminated. The proceedings were compromised by a ‘COT3’ agreement signed in March 2018. Soon afterwards, in May 2018, the claimant brought a new claim against the respondent. He alleged, among other matters, … Continue reading Arvunescu v Quick Release (Automotive) Ltd (Practice and Procedure): EAT 23 Sep 2021
It is a well recognised canon of construction that domestic legislation, including the Constitution, should if possible be construed so as to conform to international instruments to which the state is party. Lord Hoffmann said: ‘of course persons should be uniformly treated unless there is some valid reason to treat them differently . . The … Continue reading Matadeen and others v M G C Pointu and others (Mauritius): PC 18 Feb 1998
MATERNITY RIGHTS AND PARENTAL LEAVE The Claimant was on maternity leave while a redundancy exercise was being carried out. An important e-mail requiring her to fill in a redeployment document and return it to HR as soon as possible was sent to her work e-mail address which she was not accessing. As a result, she … Continue reading South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust v Jackson and Others: EAT 22 Nov 2018
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE – Amendment PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE – Case management UNFAIR DISMISSAL – Automatically unfair reasons The Claimant, who had less than two years’ service, had sought to pursue claims of unfair dismissal and discrimination before the Employment Tribunal. In resisting an application to strike out his claim of unfair dismissal, the Claimant had … Continue reading Andruhovics v Sapient Ltd: EAT 18 May 2018
Disability related discrimination DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Reasonable adjustments The Tribunal had erred in only one material respect by making the wrong comparison when comparing, in a reasonable adjustments claim, the impact of erratic payment of sick pay on the Claimant with its impact on others on sick leave for reasons other than mental health related … Continue reading Ishola v Transport for London (Disability Discrimination): EAT 16 Nov 2018
The court considered the extent of the duty to compensate for disturbance of a business when land was compulsorily purchased. Lord Selborne LC said: ‘The obstruction by the execution of the work, of a man’s direct access to his house or land, whether such access be by a public road or by private way, is … Continue reading Caledonian Railway Co v Walker’s Trustees: 1882
The court was asked whether Turkey was answerable under the Convention for its acts in Northern Cyprus. Held: It was unnecessary to determine whether Turkey actually exercised detailed control over the policies and actions of the authorities of the TRNC. It was obvious from the fact that more than 30,000 Turkish military personnel were engaged … Continue reading Loizidou v Turkey (Merits): ECHR 18 Dec 1996
Disability – definition – ‘substantial’ – ‘long-term’ Until she resigned on 31 August 2016, the Claimant was employed by the Respondent as a Science Teacher. In her subsequent ET claim, she contended she had suffered disability discrimination; it was the Claimant’s case that, since December 2015, she had suffered from a physical impairment, ultimately diagnosed … Continue reading Nissa v Waverly Education Foundation Ltd and Another: EAT 19 Nov 2018
Judges: Irwin, Hickinbottom LJJ, Sir Jack Beatson Citations: [2018] EWCA Civ 1925, [2018] WLR(D) 556 Links: Bailii, WLRD Statutes: National Health Service Act 2006 1 1C, Equality Act 2010 149(1) Jurisdiction: England and Wales Health Professions, Discrimination Updated: 26 April 2022; Ref: scu.621537
EAT JURISDICTIONAL POINTS – Excluded employments The appeal is dismissed. The Tribunal decided that the Claimant was not in employment in the extended sense. That conclusion was reached not just on the basis that the Claimant was party to a ‘group contract’ but on all the circumstances relevant to the issue. The main plank on … Continue reading Gunny v Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and Others: EAT 28 Feb 2018
DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Justification DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Burden of proof The Respondent employer appealed against a decision of the Employment Tribunal (‘ET’) that the Respondent has discriminated against the Claimant on grounds of her disability, contrary to section 15 of the Equality Act 2010. The Employment Appeal Tribunal (‘EAT’) dismissed the appeal. The EAT held … Continue reading DL Insurance Services Ltd v O”Connor: EAT 23 Feb 2018
EAT SEX DISCRIMINATION – Pregnancy and discrimination SEX DISCRIMINATION – Burden of proof Pregnancy discrimination – section 18 Equality Act 2010 Burden of proof – section 136 Equality Act 2010 The Claimant had notified the Respondent of her pregnancy shortly before a management restructure was announced that put her position at risk of redundancy. The … Continue reading Serco Leisure Operating Ltd v Lau: EAT 3 Apr 2018
DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Section 15 Discrimination due to unfavourable treatment because of something arising in consequence of disability – proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim – section 15 Equality Act 2010 The Claimant was a doctor employed by the four partners of a small GP’s practice. Having been signed off work on long-term sickness … Continue reading Ali v Torrosian and Others (T/A Bedford Hill Family Practice): EAT 2 May 2018
DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Reasonable adjustments UNFAIR DISMISSAL – Constructive dismissal Disability discrimination – reasonable adjustments – sections 20 and 21 Equality Act 2010 Unfair dismissal – constructive dismissal – section 95 Employment Rights Act 1996 The Claimant, who had been employed by the Respondent as a Probation Service Officer (‘PSO’) from April 1999, was a … Continue reading Simpson v Secretary of State for Justice: EAT 29 Mar 2018
Harassment – Purpose – Religion or Belief Discrimination – Where the same facts are relied upon for a claim of direct discrimination on grounds of religious belief or race and a claim of harassment for conduct related to those protected characteristics, an Employment Tribunal does not err in determining the harassment claim if they rely … Continue reading Bakkali v Greater Manchester Buses (South) Ltd (T/A Stage Coach Manchester): EAT 10 May 2018
Equal Pay Act – Sex Discrimination – Indirect The Claimant claimed indirect sex discrimination under provisions in the Respondent Police Force in that the only option for men taking leave after the birth of their child is shared parental leave (‘SPL’) at the statutory rate of pay whereas women have the option of taking maternity … Continue reading Hextall v Leicestershire Police: EAT 1 May 2018
DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Direct disability discrimination -Reasonable adjustments – Justification – direct discrimination (section 13 Equality Act 2010) – indirect discrimination (section 19) – failure to make reasonable adjustments (sections 20 and 21) – justification The Claimant who was disabled by reason of having undergone double below-knee amputations and suffering from type 2 diabetes and … Continue reading Owen v Amec Foster Wheeler Energy Ltd and Others: EAT 23 Feb 2018
(Grand Chamber) The court ruled admissible claims against the United Kingdom by 13 persons entitled to British State pensions for violation of article 14 of the Convention in combination with article 1 of the First Protocol. All the claimants had earned pensions by working in Britain, but had emigrated to South Africa, Australia or Canada … Continue reading Carson and Others v The United Kingdom: ECHR 16 Mar 2010
Jurisdictional Points – Claim In Time and Effect Date of Termination – – Application/claim – Preliminary issues The statutory provisions in the Employment Rights Act 1996, the Employment Tribunals Extension of Jurisdiction (England and Wales) Order 1994 and the Equality Act 2010, which operate to extend time limits to facilitate conciliation before the institution of … Continue reading Luton Borough Council v Haque: EAT 12 Apr 2018
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE – Amendment The Appellant had issued an ET1 including a claim under section 15 Equality Act 2010. He applied out of time to add a claim under section 13 Equality Act 2010, contending that it raised no new facts or matters and thus was a mere relabelling exercise (Selkent). The Employment Judge … Continue reading Reuters Ltd v Cole: EAT 16 Feb 2018
Sex Discrimination – SEX DISCRIMINATION – Indirect VICTIMISATION DISCRIMINATION – Detriment A father who wished to take shared parental leave so that his wife could go back to work claimed direct sex discrimination in not being entitled to pay at the higher maternity pay rate for 12 weeks after the 2 weeks compulsory maternity leave … Continue reading Capita Customer Management Ltd v Ali: EAT 11 Apr 2018
Case about common law standards of legally adequate consultation, and statutory duties in the Equality Act 2010 (‘EA 2010’), sought to be applied to a consultation and engagement process undertaken to inform decision-making as to the design of a Bill of primary legislation to be introduced into Parliament. Judges: Mr Justice Fordham Citations: [2022] EWHC … Continue reading A and Others, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: Admn 18 Feb 2022
Citations: [2018] EWCA Civ 640, [2018] WLR(D) 197 Links: Bailii, WLRD Statutes: Equality Act 2010 123 Jurisdiction: England and Wales Employment, Discrimination Updated: 07 April 2022; Ref: scu.608337
EAT Disability Discrimination – Reasonable Adjustments – The Claimant was training to be a Consultant Anaesthetist until she developed a latex allergy in October 2013; that condition was a disability for the purposes of Equality Act 2010. After meetings and enquiries, the First Appellant (the NHS body responsible for training) informed her in November 2014 … Continue reading County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust v Jackson and Another: EAT 2 Mar 2018
EAT MATERNITY RIGHTS AND PARENTAL LEAVE – Unfair dismissal SEX DISCRIMINATION – Pregnancy and discrimination SEX DISCRIMINATION – Burden of proof Automatic unfair dismissal by reason of pregnancy – section 99 Employment Rights Act 1996 and regulation 20 Maternity and Parental Leave etc Regulations 1999 Pregnancy discrimination – section 18 Equality Act 2010 Burden of … Continue reading Really Easy Car Credit Ltd v Thompson: EAT 3 Jan 2018
The claimants, adult men of the Muslim faith detained at an immigration removal centre claimed that the conditions and regime interfered with their required religious observance as, they say, devout Muslims, and that the conditions and regime had a differential and discriminatory impact upon them as Muslims, not experienced by those of other faiths or … Continue reading Hussein v Secretary of State for The Home Department and Another: Admn 1 Feb 2018
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE – Bias, misconduct and procedural irregularity < PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE – Appellate jurisdiction/reasons/Burns-Barke In the first appeal (UKEAT/0167/15/LA), the Appellant, the NHS Trust Development Authority (‘TDA’), complained that the Employment Tribunal (‘ET’) had reached conclusions which were not supported by the evidence or were arrived at by inferential conclusions, which could not … Continue reading NHS Trust Development Authority (NHS TDA) v Saiger and Others (Practice and Procedure): EAT 17 Jul 2017
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE – Bias, misconduct and procedural irregularity PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE – Appellate jurisdiction/reasons/Burns-Barke In the first appeal (UKEAT/0167/15/LA), the Appellant, the NHS Trust Development Authority (‘TDA’), complained that the Employment Tribunal (‘ET’) had reached conclusions which were not supported by the evidence or were arrived at by inferential conclusions, which could not be … Continue reading North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust v Saiger and Others (Practice and Procedure): EAT 17 Jul 2017
The claimants sought a fuller inquest into deaths at the hands of the British Army in 1990 in Northern Ireland. On opening the inquest, the coroner had declined to undertake to hold a hearing compliant with article 2, and it had not made progress. The applicants believed this would require a further investigation of the … Continue reading McCaughey and Another, Re Application forJudicial Review: SC 18 May 2011
EAT Unfair Dismissal: Reasonableness of Dismissal – DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Whether the Employment Tribunal, in requiring direct connection to be established between disability and conduct which led to dismissal misinterpreted section 15 Equality Act 2010 and so to conclude that dismissal was not unfair. Appeal allowed – remitted to the Employment Tribunal for redetermination. Mitting … Continue reading Risby v London Borough of Waltham Forest: EAT 18 Mar 2016
EAT Unfair Dismissal : Reasonableness of Dismissal DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Direct disability discrimination 1. The Respondent is a publicly funded independent school with approximately 1,200 pupils aged eight to 18 and is successor to a school administered by the local authority. The academy is what might be regarded as an ‘urban’ school. Its catchment area … Continue reading Bolton St Catherine’s Academy v O’Brien: EAT 18 Sep 2015
The tenant had been secure but had his tenancy had been reduced to an insecure demoted tenancy after he was accused of anti-social behaviour. He had not himself been accused of any misbehaviour, but it was said that he should have controlled his family members. The county court had been unwilling to allow any challenge … Continue reading Manchester City Council v Pinnock: SC 3 Nov 2010
The appellant complained of disability discrimination. He retired early suffering Tourette’s syndrome. He had worked part time, and the parties now disputed his pension entitlements. Held: The appeal failed. Lord Kerr, Lord Carnwath, Lord Hodge, Lady Black, Lord Kitchin [2018] UKSC 65 Bailii, Bailii Summary Equality Act 2010 15(1) England and Wales Citing: Cited – … Continue reading Williams v The Trustees of Swansea University Pension and Assurance Scheme and Another: SC 17 Dec 2018
EAT Victimisation Discrimination : Protected Disclosure – DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION PROTECTED DISCLOSURE – section 43B Employment Rights Act 1996 Inadequate findings of fact by the ET as to what had actually been said by the Claimant and, if not a protected disclosure, why. Ultimately, however, the ET’s clear findings of fact as to the reason for … Continue reading Johnson v Mitie Asset Management Ltd: EAT 18 Jul 2014
The Society challenged the refusal of the coroner to expedite of deaths for religious reasons, alleging discrimination against Jewish and Muslim families in breach of Convention or statutory rights. Held: Allowed in part. Singh LJ, Whipple J [2018] EWHC 969 (Admin), [2019] QB 251, [2018] WLR(D) 273, (2018) 162 BMLR 217, [2018] HRLR 15, [2018] … Continue reading Adath Yisroel Burial Society and Another, Regina (on The Application of) v HM Senior Coroner for Inner North London: Admn 27 Apr 2018
The LC had introduced changes to pension arrangements for public employees. In general pensions would be reduced, but provision had been made to protect those approaching retirement. He now appealed from a finding that the arrangement was discriminatory. Longmore LJ, Sir Colin Rimer, Sir Patrick Elias [2018] EWCA Civ 2844, [2019] WLR(D) 1 Bailii Judicial … Continue reading The Lord Chancellor and Another v McCloud and Others: CA 20 Dec 2018
EAT UNFAIR DISMISSAL – Reasonableness of dismissal DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Reasonable adjustment The Employment Tribunal concluded that the Respondents had been guilty of disability discrimination in three respects, in failing to allocate to her a parking space in the car park where she worked, in harassing her by an e-mail and by dismissing her ostensibly … Continue reading The Environment Agency v Donnelly: EAT 18 Oct 2013
EAT PRACTICE AND PROCEDUREApplication/claimWithdrawalThere was an argument before the Employment Tribunal on the question whether any claim under section 18(4) of the Equality Act 2010 had been withdrawn by the terms of a response put in by the Claimant in answer to an order of the Employment Tribunal. On analysis, two questions had to be … Continue reading Northumberland County Council v Trebillcock (Practice and Procedure : Application or Claim): EAT 25 Apr 2013
EAT PRACTICE AND PROCEDUREApplication/claimWithdrawalThere was an argument before the Employment Tribunal on the question whether any claim under section 18(4) of the Equality Act 2010 had been withdrawn by the terms of a response put in by the Claimant in answer to an order of the Employment Tribunal. On analysis, two questions had to be … Continue reading Northumberland County Council v Trebillcock (Practice and Procedure : Application/Claim): EAT 25 Jun 2013
The Claimant claimed she was disabled based on having a ‘Mixed Personality Disorder’. At a Preliminary Hearing to determine whether the Claimant had a disability, the Tribunal rejected that claim, and found, in any event, that there was no specific evidence to substantiate her claim that her condition had a substantial adverse effect on her … Continue reading Khorochilova v Euro Rep Ltd (Disability Discrimination): EAT 18 Feb 2020
The applicant children had been detained in immigration camps in Australia. They escaped and sought refuge in the British High Commission in Melbourne and claimed diplomatic asylum. They claimed in damages after being returned to the authorities in Australia. Held: Any threat to their safety was not sufficient to justify not returning them to the … Continue reading Regina on the Application of B and others v Secretary of State for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office: CA 18 Oct 2004
EAT Sex Discrimination : Sexual Orientation discrimination / transexualism : The recipient of an occupational pension since 2003, under the terms of a pension scheme which provided survivor’s benefits to spouses but not to those in a civil partnership, insofar as those benefits derived from service prior to the day the Civil Partnership Act 2004 … Continue reading Innospec Ltd and Others v Walker: EAT 18 Feb 2014
The claimant solicitors had failed to submit their tender for a new contract in time. The respondent refused to accept the late submission. The claimant said that the respondent had not directly notified it of the deadline and so failed to meet its obligations under the 2006 Act and European law, and that the refusal … Continue reading Azam and Co v Legal Services Commission: ChD 5 May 2010
Proving Discrimination – Two Stage Process Each appeal raised procedural issues in discrimination cases, asking where, under the new regulations, the burden of proof had shifted. Held: The new situation required a two stage process before a complaint could be upheld. First the claimant had to establish facts allowing the tribunal to conclude, in the … Continue reading Igen Ltd v Wong: CA 18 Feb 2005
Having ‘due regard’ is not Obligation to do The claimant sought to challenge the decision to close her local post office on the basis that being retired and disabled and without a car in a rural area, the office was essential and the decision unsupportable. In particular she challenged the removal of post offices from … Continue reading Brown, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions: Admn 18 Dec 2008
The deceased soldier died of heat exhaustion whilst on active service in Iraq. It was said that he was owed a duty under human rights laws, and that any coroner’s inquest should be a fuller one to satisfy the state’s duty under Article 2. Held: The SSD’s appeal succeeded. ‘jurisdiction’ within the meaning of Article … Continue reading Smith, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for Defence and Oxfordshire Assistant Deputy Coroner (Equality and Human Rights Commission intervening): SC 30 Jun 2010
The soldier had died of heatstroke after exercises in Iraq. The Minister appealed against a finding that the circumstances of his death required an investigation compliant with Article 2 human rights, saying that he was not subject to such jurisdiction whilst not on a British base in Iraq. The deceased’s family argued that the jurisdiction … Continue reading Secretary of State for Defence v Smith, Regina (on the Application of): CA 18 May 2009
Art 50 Notice withrawable unilaterally Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 50 TEU – Notification by a Member State of its intention to withdraw from the European Union – Consequences of the notification – Right of unilateral revocation of the notification – ConditionsThe Court Ruled: ‘Article 50 TEU must be interpreted as meaning that, … Continue reading Wightman and Others v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union: ECJ 10 Dec 2018
EAT Disability Discrimination: Detriment – DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Reasonable adjustments DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Section 15 Disability discrimination – ‘detriment’ – failure to make reasonable adjustments (sections 20 and 21 Equality Act 2010) – discrimination arising from the consequences of disability (section 15 Equality Act). The ET had found for the Claimant on her claims of … Continue reading Greenslade v Next Distribution Ltd: EAT 18 Jan 2016
The claimant, a male to female transsexual, challenged a decision by the respondent to refuse breast augmentation treatment. The Trust had a policy ‘GRS is a Low Priority treatment due to the limited evidence of clinical effectiveness and is not routinely funded.’ Held: The claim for judicial review failed. There was no general medical concensus … Continue reading AC v Berkshire West Primary Care Trust, Equality and Human Rights Commissions intervening: Admn 25 May 2010
The charity appealed against refusal of permission to amend its charitable objects as set out in the memorandum of association. The charity was successful as an adoption agency particularly in placing children who would otherwise have had difficulty finding a home, following the principles of the Roman Catholic Church, and it wanted to restrict its … Continue reading Catholic Care (Diocese of Leeds) v Charity Commission for England and Wales and Another: ChD 17 Mar 2010
The complainant requested a copy of the investigation report into allegations made against a senior official of the public authority. The public authority withheld the report on the basis of the exemptions at sections 31(1)(g), 38, 40(2), and 41 of . .
The claimant wheelchair user alleged discrimination by the bus company. The space reserved for wheelchair users on a bus had been wrongly occupied by a passenger who refused to vacate the space. The claimant said that the bus driver should have . .
‘There are broadly two questions before the court in this appeal. The first concerns the application of the Secretary of State for the Home Department’s policy governing the detention under the Immigration Act 1971 (‘the 1971 Act’) of persons who . .
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EAT Maternity Rights and Parental Leave – Sex discrimination Unfair dismissal Return to work Maternity and Parental Leave Regulations 1999 (MAPL Regs) – regulation 10 – redundancy during maternity leave and entitlement to be offered suitable available vacancy. Equality Act 2010 (EqA) – section 18 – direct discrimination because of pregnancy and maternity Appeal against … Continue reading Sefton Borough Council v Wainwright: EAT 13 Oct 2014
An ET held that the dismissal of an employee who had been on long-term sickness absence was not unfair. However, it also held that the dismissal constituted unfavourable treatment because of something arising in consequence of disability pursuant to Section 15 of the Equality Act 2010. Such an outcome is possible, as a matter of … Continue reading Iceland Foods Ltd v Stevenson (Unfair Dismissal – Disability Discrimination): EAT 13 Feb 2020
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE – Amendment RACE DISCRIMINATION AND VICTIMISATION – Time Points The Claimant was placed by the First Respondent (an agency) on a short-time assignment with the Second Respondent. She began work on 9 October 2017. On 9 November 2017 the Second Respondent terminated the assignment. It was agreed that the Claimant would work … Continue reading Palihakkara v Robertson Bell Ltd and Another (Race Discrimination and Victimisation : Time Points): EAT 14 Apr 2021
Dr M had successfully challenged her dismissal and recovered damages for unfair dismissal and race discrimination. In the interim, Her employer HA had reported the dismissal to the respondent who continued their proceedings despite the decision in her favour. The GMC now said that the availability of judicial review excluded her right to commence proceedings … Continue reading Michalak v General Medical Council and Others: SC 1 Nov 2017
(1) Rule 45 of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal (Procedure) Rules 2005 confers discretionary, procedural case management powers. It does not require the First-tier Tribunal to undertake evidence-gathering. Any direction given under rule 45 to the Secretary of State to seek out or validate evidence must be exercised sparingly and in a fact-sensitive way, bearing … Continue reading NA (UT Rule 45: Singh v Belgium) Iran: UTIAC 8 May 2014
The claimants claimed equal pay, asserting use of particular comparators. The Trust said that there was a genuine material factor justifying the difference in pay. Held: To constitute a single source for the purpose of article 141, it is not enough for the non-RVI claimants to show that they have the same employer as the … Continue reading Armstrong and others v Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Hospital Trust: CA 21 Dec 2005
The Claimant was employed by the Respondent as a teacher. He was dismissed for the given reason of conduct. This concerned, principally, his admitted conduct in carrying out a request, made by a colleague, to give pupils taking an assessment exam, manuscript notes that she had prepared for them to follow. The Tribunal found that … Continue reading Scott v Kenton Schools Academy Trust (Disability Discrimination : Unfair Dismissal): EAT 30 Sep 2019
It is unlawful for a person who is not a qualified person to provide immigration advice or services. One route to being a qualified person is to be registered by the Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner (‘OISC’). The OISC also has powers to investigate and prosecute people suspected of providing such services unlawfully. Two … Continue reading Ali v Office of The Immigration Services Commissioner (Race Discrimination): EAT 6 Nov 2020
The trust was created in 1948, and provided gifts over, which had now failed. The court considered the construction of the term ‘stautory next of kin’. The possible beneficiaries claimed through being adopted, arguing that at the date of the last beneficary’s death, all impediments to inheritance by adopted children had been removed by statute. … Continue reading Re Erskine 1948 Trust: ChD 29 Mar 2012
Age Discrimination – Non-Discrimination Rule In Occupational Pension – Section 61 Equality Act 2010 – Exemption Under Equality Act (Age Exceptions for Pension Schemes) Order 2010 – application of European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 Citations: [2022] EAT 163 Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales Employment, Discrimination Updated: 09 November 2022; Ref: scu.682481
The Claimants were police officers in their 40s who were disabled under Equality Act 2010 and in possession of ‘H1 certificates’ which allowed them immediate access to ‘deferred pension’ on leaving the police. They left the force under the police ‘voluntary exit scheme’ (analogous to a redundancy scheme) and their ‘compensation lump sums’ were capped … Continue reading Chief Constable of Gwent Police v Parsons and Another (Disability Discrimination): EAT 25 Feb 2020
The claimant’s son had died of hyperthermia whilst serving in the army in Iraq. The parties requested a new inquisition after the coroner had rules that human rights law did not apply to servicemen serving outside Europe. Reports had been prepared but were not disclosed to the coroner until the last day of the inquest … Continue reading Smith v The Assistant Deputy Coroner for Oxfordshire: Admn 11 Apr 2008
The General Officer Commanding during the war of 1939 to 1945 ordered the appellants oil installations near Rangoon to be destroyed. The Japanese were advancing and the Government wished to deny them the resources. It was done on the day before the Japanese occupied Rangoon. The question was, whether compensation was payable for this destruction. … Continue reading Burmah Oil Company (Burma Trading) Limited v Lord Advocate: HL 21 Apr 1964
Claimants sought damages for personal injuries incurred when, in Pristina, Kosovo and during a riot, British soldiers on a UN peacekeeping expedition fired on a car. Held: The incidents occurred in the course of peace-keeping duties. It was not argued that they occurred in combat, and it was established that in cases of riot, soldiers … Continue reading Bici and Bici v Ministry of Defence: QBD 7 Apr 2004
(Plenary Court) The applicant was held in prison in the UK, pending extradition to the US to face allegations of murder, for which he faced the risk of the death sentence, which would be unlawful in the UK. If extradited, a representation would be made to the judge at the time of sentencing that the … Continue reading Soering v The United Kingdom: ECHR 7 Jul 1989
(Grand Chamber) – The applicant had been detained in Kenya. He had allowed himself to be taken by Kenyan officials to Nairobi airport in the belief that he was free to leave for a destination of his choice, but they took him to an aircraft in which Turkish officials were waiting for him and he … Continue reading Ocalan v Turkey: ECHR 12 May 2005
Practice and Procedure – Case Management The Claimant presented three claims containing multiple complaints under the Equality Act 2010, of alleged treatment by the Respondents during the course of her employment. In the run-up the Full Merits Hearing, she dis-instructed her solicitors and subsequently retained counsel to represent her at that Hearing on a direct … Continue reading Ameyaw v Pricewaterhousecoopers Services Ltd: EAT 11 Dec 2019
Maternity Rights and Parental Leave – Sex Discrimination – Jurisdiction The Employment Tribunal was right to conclude that, on their correct construction, the Police Regulations and the determinations made thereunder entitled the Claimant to receive the London Allowance in full throughout her maternity leave. However, the Respondent did not pay the London Allowance (in part … Continue reading The Commissioner of The City of London Police v Geldart: EAT 29 Nov 2019
DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Direct disability discrimination DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION – Section 15 VICTIMISATION DISCRIMINATION Disability discrimination – direct discrimination (section 13 Equality Act 2010 ) – discrimination because of something arising in consequences of disability (section 15 Equality Act 2010 ) – victimisation (section 27 Equality Act 2010 ) The Employment Tribunal (‘ET’) had rejected the … Continue reading Jakkhu v Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd: EAT 2 Aug 2019
Judges: Underhill, Peter Jackson LJJ, Lord Sales Citations: [2019] EWCA Civ 44, [2019] 2 CMLR 18, [2019] ICR 1118, [2019] 4 All ER 450, [2019] WLR(D) 56, [2019] IRLR 335 Links: Bailii, WLRD Statutes: Equality Act 2010 79(4) Jurisdiction: England and Wales Cited by: Appeal from – Asda Stores Ltd v Brierley and Others SC … Continue reading Asda Stores Ltd v Brierley and Others: CA 31 Jan 2019
F and M were members of an ultra orthodox Jewish sect. H transgendered, a process utterly unacceptable within the sect. Any continued association with the children would severely risk their ostracism, and at first F did not seek contact, but on his application limited indirect contact was ordered. Held: Appeal allowed The Judge had not … Continue reading Re M (Children): CA 20 Dec 2017
