Citations: [1998] EWHC Admin 55 Links: Bailii VAT Updated: 27 May 2022; Ref: scu.138176

Security – common directors -appeal dismissed – Value Added Tax Act 1994 Schedule 11 paragraph 4(2) Citations: [2004] UKVAT V18585 Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 30 November 2022; Ref: scu.199100

VAT – assessment to recover disallowed input tax – section 24 of the Value Added Tax Act 1994 and regulations 13 and 14 of the Value Added Tax Regulations 1995 – whether input tax correctly disallowed – yes – appeal dismissed Citations: [2021] UKFTT 39 (TC) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 30 … Continue reading Knightsbridge Accountants Ltd v Revenue and Customs (VAT – Assessment To Recover Disallowed Input Tax): FTTTx 9 Feb 2021

VALUE ADDED TAX – penalty for dishonest evasion of VAT – liability of officer of company – ss 60 and 61 Value Added Tax Act 1994 – was appellant dishonest – ability of officer to appeal against the amount of the penalty – amount of reduction for co-operation during HMRC’s investigation – appeal dismissed Citations: … Continue reading Jarvis v Revenue and Customs (Value Added Tax – Penalty for Dishonest Evasion): FTTTx 27 Jan 2020

VALUE ADDED TAX – requirement to register for VAT – whether Appellant had reached the threshold for VAT registration – paragraph 1 of schedule 1 to Value Added Tax Act 1994 – appeal allowed Citations: [2020] UKFTT 7 (TC) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 26 November 2022; Ref: scu.646944

VALUE ADDED TAX – exemption in Article 132(1)(h) of Council Directive 2006/112/EEC and item 9 of Group 7 of Schedule 9 to the Value Added Tax Act 1994 – whether services provided by the Appellant as operator of school holiday camps were ‘services . . closely linked to the protection of children and young persons’ … Continue reading RSR Sports Ltd v Revenue and Customs (Value Added Tax – Exemption): FTTTx 7 Nov 2019

VALUE ADDED TAX – private tuition exemption – whether teaching kickboxing is ‘tuition . . covering school . . education’ – no, because kickboxing is not an activity which is commonly taught at schools or universities in the European Union – however, if it had been, kickboxing would not have been prevented from qualifying for … Continue reading Premier Family Martial Arts Llp v Revenue and Customs (Value Added Tax – Private Tuition Exemption): FTTTx 3 Jan 2020

VALUE ADDED TAX – sale of lift pass at indoor ski and snowboard centre – whether supply of transport chargeable at reduced rate (yes) or supply of right to use ski slope chargeable at standard rate (no) – VATA 1994, Schedule 7A, Group 13, Item 1 – appeal allowed. Citations: [2020] UKUT 25 (TCC) Links: … Continue reading Snow Factor Ltd v Revenue and Customs: UTTC 21 Jan 2020

Judges: Tuckey LJ, Arden LJ, Lloyd LJ Citations: [2006] EWCA Civ 1572 Links: Bailii Statutes: Value Added Tax Act 1994 60 Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 19 November 2022; Ref: scu.246375

VALUE ADDED TAX – DIY House Builders Scheme – s 35 Value Added Tax Act 1994 – Regulation 201 Value Added Tax Regulations 1995 – date of the completion of the building – whether claim made within the relevant time limit – appeal allowed Citations: [2019] UKFTT 747 (TC) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales … Continue reading Dunbar v Revenue and Customs (Value Added Tax – DIY House Builders Scheme): FTTTx 13 Dec 2019

FTTTx VALUE ADDED TAX – Import of motor cruiser – Value Added Tax Act 1994 Schedule 8 Group 12 item 2 (i) – whether import zero rated under relief provisions relating to use by persons with disabilities – No – Appeal dismissed Citations: [2013] UKFTT 97 (TC) Links: Bailii Statutes: Value Added Tax Act 1994 … Continue reading Cadbury v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 4 Feb 2013

VALUE ADDED TAX – supply of staff or supply of services consisting in the provision of medical care – provision of pharmacist led clinical services – article 132(1)(c) Principal VAT Directive – exemption for medical care – item 3 and note (2A) group 7 schedule 9 Value Added Tax Act 1994 – appeal allowed Citations: … Continue reading Medacy Ltd v Revenue and Customs (Value Added Tax – Supply of Staff or Supply of Services): FTTTx 13 Sep 2019

VALUE ADDED TAX – DIY builders – claim under Section 35 of the Value Added Tax Act 1994 to recover VAT on goods and services supplied in relation to the construction of a dwelling where the revised planning permission referring to the new dwelling was granted after some of the goods and services were supplied … Continue reading Franks and Franks v Revenue and Customs (Value Added Tax – Diy Builders): FTTTx 11 Feb 2020

VALUE ADDED TAX – Value Added Tax Act 1994, section 30(2) and Group 1 of Schedule 8 – zero-rating – whether a lawn repair product is seed for growing grass for animal feed – no – the product is standard-rated – appeal dismissed Citations: [2019] UKFTT 480 (TC) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT … Continue reading Westland Horticulture Ltd v Revenue and Customs (Procedure : Value Added Tax): FTTTx 25 Jul 2019

Value Added Tax – zero rating – recovery of tax – taxpayer granted planning permission for construction of new dwelling and detached garaging – first floor of garage includes sitting/dining area with kitchen units, two bedrooms and bathroom – planning permission has condition that accommodation on first floor of garage shall be brought into ancillary … Continue reading Luke v Revenue and Customs (Procedure : Value Added Tax – Zero Rating – Recovery of Tax): FTTTx 31 Jul 2019

VDT VALUE ADDED TAX – import VAT – Simplified Import VAT Accounting (‘SIVA’) – trader authorised to defer payment with nil security – default in accounting for domestic VAT – whether sufficient without more to justify revocation of nil security requirement – criteria to be considered – whether trader representing risk to the revenue – … Continue reading Martin Yaffe International Ltd v Revenue and Customs: VDT 14 Jul 2005

VALUE ADDED TAX – Input Tax – invoice from an associated business to another business – same owner and sole director – whether a supply and a continuous supply – yes- amounts incurred in connection with a residential property – whether de minimus reclaim allowable – yes. Value Added Tax Act 1994, sections 24, 25, … Continue reading Computational Structural Mechanics Ltd v Revenue and Customs (VAT – Input Tax : Other): FTTTx 8 Mar 2019

VAT – penalty for late submission of EC Sales List- section 66 Value Added Tax Act 1994 – four month delay by HMRC after 100 day penalty period in issuing penalty notice – whether reasonable excuse – fairness – proportionality – Hok and Total Technology decisions of Upper Tribunal applied – appeal dismissed- comments on … Continue reading Rayknight Enterprises Ltd v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 19 Mar 2014

VALUE ADDED TAX – VAT Mini One Stop Shop (MOSS) Scheme – Cancellation of registration -whether the appellant had persistently failed to comply with its obligations – paragraph 7(e) Schedule 3BA Value Added Tax Act 1994 – whether HMRC had issued reminders in relation to late VAT returns in accordance with Article 58b(2)(a) and Article … Continue reading Krystal Hosting Ltd v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 4 Nov 2020

Zero-rating – supply to handicapped person – Appellant designed and assembled decking to provide access – whether supply of component materials is zero-rated – Group 12, Sch 8, Value Added Tax Act 1994 Citations: [2009] UKFTT 322 (TC) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 15 September 2022; Ref: scu.409098

Judges: Mummery LJ, Scot Baker LJ, Sir Charles Mantell Citations: [2006] EWCA Civ 730, [2006] BTC 5499, [2006] STI 1622, [2006] BVC 569, [2006] STC 1999 Links: Bailii Statutes: Value Added Tax Act 1994 Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 07 September 2022; Ref: scu.242409

The claimant sought to appeal against refusal of relief from payment of sums assessed by way of penalty, on the basis of hardship. HMRC argued that the right of appeal underthe 2007 Act had been taken away by the 1994 Act. Judges: Simon J Citations: [2012] QB 358, [2011] BVC 211, [2012] 2 WLR 435, … Continue reading Totel Ltd, Regina (on The Application of) v The First Tier Tribunal (Tax Chamber) and Others: Admn 24 Mar 2011

Judges: Lord Justice Evans Citations: [2004] EWHC 2490 (Ch) Links: Bailii Statutes: Value Added Tax Act 1994 Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 01 September 2022; Ref: scu.219320

The College had decided to demolish and rebuild its library. It elected to waive exemption to VAT so as to recover the VAT on its rebuilding costs. It had set up and funded an independent company to carry out the works, granting it a lease of the site. It appealed a decision of the tribunal … Continue reading Newnham College Cambridge v Revenue and Customs: CA 24 Mar 2006

FTTTx VALUE ADDED TAX – interest – assessment by HMRC to recover prior overpayments of input tax – input tax claim made in VAT return subject to an adjustment – assessment and adjustment subsequently reduced after long period – whether reduction demonstrates that HMRC had made an error when making original assessment and adjustment – … Continue reading Walk In Walk In Action Ltd v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 29 Jul 2009

FTTTx VAT – assessment – sale of land – option effective – automatic permission – yes – output tax payable. Citations: [2010] UKFTT 5 (TC) Links: Bailii Statutes: Value Added Tax Act 1994 Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 17 August 2022; Ref: scu.408909

FTTTx VALUE ADDED TAX – assessments – best judgment – examination of till records – programming of till – whether transactions fully reflected in VAT returns – evidence showing omission of transactions from main records – assessments confirmed – penalties under s 60 VATA 1994 and Sch 24 FA 2007 also confirmed – appeals dismissed … Continue reading Serla Ltd v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 25 Jun 2014

VDT Value Added Tax – opticians supplying spectacles and contact lenses – apportionment of sales consideration between exempt and taxable elements – assessment of opticians’ and staff time in exempt dispensing and taxable operations – basis of calculation by Respondents for apportionment considered reasonable and to best judgment – VATA 1994 Section 19(4) – Appeal … Continue reading McBurney, Clelland and Boyd Ltd v Revenue and Customs: VDT 4 Jun 2008

EXEMPTION – leaseholds – waiver – legality of lease – Value Added Tax Act 1994 Schedule 9 Group 1, Item 1, Schedule 10 paras 2 and 3 – appeal dismissed Citations: [2006] UKVAT V19521 Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 18 July 2022; Ref: scu.240278

VALUE ADDED TAX – zero-rating – domestic indoor swimming pools with electrically powered covers – swimming pools agreed to be zero-rated – whether cover installed at same time as pool also zero-rated – VATA 1994 Schedule 8 Group 5, Items 2 and 4, Note (22) – findings of fact made but final decision deferred pending … Continue reading Leisure Contracts Ltd v Revenue and Customs: VDT 16 Dec 2005

VALUE ADDED TAX – zero-rating – supplies of cold food from outlets within larger building – VATA 1994, Sch 8 Group 1 Item 1 – whether supplies made ‘in the course of catering’ – meaning of ‘catering’ – supplies not made in the course of catering – whether food to be consumed ‘on the premises’ … Continue reading Compass Contract UK Ltd v Revenue and Customs: VDT 6 May 2005

Appeal against imposition of surcharges after failure to make payments on account of liability to VAT. Defence of reasonable excuse. Judges: Kitchin J Citations: [2007] EWHC 1128 (Ch) Links: Bailii Statutes: Value Added Tax Act 1994 59(A) Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 06 July 2022; Ref: scu.253457

VAT – burden of proof on appellant where assessment on grounds of abuse – transfer of training business to non-profit making company (‘newco’) which claimed VAT exemption – commercial and economic reality – contracts ignored – whether abuse of rights under Halifax plc (C-255/02) – yes – supply not made by newco and therefore not … Continue reading Snow Factor Ltd, Snow Factor Training Ltd v Revenue and Customs (VAT – Burden of Proof On Appellant): FTTTx 31 Oct 2019

Value Added Tax – Application Under Section 85B of Vata 1994 Citations: [2019] UKUT 77 (TCC) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales Citing: Appeal from – Snow Factor Ltd v Revenue and Customs FTTTx 24-Jan-2018 Vat – Reduced Rates : Other . . Lists of cited by and citing cases may be incomplete. VAT Updated: … Continue reading Snow Factor Ltd v Revenue and Customs: UTTC 8 Mar 2019

VDT Value Added Tax – Section 73(1) VATA 1994 – assessment made to best judgment – method of calculating under-declared VAT – whether method used by Commissioners was so unreasonable that resulting assessment was not made to the best of their judgment – no – whether additional factors not made known by Appellant to Commissioners … Continue reading Hung (T/A Hong Kong) v Customs and Excise: VDT 21 Jun 2004

VDT DEFAULT SURCHARGE – Reasonable excuse – Cheque wrongly made out – Genuine mistake – Not a reasonable excuse – VATA 1994 s71(1)(b) – Appeal dismissed Citations: [2004] UKVAT V18615 Links: Bailii Statutes: Value Added Taxes Act 1994 71(1)(b) VAT Updated: 11 June 2022; Ref: scu.199124

VDT VALUE ADDED TAX – dishonest evasion – VATA s 60 – appellant paying six successive centrally-issued assessments for less than the true liability – inadequate attempts to put accounting records in order – whether ‘dishonest’ – yes – appeal dismissed but reduction for mitigation increased Judges: Colin Bishopp C Citations: [2004] UKVAT V18563 Links: … Continue reading Zen Internet Ltd v Customs and Excise: VDT 5 Apr 2004

VALUE ADDED TAX – bad debt relief – s 36 VATA 1994, reg 168 VAT Regulations 1995, Articles 73 and 90 Principal VAT Directive – factoring services – when is the consideration received – requirement in reg 168 for a ‘refunds for bad debts account’ Citations: [2020] UKUT 357 (TCC) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and … Continue reading Regency Factors Plc v Revenue and Customs: UTTC 13 Nov 2020

VDT VAT – Default surcharge – s.59 VATA 1994 – Whether a reasonable excuse was shown – Misdirection by an officer relied on by the Appellant, to the effect that a late payment of VAT in specified circumstances would not attract a surcharge – Finding that no misdirection established – Held no reasonable excuse shown … Continue reading Global Vehicle (UK) Ltd v Customs and Excise: VDT 26 Mar 2004

The taxpayer had a loyalty scheme under which they issued vouchers to shoppers who had purchased goods to a certain value. They sought to deduct the sums when accounting for VAT. Held: Upon earning 150 loyalty points in a quarter, vouchers were given to customers, and there were other schemes. The entire cycle of transactions … Continue reading Tesco Plc v Customs and Excise Commissioners: CA 14 Oct 2003

The unincorporated association employed staff to provide services to its members. The cost was paid from subscriptions. Held: The provision of these services was chargeable to VAT, and the subscriptions were accordingly liable to VAT. Provisions within the constitution that such services were supplied by the association as agent for the members, were insufficient to … Continue reading Eastbourne Town Radio Cars Association v Commissioners of Customs and Excise: HL 4 Apr 2001

UTTC VALUE ADDED TAX – Zero-rating – Whether product zero-rated as food or standard-rated as beverage – Value Added Tax Act 1994, Schedule 8, Group 1, excepted item 4. Citations: [2011] UKUT 432 (TCC) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 03 June 2022; Ref: scu.449957

VALUE ADDED TAX – builders and constructors – assessment to VAT – input tax – ‘accruals’ – whether assessment made to best judgment – section 73 VATA 1994 – appeal dismissed Citations: [2005] UKVAT V19116 Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 02 June 2022; Ref: scu.229581

Delayed VAT repayment by Customs and Excise – challenge to statutory rate payable Judges: Mr Justice Lindsay Citations: [2004] EWHC 2923 (Admin) Links: Bailii Statutes: Value Added Tax Act 1994 78 Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 31 May 2022; Ref: scu.220298

FTTTx VAT – Application for permission to appeal out of time – Value Added Tax Act 1994, s. 83G(1) and (6) – Application allowed in part Citations: [2014] UKFTT 549 (TC) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales Citing: See Also – Romasave Property Services Ltd v Revenue and Customs FTTTx 26-Apr-2013 FTTTx VAT – application … Continue reading Romasave (Property Services) Ltd v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 3 Jun 2014

Interpretation of section 84(10) of the Value Added Tax Act 1994 What is at issue is whether section 84(10) enables the appellant, Metropolitan International Schools Limited, to advance a legitimate expectation claim in the context of appeals to the First-tier Tribunal rather than by way of judicial review. Held: The appeal failed. Section 84(10) of … Continue reading Metropolitan International Schools Ltd v Revenue and Customs: CA 14 Feb 2019

VDT DEFAULT SURCHARGE – Reasonable excuse – Application to Commissioners to stagger accounting periods – Letter of approval warned that return form may be issued under old regime – Meaning of letter not clear – Whether reasonable excuse – Appeal allowed – VATA 1994 s 59 Judges: Angus Nicol (Chairman), Miss A West Fca Citations: … Continue reading Accounting Alliance Ltd v The Commissioners of Customs And Excise: VDT 14 Feb 2001

UTTC Value Added Tax – claim to repayment of output tax allegedly overpaid – whether services provided by Appellant Association to its members exempt under Value Added Tax Act 1994, Schedule 9, Group 9, Item 1(d) – whether primary purpose of Association was lobbying – whether any exemption under Item 1(d) disapplied by Note 5 … Continue reading British Association of Leisure Parks, Piers and Attractions Led v Revenue and Customs: UTTC 12 Mar 2013

FTTTx VAT – Strike out application – Penalty imposed following withdrawal of appeal by appellant – Effect of s 85 Value Added Tax Act 1994 on withdrawal of appeal – Whether appellant estopped from appealing against penalty on the same grounds as it raised in withdrawn appeal and/or whether an abuse of process to do … Continue reading Meridian Defence and Security Ltd v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 25 Mar 2014

Discovery assessments – section 29 Taxes Management Act 1970 – Best Judgement VAT assessments – section 73 Value Added Tax Act 1994 – penalties – Schedule 24 Finance Act 2007 Citations: [2020] UKFTT 221 (TC) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales VAT Updated: 30 January 2022; Ref: scu.651603

FTTTx EXEMPTION – Trade Association – Primary purpose – Whether association’s primary purpose was making representations to the government on legislation and other public matters – No – Whether association restricted membership wholly or mainly to members whose business interests were directly connected with the purposes of the association – No – VATA 1994 Schedule … Continue reading The British Association of Leisure Parks, Piers and Attractions Ltd v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 12 Oct 2011

VAT – Exemption – Company providing educational courses to students – succession of agreements between company and university – whether supply of educational courses by company exempt – whether courses supplied by eligible body – whether company a college of a university – VATA 1994 Sch 9, Group 6, Item 1, Note (1)(b) – EC … Continue reading SAE Education Ltd v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 28 Feb 2014

Claim to recover compound interest on overpayments of VAT to HMRC. Lord Neuberger MR, Longmore, Etherton LJJ [2011] EWCA Civ 429, [2011] BVC 246, [2011] STC 1371, [2011] STI 1441 Bailii Value Added Tax Act 1994 78 England and Wales VAT Updated: 18 January 2022; Ref: scu.443299

FTTTx VAT – Repayment claim – Whether submitted within four year time limit under s 80 Value Added Tax Act 1994 – No – Appeal dismissed [2015] UKFTT 613 (TC) Bailii England and Wales VAT Updated: 07 January 2022; Ref: scu.556393

FTTTx VALUE ADDED TAX – transfer of machinery forming part of the assets of a business – transfer taking place as part of a settlement agreement – whether a supply – Para 5 Schedule 4 VAT Act 1994 – appeal dismissed [2015] UKFTT 463 (TC) Bailii England and Wales VAT Updated: 04 January 2022; Ref: … Continue reading Phoenix Optical Technologies Ltd v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 14 Sep 2015

FTTtx Vat – Penalties : Reasonable Excuse – VAT – default surcharge – ss59 and 71, Value Added Tax Act 1994 – reasonable excuse – incorrect advice by a taxpayer’s accountant – incorrect information provided to the taxpayer’s accountant by HMRC over two years earlier – appeal dismissed [2015] UKFTT 379 (TC) Bailii England and … Continue reading Whiston Motor Factors Ltd v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 6 Aug 2015

FTTTx VAT – default surcharge – whether reasonable excuse – section 59(7) Value Added Tax Act 1994 -appellant designs and organises manufacture of garments to clothing retailers – financial difficulties caused variously by major customer changing terms of business, and defective product run – appeal allowed in part [2014] UKFTT 1093 (TC) Bailii England and … Continue reading Playful Promises Ltd v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 12 Dec 2014

UTTC VALUE ADDED TAX – input tax – DIY Builders Scheme – construction of dwelling as equestrian facilities managers residence – whether designed as a dwelling for purposes of Group 8 of Schedule 5 VAT Act 1994 – whether description in planning application as equestrian facilities managers residence prohibited separate use of dwelling – no … Continue reading Revenue and Customs v Shields: UTTC 24 Oct 2014

FTTTx VAT – Default surcharge – SECTION 59 Value Added Tax Act 1994 – Reasonable excuse – Proportionality – appeal dismissed [2014] UKFTT 920 (TC) Bailii Value Added Tax Act 1994 59 England and Wales VAT Updated: 21 December 2021; Ref: scu.537265

FTTTx EVASION – VAT civil evasion penalty – sections 60 and 61 VATA 1994 – payment of central VAT assessments over long period – assessments lower than the VAT actually due – whether Appellants knew of the discrepancy – liability of director for penalty – whether HMRC satisfied burden of proof – appeals allowed [2014] … Continue reading Kendricks Planning Ltd v Revenue and Customs: FTTTx 6 Aug 2014

FTTTX VAT – Default surcharge – SECTION 59 Value Added Tax Act 1994 – Reasonable excuse – Proportionality – appeal dismissed. [2014] UKFTT 726 (TC) Bailii VAT Updated: 20 December 2021; Ref: scu.535798

FTTTx VAT – Strike out application – Whether Tribunal has jurisdiction in relation to a claim for recovery of VAT under s 33 Value Added Tax Act 1994 – No – Application allowed [2014] UKFTT 517 (TC) Bailii VAT Updated: 05 December 2021; Ref: scu.526885

The applicant challenged the decision to treat toasted sandwiches and their ‘meatball marinara’ as falling within Schedule 8 Part II Group 1 Note 3(b) of the 1994 act, and this as ‘standard-rated’ rather than ‘zero-rated’ for the purposes of Value Added Tax. Rimer, McCombe, Briggs LJJ [2014] EWCA Civ 773 Bailii Value Added Tax Act … Continue reading Sub One Ltd (T/A Subway) v HM Revenue and Customs: CA 10 Jun 2014