Rakanovic v Slovenia: ECHR 29 Jun 2006
Citations: 42306/02, [2006] ECHR 670 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 28 September 2022; Ref: scu.243950
Citations: 42306/02, [2006] ECHR 670 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 28 September 2022; Ref: scu.243950
Citations: 11901/02, [2006] ECHR 667, [2006] ECHR 667 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 28 September 2022; Ref: scu.243947
Citations: 18368/03, [2007] ECHR 240 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 28 September 2022; Ref: scu.250969
Citations: 60299/00, [2006] ECHR 542, [2006] ECHR 542 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 28 September 2022; Ref: scu.243827
Citations: 44953/98, [2002] ECHR 318, 44952/98 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 28 September 2022; Ref: scu.263087
Citations: 32568/05, [2010] ECHR 1988 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 28 September 2022; Ref: scu.426980
Citations: 5507/06, [2008] ECHR 1037, [2009] ECHR 350 Links: Bailii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 28 September 2022; Ref: scu.276884
Citations: 2294/64, [1964] ECHR 11 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.464923
Citations: 35824/04, [2007] ECHR 238 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.250971
Citations: 40968/98, [2000] ECHR 554, [2000] ECHR 556 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.212023
Citations: 60940/00, [2008] ECHR 985 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.276718
Citations: 22174/02 ; 23666/02, [2006] ECHR 655, [2006] ECHR 655 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.243935
Citations: 25067/94, [1999] ECHR 45, 25068/94 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.262996
Citations: 41327/98, [1999] ECHR 88, 41328/98 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.263006
Citations: 26428/03, [2010] ECHR 1396 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 27 September 2022; Ref: scu.424892
The claimant, a disabled adult with cerebral palsy and Downs, asserted that the care plan set out in an order of the Court of Protection involved a contravention of his human rights since it involved a deprivation of his liberty. He was incontinent but without control, would tear off parts of his incontinence pad and … Continue reading Cheshire West and Chester Council v P: CA 9 Nov 2011
Admissible – complaint by Polish nationals as to failure to supply information about the Katyn massacre during the second world war. Judges: Dean Spielmann, P Citations: 55508/07, [2007] ECHR 1830 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Cited by: Admissibility – Janowiec And Others v Russia ECHR 21-Oct-2013 ECHR Grand Chamber … Continue reading Jerzy-Roman Janowiec and Others v Russia: ECHR 19 Nov 2007
Citations: 24408/94, [1999] ECHR 42, 23536/94 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 26 September 2022; Ref: scu.262995
Citations: 23960/02, [2006] ECHR 677, [2006] ECHR 677, [2008] ECHR 26 Links: Worldlii, Bailii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 26 September 2022; Ref: scu.243957
Citations: 32377/96, [1999] ECHR 71, 31417/96 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 26 September 2022; Ref: scu.262998
The claimants relative had disappeared at the hands of the government in Chechnya and that no adequate investigation had taken place. Citations: 22057/02, [2008] ECHR 1032 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 26 September 2022; Ref: scu.276903
Citations: 21232/03, [2008] ECHR 994 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 26 September 2022; Ref: scu.276729
ECHR Judgment : Freedom of assembly and association : Second Section Committee Citations: 26638/07, [2021] ECHR 118 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.658597
Citations: 31443/96, [2009] ECHR 1759 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Citing: See Also – Broniowski v Poland ECHR 22-Jun-2004 Hudoc Judgment (Merits and just satisfaction) Preliminary objection dismissed (non-exhaustion of domestic remedies) ; Violation of P1-1 ; Just satisfaction reserved ; Costs and expenses partial award – Convention . . See Also … Continue reading Broniowski v Poland: ECHR 30 Sep 2009
Citations: 45852/99, [2000] ECHR 543, [2000] ECHR 545 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.212013
Citations: 39164/98, [2000] ECHR 546, [2000] ECHR 548 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.212016
Citations: 28263/07, [2010] ECHR 1941 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.426949
Citations: 21979/04, [2009] ECHR 624 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.334614
Citations: 45853/99, [2000] ECHR 556, [2000] ECHR 558 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.212024
The claimant alleged unreasonable delay in processing her claim to recover land since 1998. Citations: 21088/06, [2008] ECHR 1042 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 25 September 2022; Ref: scu.276892
Citations: 18951/04, [2010] ECHR 1990 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 23 September 2022; Ref: scu.426981
Citations: 205/02, [2007] ECHR 241 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 23 September 2022; Ref: scu.250959
Citations: 49009/07, [2010] ECHR 1984 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 23 September 2022; Ref: scu.426987
Citations: 11872/04, [2008] ECHR 976 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 23 September 2022; Ref: scu.276750
Citations: 78005/01, [2008] ECHR 1002 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 23 September 2022; Ref: scu.276726
Citations: [2009] ECHR 217 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 23 September 2022; Ref: scu.681185
Citations: 26135/95, [1996] ECHR 86 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.440300
Citations: 42783/06, [2009] ECHR 320 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.301678
A newspaper and its editor complained that their right to freedom of expression had been breached when they were found liable in defamation proceedings for statements in articles which they had published about the methods used by seal hunters in the hunting of harp seals. Held: The Court considered whether the newspaper had a reasonable … Continue reading Bladet Tromso and Stensaas v Norway: ECHR 20 May 1999
Four articles in the People all covered the same story about Esther Rantzen’s organisation, Childline, suggesting that the plaintiff had protected a teacher who had revealed to Childline abuses of children occurring at a school where he taught, by keeping secret that he himself was a pervert, unfit to have any child in his care. … Continue reading Rantzen v Mirror Group Newspapers (1986) Ltd and Others: CA 1 Apr 1993
ECHR Judgment : Remainder inadmissible : Fourth Section Citations: 73329/16, [2021] ECHR 105 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.658591
Citations: 8931/03, [2008] ECHR 981 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.276728
Citations: 38238/04, [2008] ECHR 1041, [2011] ECHR 442 Links: Bailii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.276874
Citations: 9671/03, [2008] ECHR 982 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.276735
Citations: 60944/00, [2008] ECHR 986 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.276740
Citations: 45869/99, [2000] ECHR 541, [2000] ECHR 543 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.212011
Citations: 45859/99, [2000] ECHR 551, [2000] ECHR 553 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.212021
Citations: 7714/06, [2010] ECHR 1986 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.426974
Citations: 9224/06, [2008] ECHR 1038 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 22 September 2022; Ref: scu.276867
Citations: 7990/77, [1984] ECHR 21 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 20 September 2022; Ref: scu.445384
Citations: 10375/83, [1984] ECHR 20 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 20 September 2022; Ref: scu.445385
Citations: 10303/83, [1984] ECHR 22 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 20 September 2022; Ref: scu.445383
The claimants had each settled within the UK in accordance with Immigration rules, but now challenged refusal of leave to remain to their husbands who sought to join them. Held: Article 8 did not impose a ‘general obligation on the part of a Contracting State to respect the choice by married couples of the country … Continue reading Abdulaziz, Cabales And Balkandali v United Kingdom: ECHR 28 May 1985
Citations: 4160/10, [2010] ECHR 1425 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 20 September 2022; Ref: scu.444688
ECHR The applicant complained, in particular, of breaches of the guarantee against inhuman and degrading treatment, the excessive length of his pre-trial detention and the impossibility of obtaining judicial review of that detention, unfairness of the trial and lack of independence and impartiality of the trial court, and excessive length of the criminal proceedings against … Continue reading Moiseyev v Russia: ECHR 9 Oct 2008
Citations: 68216/01, [2008] ECHR 1029 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 20 September 2022; Ref: scu.276863
The claimant complained of delay since 2001 of the investigation of his allegations of violence by the police after his arrest. Citations: 36410/02, [2008] ECHR 1034 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 20 September 2022; Ref: scu.276891
Citations: 3003/03, [2008] ECHR 989 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 20 September 2022; Ref: scu.276727
Citations: 45855/99, [2000] ECHR 549, [2000] ECHR 551 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 20 September 2022; Ref: scu.212019
Right of prison to read correspondence with doctor Judges: The Master Of The Rolls Lord Justice Sedley Lord Justice Neuberger Citations: [2004] EWCA Civ 1426, [2004] EWHC 2652 (Admin) Links: Bailii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights 8 Jurisdiction: England and Wales Citing: Appeal from – Szuluk, Regina (on the Application of) v HM … Continue reading Regina on the Application of Szuluk v The Governor of HMP Full Sutton and the Secretary of State for the Home Department: CA 29 Oct 2004
ECHR Judgment : Freedom of expression-{general} : Second Section Citations: 68550/17, [2021] ECHR 109 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 19 September 2022; Ref: scu.658607
ECHR Judgment : Right to a fair trial : Second Section Citations: 62318/09, [2021] ECHR 114 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 19 September 2022; Ref: scu.658574
ECHR Judgment : Protection of property : Third Section Committee Citations: 28427/18, [2021] ECHR 117 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 19 September 2022; Ref: scu.658586
ECHR Judgment : Right to life : Third Section Citations: 36480/13, [2021] ECHR 112 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 19 September 2022; Ref: scu.658600
Citations: 21414/05, [2008] ECHR 979 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights, Benefits, Discrimination Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.276751
Citations: 35123/05, [2010] ECHR 1987 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.426991
Citations: 18885/04, [2006] ECHR 947, [2006] ECHR 963, [2009] ECHR 1677 Links: Bailii, Bailii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.246642
The claimant said that having been arrested in 1994 on suspicion of involvement in a murder, and his trial not taking place until 2000, this had not taken place within a reasonable time. Citations: 76942/01, [2008] ECHR 1039, [2009] ECHR 521 Links: Bailii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights … Continue reading Ivanov v Bulgaria: ECHR 9 Oct 2008
Citations: 56827/00, [2006] ECHR 950, [2006] ECHR 966 Links: Bailii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.246630
Citations: 33949/02, [2006] ECHR 943, [2006] ECHR 959 Links: Bailii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.246626
Citations: 45861/99, [2000] ECHR 540, [2000] ECHR 542 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.212010
Citations: 246/05, [2010] ECHR 1749 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.425839
Citations: [2009] ECHR 976, 7987/07 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Citing: Cited – Sedat Atsiz And Others v Turkey ECHR 10-Jun-2008 . . Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete. Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.443328
The claimant sought judicial review of the decision setting the level of pension payable to him as widower of a deceased general practitioner. He said that the amount payable would have been greater if he had been a women surviving a husband practitioner, since the regulations discounted his wife’s service before 1988. Judges: Supperstone J … Continue reading Cockburn, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for Health: Admn 29 Jul 2011
Citations: 39596/05, [2008] ECHR 991 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights, Benefits, Discrimination Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.276745
Citations: 45868/99, [2000] ECHR 548, [2000] ECHR 550 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.212018
Citations: 13401/03, [2008] ECHR 902 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.276595
Citations: 18566/05, [2008] ECHR 977 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.276734
Citations: 40977/98, [2000] ECHR 538, [2000] ECHR 540 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.212008
Citations: 76110/01, [2008] ECHR 1001 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.276747
Citations: 45863/99, [2000] ECHR 561, [2000] ECHR 563 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.212029
Citations: 40250/98, [2000] ECHR 539, [2000] ECHR 541 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.212009
Citations: 22361/03, [2008] ECHR 983 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 17 September 2022; Ref: scu.276731
ECHR Judgment : Freedom of assembly and association : Second Section Committee Citations: 8064/13, [2021] ECHR 116 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 16 September 2022; Ref: scu.658575
ECHR Judgment : Protection of property : Second Section Citations: 23662/08, [2021] ECHR 108 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 16 September 2022; Ref: scu.658613
Admissibility – The applicant brought summary civil proceedings (kort geding) against the Netherlands State before the President of the Regional Court (arrondissementsrechtbank) of The Hague. He sought an order directed against the State for his unconditional release; in the alternative, for him to be returned to the FRY; in the further alternative, for the State … Continue reading Slobodan Milosevic v The Netherlands: ECHR 19 Jan 1999
Citations: 44066/98, [2000] ECHR 553, [2000] ECHR 555 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 16 September 2022; Ref: scu.212022
Citations: 26792/04, [2008] ECHR 1000 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 16 September 2022; Ref: scu.276741
Citations: 45854/99, [2000] ECHR 557, [2000] ECHR 559 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 16 September 2022; Ref: scu.212025
Citations: 30242/03, [2008] ECHR 984 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 16 September 2022; Ref: scu.276716
Citations: 2368/03, [2008] ECHR 988 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 16 September 2022; Ref: scu.276719
Citations: 36448/97, [1999] ECHR 178 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 16 September 2022; Ref: scu.262993
Citations: 40283/98, [1999] ECHR 99, 40282/98 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 16 September 2022; Ref: scu.263002
ECHR Judgment : Prohibition of torture : Third Section Committee ECHR Judgment : Non-pecuniary damage – award : Third Section Committee Citations: 48053/06, [2021] ECHR 115, [2022] ECHR 4 Links: Bailii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 15 September 2022; Ref: scu.658614
ECHR Judgment : Right to liberty and security : Fourth Section Citations: 69491/16, [2021] ECHR 106 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 15 September 2022; Ref: scu.658621
Citations: 45072/09, [2011] ECHR 1060 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 15 September 2022; Ref: scu.441470
Citations: 64004/09, [2011] ECHR 1058 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 15 September 2022; Ref: scu.441471
The police had arrested three peaceful but vociferous preachers when some members of a crowd gathered round them threatened hostility. Held: Freedom of speech means nothing unless it includes the freedom to be irritating, contentious, eccentric, heretical, unwelcome and provocative provided it did not tend to provoke violence. There was no reasonable inference available in … Continue reading Redmond-Bate v Director of Public Prosecutions: Admn 23 Jul 1999
Citations: 45862/99, [2000] ECHR 560, [2000] ECHR 562 Links: Worldlii, Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 15 September 2022; Ref: scu.212028
Citations: 34631/02, [2008] ECHR 1033 Links: Bailii Statutes: European Convention on Human Rights Jurisdiction: Human Rights Human Rights Updated: 15 September 2022; Ref: scu.276880