1. The Upper Tribunal considered applications under rule 43 made consequent on the judgment in R (JCWI) v President of UT (IAC) [2020] EWHC 3103 (Admin) (‘the JCWI judgment’) which had concluded that guidance set out in a Presidential Guidance Note dated 23 March 2020 on the determination of error of law appeals without a hearing was unlawful.
2. A rule 43 application can be made notwithstanding that an appeal has been retained for remaking in the Upper Tribunal but has not yet been remade. The fact that an application for permission to appeal has been made and/or determined, whether by the Upper Tribunal or the Court of Appeal does not give rise to any jurisdictional bar to a rule 43 application.
3. Subject to any matters arising from the circumstances of a particular case, an Upper Tribunal Judge may determine an application under rule 43 to set aside her own decision without offending the rule against apparent bias
4. The Upper Tribunal rejected the submission that the consequence of the JCWI judgment was that every rule 34 decision to proceed without a hearing taken following the issue of the Presidential Guidance Note amounted to a procedural irregularity. A decision made under rule 34 to determine an error of law appeal without a hearing would amount to a procedural irregularity for the purposes of rule 43 if the rule 34 decision rested on an error of law. Whether or not a relevant procedural irregularity occurred must depend on scrutiny of each rule 34 decision, and the reasons given for it. The question is whether the decision that it would be fair to determine the appeal in issue without a hearing was wrong in law.
5. The Upper Tribunal gave guidance on matters likely to be relevant or irrelevant to the decision on any rule 43 application made consequent on the JCWI judgment.
6. Where a procedural irregularity is established, it is necessary, pursuant to rule 43, to consider whether the interests of justice require the decision to be set aside. In cases such as the present ones where the conclusion is that the rule 34 decision rested on an error of law, the interests of justice will require that the error of law decision be set aside save where it is beyond argument that the outcome would be the same if the error of law appeal were to be reheard.
Citations:
[2021] UKUT 233 (IAC)
Links:
Jurisdiction:
England and Wales
Immigration
Updated: 01 February 2022; Ref: scu.668140
