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swarb.co.uk - law indexThese cases are from the lawindexpro database. They are now being transferred to the swarb.co.uk website in a better form. As a case is published there, an entry here will link to it. The swarb.co.uk site includes many later cases. Â |
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Scotland - From: 1970 To: 1979This page lists 86 cases, and was prepared on 20 May 2019. ÂRobertson v RB Cowe and Co 1970 SLT 122 1970 Lord Migdale, Lord Guthrie, Lord President Clyde Scotland, Health and Safety A trestle erected on a marine slipway moved causing a workman to fall. Held: Lord Guthrie concluded "from the whole circumstances elicited . . as to the position of the staging, the way in which the pursuer worked, the outward movement of the trestle, and where the pursuer fell" that "on a balance of probabilities . . the erection was insecure and unsafe". Lord Migdale treated the fact that the trestle fell over as proof that it was not safe, and both he and, with hesitation, Lord President Clyde concluded that the decision in Nimmo meant that breach of section 29(1) was established once it was proved that the trestle was not sufficiently stable to support a workman doing his job there normally. 1 Citers  Jamieson v Northern Electricity Supply Corp (Private) Ltd 1970 SLT 113 1970 Lord Johnston Scotland, Jurisdiction It was argued that there had been an implied submission to the Zambian courts by an employee because the contract of employment was entered into in, and to be performed in Zambia, and assumed to be governed by Zambian law, and that a Azambian judgement on the matter should be enforced. Held: Lord Johnston (at 116) took the view that a submission was not lightly to be implied, and could not be implied from a conjunction of those factors. Registration of the Zambian judgment was set aside because the 1933 Act did not apply to Zambia. 1 Citers  BS Brown and Son Ltd v Craiks Ltd [1970] UKHL 6; 54 Cr App Rep 460; [1970] 1 All ER 823; [1970] 1 WLR 752; [1970] 3 All ER 97; 134 JP 622; [1972] AC 60; 1970 SC (HL) 51; [1970] 3 WLR 501; 1970 SLT 141 3 Mar 1970 HL Lord Robertson Scotland, Contract [ Bailii ]  Jefford v Gee [1970] 2 QB 130; [1970] EWCA Civ 8; [1970] 1 All ER 1202; [1970] 1 Lloyd's Rep 107; [1970] 2 WLR 702 4 Mar 1970 CA Lord Denning MR Damages, Scotland, Personal Injury The courts of Scotland followed the civil law in the award of interest on damages. The court gave examples of the way in which they apply the ex mora rule when calculating the interest payable in a judgment. If money was wrongfully withheld, then the courts had power to award interest during the period of delay between the time the money was legally and ascertainably due and the time when the court ordered that it should be paid. The court established the principles for awarding interest on damages awards in personal injuries cases: "Therefore if I could see my way to do so, I should certainly be disposed to give the appellants, or anybody in a similar position, interest upon the amount withheld from the time of action brought at all events." and "It should only be awarded to a plaintiff for being kept out of money which ought to have been paid to him" and "We applied this principle very recently in Harbutt's 'Plasticine' Ltd . . . where we all agreed in saying: 'the basis of an award of interest is that the defendant has kept the plaintiff out of his money; and the defendant has had the use of it himself. So he ought to compensate the plaintiff accordingly'." The court used published short term interest rates. The half rate approach was used because interest was not large enough to warrant minute attention to detail. The half rate was a reasonable approximation. In relation to benefits, the plaintiff (whilst he received no interest on the moiety for which he gave credit against damages) did not have to give credit in the interest calculation in respect of his windfall receipt of the other moiety of benefits paid. 1 Cites 1 Citers [ Bailii ]  Rhodes v Peterson [1970] ScotCS CSOH - 1 25 Nov 1970 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]   Inland Revenue v Graham's Trustees; HL 1971 - 1971 SC (HL) 1   Mangin v Commissioner of Inland Revenue; PC 1971 - [1971] AC 739  McCreadie v Thomson and Macintyre (Patternmakers) Limited [1971] UKHL 5; [1971] 1 WLR 1193; 1971 SLT 242; [1971] 2 All ER 1135; 1971 SC(HL) 124 29 Jun 1971 HL Scotland, Employment Redundancy Payments Act 1965 2 [ Bailii ]  Dynamco v Holland, Hannan and Cubbits [1971] ScotCS CSIH - 1 15 Jul 1971 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Ritchie v Petrie [1971] ScotHC HCJ - 1 4 Nov 1971 HCJ Scotland, Crime [ Bailii ]  Steels TR v Bradley Homes [1971] ScotCS CSOH - 2 17 Dec 1971 SCS Scotland [ Bailii ]  Brodie v British Railways Board 1972 SLT (Notes) 37 1972 HL Lord Kilbrandon Scotland 1 Citers  Highland Engineering Ltd v Thomson 1972 SC 87 1972 Scotland, Company, Insolvency The liquidation of a company is treated as the equivalent as bankruptcy to prevent the hardship of a debtor who is also a creditor being forced to pay in full, when he will come in only as a creditor for a dividend for his debt as a result of ranking pari passu with the ordinary creditors. 1 Citers  Kirkintilloch Equitable Cooperative Society Ltd v Livingstone [1972] ScotCS CSIH - 1 2 Mar 1972 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Lowrie's Jf v Mcmillan [1972] ScotCS CSOH - 2 3 Mar 1972 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  McKendrick v Sinclair [1972] UKHL 9; 1972 SLT 110; 1972 SC (HL) 25 15 Mar 1972 HL Scotland, Damages, Constitutional The House considered the nature of an action for assythment - a claim for damages by the family of a victim of a homicide where the perpetrator had not suffered capital punishment. The defendant here argued that it was no longer good law. Held: The common law was not lost through lack of use. The remedy still existed. [ Bailii ]  Lord Advocate v Babcock and Wilcox (Operations) Ltd [1972] UKHL 8; [1972] 1 WLR 488; [1972] 1 All ER 1130; [1972] SLT 103; [1972] SC (HL) 1; (1972) 12 KIR 329 15 Mar 1972 HL Employment, Scotland 1 Citers [ Bailii ]  Wan Ping Nam v German Federal Republic Minister of Justice [1972] ScotHC HCJ - 1 13 Jul 1972 HCJ Scotland, Crime [ Bailii ]  Callander v Callander's Executor [1972] UKHL 10 19 Jul 1972 HL Scotland [ Bailii ]   McLaren v Caldwell's Paper Mill Company Ltd; 1973 - 1973 SLT 153   Cumming v Mackie; 1973 - 1973 SC 278   McGhee v National Coal Board; HL 1973 - [1973] 1 WLR 1; [1973] SC (HL) 37; [1972] 3 All ER 1008; [1972] UKHL 7; [1972] UKHL 11  Murrayfield Ice Rink Ltd v Scottish Rugby Union Trustees 1973 SC 21 1973 Lord Justice Clerk Grant Scotland, Land The court referred to a clause in the feu charter which described a right of use of an area of ground as a car park as a servitude right as "a mere servitude right." 1 Citers  Miller v John Finlay Macleod and Parker (A Firm) [1973] ScotCS CSIH - 1 30 Mar 1973 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Brodin v Seljan [1973] ScotCS CSOH - 3 16 May 1973 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Malloch v Aberdeen Corporation [1973] ScotCS CSIH - 2 1 Jun 1973 SCS Scotland, Employment 1 Cites [ Bailii ]  Aitchison v Reith and Anderson (Dingwall and Tain) Ltd [1973] ScotHC HCJ - 1 13 Jul 1973 HCJ Scotland, Crime [ Bailii ]  Fowler v Tierney 1974 SLT (Notes) 23 1974 Lord Ordinary, Lord Maxwell Scotland, Personal Injury A young woman was injured in a collision with a motor car when she was travelling as a pillion passenger on a motor scooter. She brought an action claiming damages against the driver of the motor scooter. The defender pleaded, inter alia, volenti non fit injuria. Held: It was proved that the defender evinced an initial reluctance to give the pursuer a lift, but he did inform her that he had only a provisional licence, either by using those actual words or words to equivalent effect, and that something was said by the defender relating to the pursuer taking a risk or to it being her fault if anything happened. The defender's plea was repelled. 1 Citers  Bonnor v Balfour Kilpatrick [1974] ScotCS CSIH - 1 9 Jun 1974 SCS Scotland [ Bailii ]  Varney (Scotland) Ltd v Burgh of Lanark [1974] ScotCS CSIH - 2 12 Jul 1974 SCS Scotland [ Bailii ]  Gibson v Lord Advocate 1975 SC 136 1975 Lord Keith Scotland, Ecclesiastical, Constitutional Lord Keith reserved his opinion on whether provisions in the Acts of Union of 1707 and legislation purporting to abolish the Church of Scotland were justiciable. 1 Citers  Callendar v Callendar 1975 SC 183 1975 Scotland   Alexander Ward and Co Ltd v Samyang Navigation Co Ltd; HL 1975 - 1975 SC (HL) 26   Lomax v Ladbroke Racing Limited; 1975 - [1975] IRLR 363   Dorchester Studios (Glasgow) Ltd v Stone; HL 1975 - 1975 SC (HL) 56  Smart v H.M. Advocate [1975] ScotHC HCJ - 1 24 Jan 1975 HCJ Scotland, Crime [ Bailii ]  Gibson v Lord Advocate [1975] ScotCS CSOH - 3 7 Mar 1975 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Mitchell v Mcculloch [1975] ScotCS CSOH - 4 21 Jul 1975 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Gibson v Hunter Home Designs Ltd [1975] ScotCS CSIH - 1 7 Nov 1975 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]   Dick v Falkirk Burgh; HL 26-Nov-1975 - [1975] UKHL 6; 1976 SLT 21; 1976 SC (HL) 1  Dalgleish v Glasgow Corp [1975] ScotCS CSIH - 2 3 Dec 1975 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Coupar's Jf v Valentine [1975] ScotCS CSOH - 5 4 Dec 1975 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Anderson v Laverock [1975] ScotHC HCJ - 2 18 Dec 1975 HCJ Scotland, Crime [ Bailii ]  Crown Estate Commissioners v Fairlie Yacht Slip Ltd 1976 SC 161 1976 Lord Dunpark Land, Scotland The defenders had laid down moorings on the seabed in Fairlie Bay. They argued that the right to lay moorings was a necessary incident of the public right of navigation. The pursuers maintained, however, that the right to anchor was restricted to temporary anchorage in the course of passage and that it did not extend to quasi-permanent anchorage between voyages. Held: A right to lay up a vessel between voyages is a not necessary incident of a public right of navigation: "the public right of navigation is restricted in the manner for which the pursuers contend. In my opinion, the earliest point of time when navigation begins is when a vessel is being prepared for a voyage, and navigation ends when the ship is left, either unmanned or with a caretaker crew, at the end of a voyage. A ship moored between voyages is not being navigated. The laying up of a vessel is, in my opinion, an incident of ownership; it cannot properly be regarded as a necessary incident of the right of navigation." 1 Citers  Mitchell v McCulloch 1976 SC 1 1976 Lord McDonald Scotland 1 Citers  Gibson v Hunter Home Designs Limited 1976 SC 23 1976 Lord President Emslie Scotland, Land A disposition had been executed but not delivered. Held: Entry to the subjects and payment of the price, referable to the terms of the missives, did not instruct the existence of a trust pending delivery of the disposition to the purchaser. There was no evidence of the constitution of a trust and that it was impossible to entertain the suggestion that as a result of the purchaser's entry to the subjects and payment of the price a trust in his favour had come into existence. "In the law of Scotland no right of property vests in a purchaser until there has been delivered to him the relevant disposition. On delivery of the disposition the purchaser becomes vested in a personal right to the subjects in question and his acquisition of a real right to the subjects is dependent upon recording the disposition in the appropriate Register of Sasines. Putting the matter in another way the seller of subjects under missives is not, in a question with the purchaser, divested of any part of his right of property in the subjects of sale until, in implement of his contractual obligation to do so, he delivers to the purchaser the appropriate disposition." 1 Citers   Wills Trustees v Cairngorm Canoeing and Sailing School; HL 1976 - [1976] SC (HL) 30   North West Securities Ltd v Barrhead Coachworks Ltd; SCS 9-Jan-1976 - [1976] ScotCS CSOH - 5   Chanthall Investments Ltd v F G Minter Ltd; OHCS 22-Jan-1976 - 1976 SC 73  Lamb v La [1976] ScotCS CSIH - 1 27 Feb 1976 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Alexander Stephen (Forth) Ltd v J J Riley (UK) Ltd [1976] ScotCS CSOH - 4; 1976 SLT 269; 1976 SC 151 2 Mar 1976 SCS Lord Kincraig Scotland, Contract "The main submission for the defenders was that the pursuers could not rely on Condition 5 to avoid liability for breaches of contract because the particular circumstances averred by the defenders as justifying their actions were not expressly covered by the condition. It was said that as the defenders averred that the pursuers' failure in performance involved something wholly different from what the contract contemplated this was a situation not expressly covered by Condition 5 and therefore it could not be invoked." [ Bailii ]   Wills' Trustees v Cairngorm Canoeing and Sailing School Ltd; HL 3-Mar-1976 - [1976] UKHL 8  Grayston Plant Ltd v Plean Precast Ltd [1976] ScotCS CSIH - 2 9 Jun 1976 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  McPhee v Heatherwick 1977 SLT (Sh Ct) 46 1 Jul 1976 Sheriff Macphail Scotland, Litigation Practice (Glasgow Sheriff Court) The court asked whether, when a prior action had been disposed of by dismissal, it was or was not always open to a pursuer to raise a new action. Held: The defender's plea of res judicata was sustained. 1 Citers  Palazzo v Copeland [1976] ScotHC HCJ - 1 14 Jul 1976 HCJ Scotland, Crime [ Bailii ]  Glynwed Distribution Ltd v S Koronka and Co [1976] ScotCS CSIH - 3 29 Oct 1976 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  McGregor v D 1977 SC 330 1977 Lord President Emslie Scotland, Evidence With regard to proceedings under the 1968 Act, in no sense were these proceedings criminal proceedings. They were on the contrary civil proceedings sui generis. Where the ground of referral is that the child has committed an offence and the sheriff is asked to consider whether this ground has been established under section 68 of the 1995 Act, the standard of proof which must be applied is that which is required in criminal procedure: section 68(3)(b). The Civil Evidence (Scotland) Act 1988 provides for the abolition of corroboration and the admission of hearsay evidence in civil proceedings. But section 9 of that Act excepts from the definition of "civil proceedings" for the purposes of that Act any hearing by a sheriff of an application under what is now Part II of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995 where the ground of referral was that the child has committed an offence. Nevertheless, the proceedings which Parliament has laid down for the determination of these applications by the sheriff is civil procedure. Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968 1 Citers  Constanda v M 1997 SC 217 1977 SCS Scotland, Children The child had been referred to a children's hearing on the basis that he was exposed to moral danger in terms of section 32(2)(b). Held: As the whole substratum of the ground of referral was that the child had performed certain acts which constituted criminal offences, the commission of the offences had to be proved to the criminal standard. This was despite the fact that the proceedings before the sheriff were civil proceedings, and in the absence of any rule laid down by the Act which required the criminal standard to be applied in any case other than where the child had been referred under section 32(2)(g) on the ground that he had committed an offence. Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968 32(2)(b) 1 Citers  LA v Royal Bank of Scotland [1977] ScotCS CSIH - 1 24 Feb 1977 SCS Scotland [ Bailii ]  Sloans Dairies v Glasgow Corp [1977] ScotCS CSIH - 2 24 Mar 1977 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Brennan v HM Advocate 1977 SLT 151; [1977] ScotHC HCJ - 1; 1977 JC 38, 12 May 1977 HCJ Emslie LJG Scotland, Crime The defendant appealed against his conviction for murder after his special defence of insanity was rejected. The trial judge, in charging the jury withdrew the special defence from their consideration and directed them that the evidence of the appellant's state of intoxication did not entitle them to return a verdict of culpable homicide. In the result the outcome of the trial was conviction of the appellant of murder. 1 Citers [ Bailii ]  Commerzbank Ag v Large [1977] ScotCS CSIH - 3 20 Jul 1977 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]   Bluebell Apparel Ltd v Dickinson; SCS 14-Oct-1977 - [1977] ScotCS CSIH - 4; 1978 SC 16; 1980 SLT 157  Lawrence Building Co v Lanarkshire Cc [1977] ScotCS CSIH - 5 20 Oct 1977 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Association of Patternmakers and Allied Craftsmen v Kirvin Ltd [1978] IRLR 318 1978 EAT Lord McDonald Employment, Scotland The court discussed the punitive nature of a protective award made where a company failed to consult on redundancies: "A Tribunal, however, is specifically enjoined to determine the [protected] period and so the amount of the award by paying regard to the seriousness of the employer's default. This introduces a punitive element into the jurisdiction of an Industrial Tribunal and in contrast with eg, the calculation of a compensatory award which is based upon what is just and equitable having regard to the loss sustained." 1 Citers  Finlayson v HM Advocate 1978 SLT (Notes) 60 1978 Scotland, Health 1 Citers  Wotherspoon v HM Advocate (1978) JC 74 1978 Lord Justice General Emslie Scotland, Health and Safety The Lord Justice General set out the requirements to establish an offence under section 37(4) of the Act. Where the officer of the company had no actual knowledge of the breach of the regulations, the question was whether he should have been put on inquiry by the circumstances so as to have made inquiries as to the implementation of the procedures. Lord Justice General Emslie said the section is concerned primarily to provide a penal sanction against those persons charged with functions of management who can be shown to have been responsible for the commission of the offence by a body corporate, and that the functions of the office which he holds will be a highly relevant consideration. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 37(4) 1 Citers  Atkins v London Weekend Television 1978 JC 48 1978 Scotland Whilst there could come a point at which material published about a forthcoming trial was so detrimental to the interests of an accused person that a fair trial might become impossible, there could never be actual proof of the "poisoning" of the "well of truth". The Lord Advocate decided not to continue with a prosecution on account of prejudicial publicity. 1 Citers  Irvine Knitters Ltd v North Ayrshire Cooperative Society Ltd [1978] ScotCS CSIH - 1 27 Jan 1978 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council [1978] UKHL 5; [1979] JPL 169; (1978) 248 EG 777; 1978 SC (HL) 90; 1978 SLT 159; (1979) 38 P and CR 521 15 Feb 1978 HL Wilberforce, Fraser of Tulleybelton, Killowen, Kinkel LL Land, Scotland, Company The House considered the compensation payable on the compulsory purchase of land occupied by the appellant, but held under a company name. Held: The House declined to allow the principal shareholder of a company to recover compensation for the compulsory purchase of a property which the company occupied. the separate personality of a company is a real thing. Lord Keith observed that "it is appropriate to pierce the corporate veil only where special circumstances exist indicating that it is a mere facade concealing the true facts." Where the evidence shows that a company has been used as a vehicle or device for receiving monies wrongly paid out of a claimant company in breach of a defendant's duty to that company, the receipt by the third party vehicle will be treated as the receipt by the defendant. 1 Citers [ Bailii ]   Honeyman's Executors v Sharp; scs 14-Mar-1978 - 1978 SC 223; [1978] ScotCS CSOH - 4; 1979 SLT 177  Cantors Properties v Swears and Wells [1978] ScotCS CSIH - 2 3 May 1978 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Crown Estate Commissioners v Fairlie Yacht Slip Ltd [1978] ScotCS CSIH - 3 10 Nov 1978 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Kivlin v Milne 1979 SLT (Notes) 2 1979 Scotland, Crime Intention to deprive permanently. The defender took a car without the owner's consent and left it in a place where it was not likely to be found. Held: The Sheriff had been entitled to infer that there had been an intention to deprive the owner permanently, and therefore that there was theft.  Fairbairn v Scottish National Party (1979) SC 393 1979 Lord Ross Elections, Scotland Lord Ross held that a statement made during the course of an election campaign, which suggested that the pursuer (a member of parliament) did not collect his constituency mail from the House of Commons Post office was an attack on his character as a political representative but did not amount to an attack on his honour, veracity or purity. He rejected a claim of electoral malpractice, and said: "that every false statement in relation to thee public character of a candidate may in one sense reflect upon the candidate's personal character, but before there can be an illegal practice in terms of the statute, the false statement of fact must be directly related to the personal character of conduct of the candidate." 1 Cites 1 Citers  Wilson v Independent Broadcasting Authority [1979] SC 351 OH; [1979] SLT 279 1979 OHCS Lord Ross Elections, Media, Scotland In the lead up to the Scottish referendum on Devolution, the Authority required the broadcasters to carry party political broadcasts for each of the four main parties. Three parties favoured voting yes in the referendum, and the authority was injuncted by those opposing the Yes campaign. Held: The injunction was set aside. The Act required the Authority to maintain a balance of approximately for each case. The court considered how the broadcasting media should achieve balance during elections. Lord Ross said: "I see no reason in principle why an individual should not sue in order to prevent a breach by a public body of a duty owed by that public body to the public. It may well be that the Lord Advocate could be a petitioner if the interests of the public as a whole were affected..., but I see no reason why an individual should not sue provided always that the individual can qualify an interest. Having considered the petitioners' averments, I am of the opinion that the petitioners have averred sufficient interest. (1) They are voters and the Referendum gives them the choice to say 'Yes' or 'No'. (2) They belong to an organisation or group who apparently believe that the question should be answered 'No'. (3) It is implicit in the name of the organisation or group that the petitioners wish to persuade other voters to vote 'No'. It is plain from the petition and the answers that the petitioners and the political parties believe that the programmes are likely to be influential upon the electorate in Scotland, and if that is so, the petitioners have an interest to see that the respondents do not act in breach of any statutory duties in relation to such programmes." Broadcasting Act 1990 1 Citers  McWhirter and Wilson v Independent Television Authority [1979] SC 351 1979 OHCS Media, Scotland, Elections, Judicial Review The Independent Broadcasting Authority in the exercise of its powers under the Act were susceptible to judicial review. Television Act 1964  Watt v Lord Advocate 1979 SC 120 1979 Lord President Emslie Scotland, Administrative Lord President Emslie said: "it seems clear that, however much this is to be regretted, the Court Session has never had power to correct an intra vires error of law made by a statutory tribunal or authority exercising statutory jurisdiction. As Lord Justice Clerk Moncrieff said in Lord Advocate v Police Commissioners of Perth (1869) 8 M 244 at p 245 – 'In the ordinary case it would now, I think, be held that where statutory powers are given, and a statutory jurisdiction is set up, all other jurisdictions are excluded' There is no indication in any subsequent authority that this view has been doubted or even questioned and I entirely agree with the Lord Ordinary for the reasons which he gives that the fact that the Court of Session may have exercised a comprehensive corrective jurisdiction over determinations of parochial aid in the 18th and early 19th Centuries does not in any way support the existence of a jurisdiction in this court to correct errors by a statutory tribunal in the due performance of its statutory duties." 1 Citers  Export Credits Guarantee Dept v Turner [1979] ScotCS CSIH - 2 26 Jan 1979 SCS Scotland [ Bailii ]  Mcildowie v Muller [1979] ScotCS CSIH - 1 16 Feb 1979 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  Stone v Macdonald [1979] ScotCS CSOH - 5 21 Feb 1979 scs Scotland [ Bailii ]  John Kenway Ltd v Orcantic Ltd [1979] ScotCS CSOH - 6; 1980 SLT 46; 1979 SC 422 8 Jun 1979 SCS Scotland, Contract [ Bailii ]  Boyne v Her Majesty's Advocate [1979] ScotHC HCJAC - 2 13 Jul 1979 HCJ Scotland, Crime [ Bailii ]  Allan v Patterson [1979] ScotHC HCJ - 1 24 Oct 1979 HCJ Scotland, Crime [ Bailii ]   London and Clydeside Estates v Aberdeen District Council; HL 8-Nov-1979 - [1980] SC (HL) 1; [1980] 1 WLR 182; [1979] UKHL 7  Trade Development Bank v Warriner and Mason (Scotland) Ltd [1979] ScotCS CSIH - 3 21 Dec 1979 SCS Scotland [ Bailii ]  |
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