Income Tax/Corporation Tax : Penalty – Income tax – Schedule 55 Finance Act 2009 – daily penalty for late filing of self-assessment return – Appellant had prematurely and erroneously registered with HMRC for self-assessment – Notice to File issued – s8A TMA 1970 – special circumstances – Sch 55 para 16 – Appellant unaware and … Continue reading Berthet v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 14 Sep 2017
Capital Gains Tax – TMA 1970 s 12ZB Non-resident CGT return – Schedule 55 Finance Act 2009 – fixed penalties for late filing of self-assessment return – non-resident Appellant failed to report capital gain within 30 days of disposal – Appellant unaware of obligation introduced by Finance Act 2015 – whether reasonable excuse – yes … Continue reading Saunders v Revenue and Customs (Capital Gains Tax/Taxation of Chargeable Gains : Disposal): FTTTx 18 Oct 2017
INCOME TAX – Permission to make a late appeal – section 49 Taxes Management Act 1970 – penalties for late filing of tax returns – Schedule 55 Finance Act 2009 – reasonable excuse – special circumstances Citations: [2020] UKFTT 332 (TC) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales Income Tax, Taxes Management Updated: 23 March 2022; … Continue reading Mcnaughton v Revenue and Customs (Income Tax – Permission To Make A Late Appeal): FTTTx 14 Aug 2020
Procedure – application for permission to appeal – whether reasonable excuse for failure to appeal in time – discovery assessments and penalties – S29 Taxes Management Act 1970 and Schedule 55 to Finance Act 2009 – appeal to HMRC out of time – Martland considered – Application refused Citations: [2020] UKFTT 422 (TC) Links: Bailii … Continue reading Wells v Revenue and Customs (Application for Permission To Appeal – Whether Reasonable Excuse for Failure To Appeal In Time): FTTTx 23 Oct 2020
D bought 500,000 shares in TY 2009/10 for pounds 500,000 in Media Pro Four Ltd. In tax year 2010/11 he sold them to ‘Island House Private Charitable Trust’ for pounds 85,500, realising a loss of pounds 414,500. His 2009/10 tax return claimed share loss relief for that amount against income for that year under section … Continue reading Derry, Regina (on The Application of) v Revenue and Customs: SC 10 Apr 2019
PROCEDURE – automated notices requiring returns – effect of s103 Finance Act 2020 – effect of s12D TMA 1970 – validity of notices of enquiry under s9A TMA 1970 CAPITAL GAINS TAX – entrepreneurs’ relief – s165A(3) TCGA 1992 – company involved in property development and investment property – nature and extent of activities – … Continue reading Allam v Revenue and Customs: UTTC 23 Nov 2021
Discovery assessments – section 29 Taxes Management Act 1970 – Best Judgement VAT assessments – section 73 Value Added Tax Act 1994 – penalties – Schedule 24 Finance Act 2007 Citations: [2020] UKFTT 221 (TC) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 30 January 2022; Ref: scu.651603
Claim by a wife that she has a beneficial interest in a house registered in the sole name of her husband and that her interest has priority over the rights of a bank under a legal charge executed without her knowledge. The case raises a point of importance in the law of registered conveyancing. Shortly … Continue reading Lloyds Bank plc v Rosset: CA 13 May 1988
Annual Tax On Enveloped Dwellings – Tax Returns – s 159 and schedule 35 Finance Act 2013 – penalty for late filing of returns – schedule 55 Finance Act 2009 – whether defects in the penalty notices affected the penalties – yes – section 114 Taxes Management Act 1970 – whether taxpayer had a reasonable … Continue reading Chartridge Development Ltd v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 16 Nov 2016
FTTTx INCOME TAX – self assessment – closure notices – discovery assessments – whether business records adequate – whether sales omitted – whether full disclosure of bank accounts – onus of proof – presumption of continuity – Taxes Management Act 1970 ss. 9A, 12B, 28A, 29, 34, 36, 49G, 50 and 95; Finance Act 2007 … Continue reading Allan v Revenue and Customs (Income Tax/Corporation Tax : Assessment/Self-Assessment): FTTTx 20 Jul 2016
FTTTx Income Tax/Corporation Tax : Penalty – Income Tax – penalties – late submission of SA and partnership Returns – late payment of tax – whether reasonable excuse(s) – TMA 1970 and Finance Act 2009, Schedules 55 and 56 – Appeal allowed in part [2016] UKFTT 401 (TC) Bailii England and Wales Income Tax Updated: … Continue reading Porter v The Commissioner for Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 7 Jun 2016
FTTTx INCOME TAX – application for the tribunal to direct HMRC to issue a closure notice under s 28A Taxes Management Act 1970 – appeal against information notice issued under schedule 36 of the Finance Act 2008 and related penalties – application refused, information notice varied and appeal otherwise dismissed [2016] UKFTT 316 TC Bailii … Continue reading Cherian v Revenue and Customs (Income Tax/Corporation Tax : Other): FTTTx 9 May 2016
Ftttx INCOME TAX – late submission of tax returns – assessments under Section 36 Taxes Management Act 1970 – imposition of penalties under Schedule 41 to Finance Act 2008 – whether properly notified by HMRC – no – penalties imposed under Schedule 56 to Finance Act 2009 – whether reasonable excuse – no – whether … Continue reading Catal v Revenue and Customs (Income Tax/Corporation Tax : Appeal): FTTTx 6 May 2016
Capital gains tax – Disposal from husband to wife – Whether relief governed by condition as to residence of spouses – Whether person resident in U.K. for a year of assessment when so resident for part only of year – Whether relief applied even if one spouse not resident in U.K. – Finance Act 1965, … Continue reading Gubay v Kington (Inspector of Taxes): HL 26 Jan 1984
Corporation tax – Chargeable gains – Disposal of shares acquired in consideration of issue of new share – Whether amount or value of consideration the agreed issue price or other value – Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970, ss 21 and 265 – Finance Act 1965, Sch 6, para 4(l)(a) – Finance Act 1971, Sch … Continue reading Stanton Ltd v Drayton Commercial Investment Co Ltd: HL 8 Jul 1982
Income tax – Schedule E – Benefits – Higher paid employees – Educational awards to children – Whether assessable as benefits to employees – Whether Benefits exempt as scholarship income – Finance Act 1976, 5 61, Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970, s 75. [1983] 1 All ER 151, [1982] UKHL TC – 56 – … Continue reading Wicks v Firth (Inspector of Taxes): HL 16 Dec 1982
HL Capital gains tax – Settled property – Gift in settlement – Part disposal – Connected persons – Assignment of reversion followed by assignment of life interest – Whether the first assignment was only a part disposal – Finance Act 1965 (c 25), ss 22(2), 22(4), 25(2) and Sch 7, paras 17 and 21; Income … Continue reading Berry v Warnett (Inspector of Taxes): HL 6 May 1982
Income tax – Schedule D Case V – Discretionary settlements – Mixed residence trustees – Whether single United Kingdom trustee (the two other trustees being non-resident) liable to income tax and additional rate tax on income from foreign possessions – Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970, ss 108, 114, 122 Finance Act 1973, s 16 … Continue reading Dawson v Inland Revenue Commissioners: HL 4 May 1989
HL Double taxation relief – UK resident company in receipt of dividends from companies resident abroad – Whether relief by way of credit to be given for foreign taxes on such dividends before or after advance corporation tax in respect of distributions made by it is set against its liability to corporation tax – Double … Continue reading Collard (Inspector of Taxes) v Mining and Industrial Holdings Ltd: HL 13 Apr 1989
HL Corporation tax – Group relief – Trading stock – Whether assets acquired as trading stock by one group company from another – Whether prospective capital loss effectively transmuted into a trading loss available for group relief – Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970, ss 273, 274(1) – Finance Act 1965, Sch 7 para 1(1) … Continue reading Coates and Reed (Inspectors of Taxes) v Nova Securities Ltd and Arndale Properties: HL 31 Jan 1985
FTTTx CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY SCHEME -penalties under Schedule 24 Finance Act 2007 of andpound;41.13 – penalty under Section 98A (4) Taxes Management Act 1970 andpound;140 and andpound;7200 – failure to make scheme returns – incorrect assessment raised -appellant had reasonable excuse and penalty not proportional – appeal allowed [2014] UKFTT 759 (TC) Bailii Taxes Management Act … Continue reading Laithwaite v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 6 Aug 2014
Former HL decision in Siebe Gorman overruled The company had become insolvent. The bank had a debenture and claimed that its charge over the book debts had become a fixed charge. The preferential creditors said that the charge was a floating charge and that they took priority. Held: The appeal was allowed. The debenture, although … Continue reading National Westminster Bank plc v Spectrum Plus Limited and others: HL 30 Jun 2005
FTTTx Income tax – Penalties under s 59C Taxes Management Act 1970 and Schedule 56 Finance Act 2009 for late payment of income tax – Appellant believed that a time to pay arrangement that had been agreed for tax due in the previous year continued and covered tax due in the following tax year – … Continue reading Howes v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 11 Jun 2014
Income tax – Penalties under s 59C Taxes Management Act 1970 and Schedule 56 Finance Act 2009 for late payment of income tax – underpayment of income tax caused by employer collecting and accounting for tax at basic rate – tax payable at the higher rate – whether reasonable excuse – no – appeal disallowed … Continue reading Rivers v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 23 May 2014
INCOME TAX – Assessment for additional tax after continuation – penalties – whether sufficient records delivered – whether income undeclared in light of family household expenditure – financial information of spouse not disclosed because of secrecy – Appeal allowed. Sections 12, 29, 34 and 36 of the Taxes Management Act 1970 and Part 1 Finance … Continue reading Whittle v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 4 Mar 2014
ECHR Article 3 Positive obligations Failure by State to put appropriate mechanisms in place to protect National School pupil from sexual abuse by teacher: violation Facts – The applicant alleged that she was subjected to sexual abuse by a teacher (LH) in 1973 when she was a pupil in a state-funded National School owned and … Continue reading O’Keeffe v Ireland: ECHR 28 Jan 2014
Standard Conract – Wide Exclusions, Apply 1977 Act The claimant had acquired a computer system from the defendant, which had failed. It was admitted that the contract had been broken, and the court set out to decide the issue of damages. Held: Even though Wang had been ready to amend one or two of its … Continue reading Pegler Ltd v Wang (UK) Ltd: TCC 25 Feb 2000
FTTTx Section 59C(3) and (4) Taxes Management Act 1970 and Schedule 56 Finance Act 2009 – penalty for late payment of tax – whether time to pay arrangement was agreed with HMRC – no – whether reasonable excuse that Appellant believed arrangement existed – no – appeal disallowed [2014] UKFTT 192 (TC) Bailii Taxes Management … Continue reading King v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 12 Feb 2014
INCOME TAX – Permission to appeal out of time -penalties for failure to make returns – Section 93 of the Taxes Management Act 1970 and Schedule 55 of the Finance Act 2009 [2020] UKFTT 309 (TC) Bailii England and Wales Income Tax Updated: 22 November 2021; Ref: scu.653148
The defendant tenant had disputed payment of water service charges and stopped paying them. The Council obtained a possession order which was suspended on payment or arrears by the defendant at andpound;5.00. The tenant said that when varying the terms of the tenancy to add collection of water rates, the council had failed to comply … Continue reading Rochdale Borough Council v Dixon: CA 20 Oct 2011
Paragraph 18 to Schedule 18 of the Finance Act 1998- Whether reasonable excuse for late return – No [2012] UKFTT 282 (TC) Bailii England and Wales Taxes Management Updated: 12 November 2021; Ref: scu.462717
No Contractual Obligation to Try Case in New York (Gibraltar) The appellant had invested in a fraudulent Ponzi scheme run by Bernard Madoff. They were repaid sums before the fund collapsed, and the trustees now sought repayment by way of enforcement of an order obtained in New York. Held: The appeal was allowed. There was … Continue reading Vizcaya Partners Ltd v Picard and Another: PC 3 Feb 2016
The claimant had been dismissed from his post as chair of archeology after criticism of his marking practices. Though a report vindicated him, the respondent continued with disciplinary procedures. He claimed unfair dismissal. The EAT had allowed the university’s appeal saying that the found repudiatory breach had been remedied before the resignation. The University now … Continue reading Buckland v Bournemouth University Higher Education Corporation: CA 24 Feb 2010
Orders were placed for the construction of ships. They were not delivered. The buyer, the defendant, cancelled the orders. The defendants sought the loss of profit. The claimants said they were entitled only to the repayment of instalments. The arbitrator found in favour of the purchaser. The yard appealed successfully. The purchaser now appealed in … Continue reading Stocznia Gdynia Sa v Gearbulk Holdings Ltd: CA 13 Feb 2009
S 59 C Taxes Management Act 1970 – surcharge – reasonable excuse – no; S 108 Finance Act 2009 – deferred payment plan. [2012] UKFTT 266 (TC) Bailii England and Wales Taxes Management Updated: 11 November 2021; Ref: scu.462669
In the course of ancillary relief proceedings in a divorce, questions arose regarding company assets owned by the husband. The court was asked as to the power of the court to order the transfer of assets owned entirely in the company’s names. The judge had made such an order, finding evidence that the companies had … Continue reading Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd and Others: SC 12 Jun 2013
Interpretation of Exclusion Clauses The plaintiffs had contracted with the defendants for the provision of a night patrol service for their factory. The perils the parties had in mind were fire and theft. A patrol man deliberately lit a fire which burned down the factory. It was an unresolved issue whether the employee intended to … Continue reading Photo Production Ltd v Securicor Transport Ltd: HL 14 Feb 1980
The House considered the power of an officer of the Board of Inland Revenue to seize and remove materials found on premises which a warrant obtained on application to the Common Serjeant authorised him to enter and search; but where the source of the power limited the power of seizure and removal to things ‘which … Continue reading Regina v Inland Revenue Commissioners ex parte Rossminster Ltd: HL 13 Dec 1979
HL Surtax – Tax advantage – Transaction in securities – Company recon- struction – Surplus assets o f old company distributed in voluntary liquidation – Agreement for liquidation providing for agreed methods o f valuation and distribution – Whether (a) whole scheme o f reconstruction, (b) liquidation agreement, (c) distribution in liquidation a transaction in … Continue reading Inland Revenue Commissioners v Joiner: HL 26 Nov 1975
Necessity for Reference to ECJ Lord Denning said that the test for whether a question should be referred to the European Court of Justice is one of necessity, not desirability or convenience. There are cases where the point, if decided one way, would shorten the trial greatly. But if decided the other way, it would … Continue reading HP Bulmer Ltd and Another v J Bollinger Sa and others: CA 22 May 1974
Taxpayer companies challenged the way that the revenue restricted claims for group Corporation Tax relief for subsidiary companies in Europe. The issue was awaiting a decision of the European Court. The Revenue said that the claims now being made by other companies should proceed through the Commissioners who could implement European law directly. The taxpayers … Continue reading Autologic Holdings Plc and others v Commissioners of Inland Revenue: HL 28 Jul 2005
Fairness on Division of Family Capital The House faced the question of how to achieve fairness in the division of property following a divorce. In the one case there were substantial assets but a short marriage, and in the other a high income, but low capital. Held: The 1973 Act gives only limited guidance on … Continue reading Miller v Miller; McFarlane v McFarlane: HL 24 May 2006
The company sought to recover damages from a director who had acted dishonestly, by concealing a financial interest in a different company which had made loans to the claimant company. He replied that the claim was out of time. At first instance the first defendant had been found dishonest through non-disclosure, and that section 21 … Continue reading DEG-Deutsche Investitions und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH v Koshy and Other (No 3); Gwembe Valley Development Co Ltd (in receivership) v Same (No 3): CA 28 Jul 2003
Discrimination – Shifting Burden of Proof (Preliminary Ruling) A woman was employed as a speech therapist by the health authority. She complained of sex discrimination saying that at her level of seniority within the NHS, members of her profession which was overwhelmingly a female profession, were appreciably less well paid than members of comparable professions … Continue reading Enderby v Frenchay Health Authority and Another: ECJ 27 Oct 1993
The company appealed against an order re-instating to the register leases which the company said it had forfeited for non-payment of rent. After the forfeiture, the landlord had granted new leases. It appealed saying that exceptional circumstances existed to justify the non-rectification, and that the judge had erred in giving the revived leases priority. Held: … Continue reading Gold Harp Properties Ltd v Macleod and Others: CA 29 Jul 2014
Wife in Occupation had Overriding Interest The wife had made a substantial financial contribution to the purchase price of the house which was registered only in her husband’s name, and charged to the bank. The bank sought possession. The wife resisted saying that she had an overriding interest. Held: Her equitable interest was not only … Continue reading Williams and Glyn’s Bank Ltd v Boland: HL 19 Jun 1980
The parties had cohabited for a long time, in a home bought by Ms Dowden. After the breakdown of the relationship, Mr Stack claimed an equal interest in the second family home, which they had bought in joint names. The House was asked whether, when a conveyance into joint names indicates only that each party … Continue reading Stack v Dowden: HL 25 Apr 2007
The land-owner appealed by case stated against an assessment to unoccupied, non-domestic rate demands. The land-owner said that they were unoccupied through dilapidations and therefore exempt. They said that the court had wrongly disregarded their evidence that it would be an offence for the properties to be occupied in their condition. Held: The appeal failed. … Continue reading Pall Mall Investments (London) Ltd v Gloucester City Council: Admn 8 Jul 2014
(Scotland) Neighbours had each granted a standard security over their respective properties to the bank. The charge agreements contained personal covenants to repay the sums borrowed on demand. The land-owners appealed against an order for ejectment. Held: The borrowers’ appeal succeeded. The 1970 Act created the standard security but it was a very technical Act. … Continue reading Royal Bank of Scotland Plc v Wilson and Another: SC 24 Nov 2010
The parties had lived together for many years but without marrying. The house had been put in joint names, but without specific advice on the issue or any express declaration of trust. In practice Mr Barron made the direct payments for the house and Mrs Fowler paid for household items. Mrs Fowler appealed a finding … Continue reading Fowler v Barron: CA 23 Apr 2008
Evidence allowed – Care Application after Abuse Children had made allegations of serious sexual abuse against their step-father. He was acquitted at trial, but the local authority went ahead with care proceedings. The parents appealed against a finding that a likely risk to the children had still been been found. Held: A care order could … Continue reading In re H and R (Minors) (Child Sexual Abuse: Standard of Proof): HL 14 Dec 1995
A contract provided for the payment of a stated sum by one party to the contract (A) to the other party (B) in the event of the non-performance by A of one of more contractual obligations owed by A not to B himself but to C, who was not a party to . .
After referring to two Australian cases on penalty clauses in contracts: ‘These statements assist by making it clear that the court should not adopt an approach to provisions as to liquidated damages which could, as indicated earlier, defeat their . .
The plaintiff sought payment from the defendants, a joint stock Company, on a bond, signed by two directors, under the seal of the Company whereby the Company acknowledged themselves to be bound to the plaintiff in pounds 2,000. The company said . .
Under s 3 of the 1962 Act and paras 1 and 10 of Sch 1, a Commonwealth citizen to whom the Act applied landing in the United Kingdom from a ‘ship’ (as widely defined) or an aircraft could within 24 hours of his landing be required by an immigration . .
The court was asked whether a scheme (SHIPS 2) for obtaining relief from tax was made up of a pre-ordained, composite, artifical and tax-motivated events and could be disregarded for fiscal purposes.
If there are lacunas in a statutory regime . .
Taxes are imposed upon subjects by Parliament. A citizen cannot be taxed unless he is designated in clear terms by a taxing Act as a taxpayer and the amount of his liability is clearly defined. A proposition that whether a subject is to be taxed or . .
The defendant tenant said that it had exercised a break clause in the lease held of the claimant. The claimant said the break notice was ineffective because the defendant was in breach of the lease, not having paid an iinsurance service charge, and . .
INCOME TAX – limited liability partnerships – Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act 2005, section 863 – whether HMRC had power to open enquiry under Taxes Management Act 1970, section 12AC – whether any enquiry should have been made under . .
