The Appellant had been given leave under section 3(1)(b) of the 1971 Act to enter and remain in the United Kingdom for 12 months. Before it expired, he applied for his leave to be varied by way of extension under section 3(3)(a) of the Act. The respondent refused the application; in consequence, the Appellant appealed … Continue reading Suthendran v Immigration Appeal Tribunal: HL 1977
The appellants challenged the mandatory sentence of life imprisonment imposed on them on their convictions for murder. They said it was an infringement of their Human Rights, being arbitrary and disproportionate. Held: The case followed on where the Anderson case left off. In these cases the judge had noted that he did not think the … Continue reading Regina v Lichniak: HL 25 Nov 2002
EAT Unfair Dismissal : Compensation – Claimant of Indian nationality given leave to enter the UK on basis of work permit authorising employment by Respondent for five years – Claimant unfairly dismissed during fifth year – Tribunal caps compensation as at date of expiry of the five-year period on basis that it would have been … Continue reading Ram v JD Wetherspoon Plc: EAT 25 Aug 2011
The claimant, a 32 year old Pakistani national, had been refused leave to remain as a Tier 2 (General) Migrant worker. He had worked as a physiotherapy assistant, and said that this should have entitled him to 50 points under the assessment system. Though his occupation did not qualify him of itself, he said that … Continue reading Alvi, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: Admn 25 Oct 2010
The claimant was a Zimbabwean National who was to be removed from the country. He was unlawfully held in detention pending removal. He sought damages for false imprisonment. He had been held over a long period pending decisions in the courts on the legality of returning failed asylum applicants to Zimbabwe. Held: Despite allegations of … Continue reading SK, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department: Admn 25 Jan 2008
False Imprisonment Damages / Immigration Detention The respondent had held the claimant in custody, but had failed to follow its own procedures. The claimant appealed against the rejection of his claim of false imprisonment. He had overstayed his immigration leave, and after convictions had served a prison sentence. When about to be released, an order … Continue reading Kambadzi (previously referred to as SK (Zimbabwe)) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 25 May 2011
The applicant was an adult autistic, unable to consent to medical treatment. Treatment was provided at a day centre. He had been detained informally under the Act and against the wishes of his carers, but the Court of Appeal decided he should have been formally detained. Held: The appeal succeeded. His detention had not been … Continue reading In Re L (By His Next Friend GE); Regina v Bournewood Community and Mental Health NHS Trust, Ex Parte L: HL 25 Jun 1998
ECJ The free movement of workers enshrined in Article 48 of the Treaty entails the right for nationals of Member States to move freely within the territory of the other Member States and to stay there for the purposes of seeking employment. The period of time for which the person seeking employment may stay may … Continue reading Regina v Immigration Appeal Tribunal, ex parte Antonissen: ECJ 26 Feb 1991
An immigrant cannot be detained once he applies for political asylum. Citations: Times 25-Jan-1995 Statutes: Immigration Act 1971 Jurisdiction: England and Wales Immigration Updated: 25 May 2022; Ref: scu.87762
The Secretary of State had detained two persons who were awaiting removal with the object that they should testify in a pending criminal trial. Lord Parker J rejected the suggestion that the detention could be justified as reasonable in these circumstances, stating: ‘it does seem to me that while a reasonable time is contemplated between … Continue reading Regina v Governor of Richmond Remand Centre, Ex Parte Asghar: QBD 1971
Meaning of ’caused serious harm’ (A) section 117D(2)(b)(ii): ’caused serious harm’ The current case law on ’caused serious harm’ for the purposes of the expression ‘foreign criminal’ in Part 5A of the 2002 Act can be summarised as follows: (1) Whether P’s offence is ‘an offence that has caused serious harm’ within section 117D(2)(c)(ii) is … Continue reading Wilson (NIAA Part 5A; Deportation Decisions): UTIAC 25 Nov 2020
Extension oh Human Rights Beyond Borders The appellants complained that the system set up by the respondent where Home Office officers were placed in Prague airport to pre-vet applicants for asylum from Romania were dsicriminatory in that substantially more gypsies were refused entry than others, and that it was contrary to the obligations of the … Continue reading Regina v Immigration Officer at Prague Airport and another, ex parte European Roma Rights Centre and others: HL 9 Dec 2004
The plaintiff complained that she had been wrongfully arrested by a soldier, since he had not given a proper reason for her detention. Held: The House accepted the existence of an implied power in a statute which would be necessary to ensure the safe and effective exercise of an express power. An unconscious or drugged … Continue reading Murray v Ministry of Defence: HL 25 May 1988
Arrested Person must be told basis of the Arrest Police officers appealed against a finding of false imprisonment. The plaintiff had been arrested under the 1921 Act, but this provided no power of arrest (which the appellant knew). The officers might lawfully have arrested the plaintiff for the felony of stealing a bale of cloth, … Continue reading Christie v Leachinsky: HL 25 Mar 1947
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A conviction for aiding entry of illegal immigrant will almost invariably lead to immediate imprisonment. Repeated offences, financial gain, involving relatives, and highly organised conspiracy were all aggravating factors. Citations: Times 15-Oct-1998 Statutes: Immigration Act 1971 25(1)(a) Jurisdiction: England and Wales Criminal Sentencing Updated: 25 October 2022; Ref: scu.88219
An applicant for asylum was not an illegal immigrant, despite his use of a false passport. Citations: Gazette 24-Jun-1992 Statutes: Immigration Act 1971 25(1) Jurisdiction: England and Wales Crime, Immigration Updated: 25 October 2022; Ref: scu.87410
The offence of being knowingly concerned in making arrangements for illegal entry of aliens into the United Kingdom was committed if the constituents of the offence were shown. That did not necessitate the actual bringing of someone into the UK. Here the defendant had driven a van onto a ferry bound for Dover when illegal … Continue reading Regina v Eyck; R v Hadakoglu: CACD 8 Feb 2000
The offence of being knowingly concerned in making arrangements for illegal entry of aliens into the United Kingdom was committed if the constituents of the offence were shown. That did not necessitate the actual bringing of someone into the UK. Here the defendant had driven a van onto a ferry bound for Dover when illegal … Continue reading R v Eyck; R v Hadakoglu: CACD 3 Feb 2000
The claimant appealed against a refusal of an order that the intended prosecution of them by the respondent should be stayed as an abuse of process. Judges: Laws LJ, Stadlen J Citations: [2011] EWHC 1094 (Admin) Links: Bailii Statutes: Immigration Act 1971 25 Jurisdiction: England and Wales Immigration, Crime Updated: 30 July 2022; Ref: scu.440227
Appeal against conviction for assisting unlawful immigration. Judges: Raffety LJ, Foskett J, Carey HHJ Citations: [2015] EWCA Crim 43 Links: Bailii Statutes: Immigration Act 1971 25 Jurisdiction: England and Wales Crime Updated: 29 May 2022; Ref: scu.542249
The appellant said that his conviction for assisting breaches of immigration law in his work as an immigration adviser by creating false documentation to support clients’ applications for extensions of leave to stay was not itself an allegation of facilitating breaches of ‘immigration law’, but rather of more general criminal offences. Held: The appeal was … Continue reading Dhall v Regina: CACD 27 Sep 2013
The deceased had come to live in the UK and obtain citizenship under somebody else’s identity. After his death his wife and children sought clearance to come to live here. Held: Her appeal failed. The residence of her late husband was unlawful, there never was a grant of citizenship to him, and therefore did not … Continue reading Bibi and others v Entry Clearance Officer, Dhaka: CA 18 Jul 2007
The claimant had been detained at 11.25pm. His detention was not reviewed by an inspector until 7.45am the next morning, although it had been considered in the interim at 1.45am by an officer of junior rank. The plaintiff sued for unlawful imprisonment for the period of 2 hours and 20 minutes from 5.25am (when the … Continue reading Roberts v Chief Constable of Cheshire Constabulary: CA 26 Jan 1999
Judges: Swift J Citations: [2020] EWHC 998 (Admin), [2020] WLR(D) 253 Links: Bailii, WLRD Statutes: Immigration Act 1971 3(2), Welfare Reform Act 2012 3(1) 4(1)(c) Jurisdiction: England and Wales Benefits, Immigration Updated: 25 November 2022; Ref: scu.650728
A decision at Senior Executive Officer level was accepted as appropriate in a deportation case. There was an express form of delegation, and acts of the immigration officers required to be regarded as the acts of the Home Secretary. Lord Griffiths said: ‘it would not be right to authorise an inspector to take a decision … Continue reading Regina v Secretary of State for the Home Department ex parte Oladehinde: HL 18 Oct 1990
UTIAC (1) It is clear that income from illegal employment in the host Member State on the part of a parent of a ‘Chen’ child (Case c-200/02 Chen [2004] ECR I-9925) cannot create self-sufficiency for that child (W (China) and X (China) [2006] EWCA Civ 1494).(2) The proposition in MA and Others (EU national: self-sufficiency; … Continue reading Seye (Chen Children; Employment) France: UTIAC 28 Mar 2013
The applicant had had his application for asylum rejected. Pending deportation, he had been held in custody. The court had found his detention unlawful. Held: The Home Secretary’s appeal succeeded. The power to detain in such circumstances had to be for the purpose for which the power had been created, and the detention must not … Continue reading A, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department: CA 30 Jul 2007
The appellant was vietnamese by birth, but had later been granted British Citizenship. The Secretary of State came to seek to deprive him of that citizenship on conducive grounds for reasons of national security, and his deportation to Vietnam. The appellant appealed saying that the notice would leave him stateless. Held: If the result of … Continue reading B2 v Secretary of State for The Home Department (Deportation – Preliminary Issue – Allowed): SIAC 26 Jul 2012
In each case the applicant had sought to extend their leave to remain within the necessary time scale, but their applications had been defective. In one case the required biometric information had not been supplied, and in the other two the fees had not been paid. Held: The appeals failed. The Regulations were explicit. If … Continue reading Mirza and Others, Regina (on The Applications of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 14 Dec 2016
Chahal was a Sikh separatist leader who was refused asylum and whom the Secretary of State proposed to deport to India as a threat to national security here. Held: The Home Secretary must balance the need to deport against against any threat to the deportee’s safety, but his decision was only to be challenged if … Continue reading Regina v Secretary of State for the Home Department ex parte Chahal: CA 27 Oct 1993
An asylum-seeker held at a detention centre was not given a medical examination within 24 hours of her arrival at the centre as required by Rule 34 of the Detention Centre Rules 2001. It was further claimed that transfers to Oakington Detention centre on making claim for asylum was unlawful. Held: ‘The power to detain … Continue reading D, Regina (on the Application Of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department and others: Admn 22 May 2006
A Judge must state the reasons for recommending deportation or the order will be invalid. The defendant had been convicted of criminal damage being reckless as to whether wlife was endangered. In the absence of such reasons the defendant would be put in a position of being unable effectively to exercise his right of appeal. … Continue reading Regina v Belaifa (Idis Ali): CACD 3 Apr 1996
In each case, the respondent had refused an application for leave to remain, but had taken no prompt steps for their removal. The applicants now said that this rendered the original decision ‘not in accordance with the law’ under section 84(1)(e) of the 2002 Act. Judges: Arden, Jackson, Aikens LJJ Citations: [2011] EWCA Civ 1320, … Continue reading Sapkota and Another (Pakistan) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: CA 15 Nov 2011
Miss Singh challenged her school’s policy which operated to prevent her wearing while at school a steel bangle, a Kara. She said this was part of her religion as a Sikh. Held: Earlier comparable applications had been made under human rights law, but this was under the 1976 Act. The evidence established that the Sikh … Continue reading Watkins-Singh, Regina (on the Application of) v The Governing Body of Aberdare Girls’ High School and Another: Admn 29 Jul 2008
The court considered the compatibility with EU law of regulations 21 and 24 of the 2006 Regulations, and the legality at common law of the appellant’s administrative detention from 3 April until 6 June 2012 and of bail restrictions thereafter until 2 January 2013. The regulations were designed to give effect to the Citizens Directive … Continue reading Nouazli, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 20 Apr 2016
UTIAC The phrase ‘liable to deportation’ in s 3(5) of the Immigration Act 1971 includes, in the case of a person within s 3(5)(a), the notion of the Secretary of State’s deeming deportation to be conducive to the public good. The provision of s 32(4) of the UK Borders Act 2007, that a person subject … Continue reading Ali (S.76 – ‘Liable To Deportation’) Pakistan: UTIAC 24 May 2011
The issue on this appeal is the effect of section 55 on the legality of the appellant’s detention under paragraph 16 over a period of 13 days. At the time of the detention the Secretary of State acted in the mistaken but reasonable belief that he was aged over 18. It is now an agreed … Continue reading AA, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 10 Jul 2013
The claimant had been detained by the US in Guantanamo Bay suspected of terrorist involvement. He sought to support his defence documents from the respondent which showed that the evidence to be relied on in the US courts had been obtained by torture, and in particular by the hiding of his detention for many months … Continue reading Mohamed, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (No 1): Admn 21 Aug 2008
Citations: [2011] EWCA Civ 275 Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales Cited by: Appeal from – Lumba (WL) v Secretary of State for The Home Department SC 23-Mar-2011 The claimants had been detained under the 1971 Act, after completing sentences of imprisonment pending their return to their home countries under deportations recommended by the judges … Continue reading KM (Zimbabwe) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: CA 17 Mar 2011
The defendant appealed against his conviction for murder, saying that he should have been allowed to rely on a plea of diminished responsibility given the changes to section 2 of the 1957 Act introduced in 2009. He said that his alcoholism should have been treated as explaining his loss of self control and amounting to … Continue reading Dowds v Regina: CACzD 22 Feb 2012
A rule which deemed service on an asylum applicant two days after postage of a special adjudicator’s determination irrespective of whether it was in fact received was outside the powers given to the Secretary, and is of no effect. The Act gave power to make rules, but the receipt of the determination was fundamental to … Continue reading Saleem v Secretary of State for Home Department: CA 13 Jun 2000
The claimants sought damages in false imprisonment, saying that their detention in an immigration centre had been unlawful because their removal was not ‘imminent’. Judges: McCombe J Citations: [2010] EWHC 1940 (QB) Links: Bailii Statutes: Immigration Act 1971 Jurisdiction: England and Wales Torts – Other, Immigration Updated: 22 August 2022; Ref: scu.421258
Foskett J interpreted Pankina: ‘The Court of Appeal held that the revised criterion could not be put in place by virtue of a process of issuing guidance. The ratio of the decision appears to me to be that a provision that reflects a substantive criterion for eligibility for admission or leave to remain must be … Continue reading English UK Ltd, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: Admn 9 Jul 2010
The claimant faced removal and return to Palestine, but he said that he would not be accepted if returned. He had no ID card, birth certificate or living parents. He appealed against the decision of the IAT and now again from the Court of Appeal which said that there was no immigration decision within section … Continue reading MS (Palestinian Territories) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 16 Jun 2010
The appellant, an Iraqi national had arrived in 2000 as a child, and stayed unlawfully after failure of his asylum claim. He was convicted twice of drugs offences. On release he was considered a low risk of re-offending. He had been in a serious relationship with an English woman since 2005. However the Home Secretary … Continue reading Hesham Ali (Iraq) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 16 Nov 2016
The claimant journalist sought disclosure of papers acquired by the respondent in its conduct of enquiries into the charitable Mariam appeal. The Commission referred to an absolute exemption under section 32(2) of the 2000 Act, saying that the exemption continued until the papers were destroyed, or for 20 years under the 1958 Act. Held: The … Continue reading Kennedy v The Charity Commission: SC 26 Mar 2014
Three applicants had lied on entry to secure admission, stayed for a considerable time, and had been treated as illegal immigrants under section 33(1). The fourth’s claim that upon being returned he would been killed, had been rejected without investigation. Held: A claim to refugee status was not an exception to the ban on appeals … Continue reading Regina v Secretary of State for the Home Department ex parte Bugdaycay: HL 19 Feb 1986
The Home Secretary had served notice that the applicant was an illegal immigrant, and liable to deportation. An order had been made for the cross examination of the applicant. He had come to England to study, but soon dropped his immediate plans. He left and re-entered claiming an intention to start an alternative course. He … Continue reading Regina (Yaser Mahmood) v Secretary of State for Home Department: Admn 9 Aug 2001
The claimants, foreign nationals, had been detained pending deportation after completion of sentences of imprisonment. They challenged the policy that such deportees should be held by default pending deportation. Held: David J granted declarations that (i) paragraph 2 of Schedule 3 to the 1971 Act prohibits the Secretary of State from operating any policy in … Continue reading Abdi and others v Secretary of State for the Home Department: Admn 19 Dec 2008
When applying for entry under a sponsorship arrangement, the three applicable rules disallowed third party support.Laws LJ said: ‘The immigrant’s article 8 rights will (must be) protected by the Secretary of State and the court whether or not that is done through the medium of the immigration rules. It follows that the rules are not … Continue reading AM (Ethiopia) and others v Entry Clearance Officer: CA 16 Oct 2008
The failed asylum claimant challenged as unlawful his continued detention pending return to Congo. Judges: Collins J Citations: [2008] EWHC 2090 (Admin) Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: England and Wales Citing: Cited – Regina v Governor of Durham Prison, ex parte Hardial Singh QBD 13-Dec-1983 Unlawful Detention pending DeportationAn offender had been recommended for deportation following conviction. … Continue reading Lumba, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department: Admn 4 Jul 2008
Carnwath LJ said of the ‘near-miss’ argument: ‘This argument is, in my view, based on a misconception. The Secretary of State is of course entitled to have a policy. The promulgation of the policy normally creates a legitimate expectation that it will be applied to those falling within its scope unless there is good reason … Continue reading Rudi, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department: CA 14 Dec 2007
The release date for a prisoner was calculated correctly according to guidance issued by the Home Office, but case law required the guidance to be altered, and the prisoner had been detained too long. The tort of false imprisonment is one of strict liability, and the governor was liable in damages even though he had … Continue reading Regina v Governor of Her Majesty’s Prison Brockhill ex parte Evans (No 2): HL 27 Jul 2000
Challenge to imprisonment pending deportation of successful asylum applicant on release from prison after conviction of an offence specified under the 2004 Order as a particularly serious crime. Held: The appeal succeeded. ‘The giving of notice of the decision to make a deportation order, the making of the deportation order, and the detention on foot … Continue reading DN (Rwanda), Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 26 Feb 2020
The claimants had been detained under the 1971 Act, after completing sentences of imprisonment pending their return to their home countries under deportations recommended by the judges at trial, or chosen by the respondent. They challenged as unlawful the respondent’s, at first unpublished, policy introduced in 2006, that by default, those awaiting deportation should be … Continue reading Lumba (WL) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 23 Mar 2011
The Home Secretary appealed from a finding that illegally entered asylum seekers had been unlawfully detained pending removal. The five claimants had travelled through other EU member states before entering the UK. The court considered inter alia whether damages for false imprisonment were allowable under Factortame. Held: The appeals failed. Chapter 55 of the EIG … Continue reading Hemmati and Others, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 27 Nov 2019
The Home Secretary authorised certain officials in the immigration department of the Home Office to act on his behalf to decide whether to issue a notice of intention to deport persons under the Immigration Act 1971. Held: The court granted orders of certiorari to quash each of the decisions to deport the claimants on the … Continue reading Regina v Secretary of State for the Home Department ex parte Oladehinde: Admn 1990
A Bangladeshi woman entered into an arranged polygamous marriage in Bangladesh and many years later dishonestly (led by her husband) obtained entry clearance as a visitor before then unsuccessfully seeking leave to remain as being financially dependent upon a daughter settled here. She was anxious to continue enjoying access rights to her younger son here. … Continue reading SB (Bangladesh) v Secretary of State for the Home Department: CA 31 Jan 2007
Families had challenged the removal of their children into the care of foster parents by the respondents. The family father, who was blind, had taken to driving. The respondents appealed findings that they had acted unlawfully and in breach of the human rights of the families. There had been an Emergency protection Order, but the … Continue reading Langley and others v Liverpool City Council and others: CA 11 Oct 2005
The applicant who had entered England hidden in a lorry, claimed asylum, and had his claim rejected. It was said that as an Iraqi Kurd, he would be safe in the Kurdish area of Iraq. No safe means had been found of ensuring his return over some four years, and there was no immediate prospect … Continue reading Khadir, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department: HL 16 Jun 2005
The appellant sought asylum. He had fled Sri Lanka. He was a Tamil and feared torture if he returned. His application had been rejected because the consequences flowed from his suspected involvement in terrorism, and that was not a Convention reason. Held: Cases involving claims for refugee status under the Convention are particularly fact-sensitive. The … Continue reading Regina v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Sivakumar: HL 20 Mar 2003
The respondent resisted a claim of unfair dismissal and race discrimination on the basis that the employment contract was illegal since the claimant was an immigrant and unable to work without a work permit. Held: The Court of Appeal upheld a defence of illegality to a teacher’s complaint against a school of unlawful discrimination by … Continue reading V v Addey and Stanhope School: CA 30 Jul 2004
The Secretary of State’s published policy was that, if legal proceedings were initiated, removal would not be treated as imminent even if it otherwise was. The Secretary of State also had an unpublished policy, namely that information that proceedings were about to be initiated would be disregarded, however credible that information might be. Held: The … Continue reading Nadarajah and Amirhanathan v Secretary of State for the Home Department: CA 8 Dec 2003
The appellant, a Turkish citizen entered illegally and claimed asylum. He falsely said he had not sought asylum in another EC country. He had lived in Germany for eight years, and had twice unsuccessfully claimed asylum. Shortly after arrangements were made for his removal to Germany, he married a woman whom he had known in … Continue reading Ekinci, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department: CA 17 Jun 2003
The appellant had been detained in a mental hospital after a conviction. Later released, he was recalled, but he was not given written reasons as required by a DoH circular. However the SS referred the recall immediately to the Tribunal. He appealed from refusal of a finding that his subsequent detention had been unlawful. Held: … Continue reading Lee-Hirons v Secretary of State for Justice: SC 27 Jul 2016
Claim for damages for false imprisonment brought in judicial review proceedings challenging the legality of a curfew imposed upon the claimant, purportedly under paragraph 2(5) of Schedule 3 to the Immigration Act 1971. Held: The Court of Appeal in Austin and in Walker were right to say that there could be imprisonment at common law … Continue reading Jalloh, Regina (on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department: SC 12 Feb 2020
An unconscious or drugged person may be detained. For the tort of false imprisonment there must be shown a complete restriction in fact on the plaintiff’s freedom to move: ‘any restraint within defined bounds which is a restraint in fact may be an imprisonment.’ The court distinguished between restraint upon the plaintiff’s liberty which is … Continue reading Meering v Grahame-White Aviation Co Ltd: CA 1919
For the tort of false imprisonment to be committed, the deprivation of liberty must be actual, rather than potential: ‘Nothing short of actual detention and complete loss of freedom would support an action for false imprisonment.’ Judges: Lord Macnaghten Citations: (1903) 19 TLR 496, (1903) 30 Ind App 154 Jurisdiction: England and Wales Citing: Approved … Continue reading Syed Mahamad Yusuf-ud-Din v Secretary of State for India: 1903
(Admissibility) Whether a detention amounts to a deprivation of liberty depends upon all the facts and circumstances of the particular case Citations: [2002] ECHR 850, 45508/99, [2004] 40 EHRR 761 Links: Bailii Jurisdiction: Human Rights Citing: At HL – In Re L (By His Next Friend GE); Regina v Bournewood Community and Mental Health NHS … Continue reading HL v United Kingdom: ECHR 10 Sep 2002
Misuse of Power for ulterior object D1 and D2 lent C 80 pounds repayable in 1837, secured by a mortgage on C’s vessel. C was to be free to continue to use the vessel in the interim but the law forbade its use if he were to cease to hold its register. In 1836 the … Continue reading Grainger v Hill: CEC 1838
The claimants appealed dismissal of their claims for false imprisonment and unlawful detention by the respondent in his policing of a demonstration. They had been held within a police cordon in the streets for several hours to prevent the spread of violence. One claimant had been simply there on business. Held: The appeal failed. In … Continue reading Austin and Another v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis: CA 15 Oct 2007
The Secretary appealed against a decision that the detention of certain asylum applicants was unlawful. The detention was for a limited period, but he had put forward no reason for the detentions of the individuals. Held: The Act authorised detention up to the point where a decision was made. The Act empowered detention not for … Continue reading Secretary of State for the Home Department v Saadi, Maged, Osman, Mohammed: CA 19 Oct 2001
Two foreign nationals with leave to remain in this country committed serious crimes. The Secretary of State ordered their deportation. Held: Where the deportation of a foreigner following a conviction here, would conflict with his human rights, the court had to assess whether the, first, the objective could be achieved by some alternative, less interfering, … Continue reading Samaroo and Sezek v Secretary of State for the Home Department: CA 17 Jul 2001
This was an appeal from orders of certiorari quashing the decisions of three local authorities refusing to provide accommodation for the respondents, four asylum seekers, whose applications for asylum were presently being considered by the Secretary of State. Held: Appeal dismissed. Asylum seekers are not entitled merely because they lack money and accommodation to claim … Continue reading Regina v Westminster City Council ex parte A, London Borough of Lambeth ex parte X and similar: CA 17 Feb 1997
Citations: [1997] EWHC Admin 326 Links: Bailii Statutes: Immigration Act 1971 Immigration Updated: 25 May 2022; Ref: scu.137271
Bail conditions only after detention B had been held under immigration detention, but released by SIAC, purportedly in conditional bail, after they found there was no realistic prospect of his deportation because he had not disclosed his true identity. The court was asked ‘whether there exists a power under the 1971 Act to grant immigration … Continue reading B (Algeria) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 8 Feb 2018
The Home Secretary may evaluate fresh material himself under the section, without always referring the case back to the adjudicator. Citations: Times 03-Jan-1996 Statutes: Immigration Act 1971 21 Jurisdiction: England and Wales Citing: Adopted – Regina v Home Secretary, Ex parte Bellow 25-May-1995 . . Adopted – Regina v Home Secretary, Ex parte Khaldoon 8-Nov-1995 … Continue reading Regina v Secretary of State for the Home Department Ex Parte Owalabi: QBD 3 Jan 1996
Administrative Discretion to be Used Reasonably The applicant challenged the manner of decision making as to the conditions which had been attached to its licence to open the cinema on Sundays. It had not been allowed to admit children under 15 years of age. The statute provided no appeal procedure, and the applicant sought a … Continue reading Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corporation: CA 10 Nov 1947
An application to extradite a former head of state for an offence which was not at the time an offence under English law would fail, but could proceed in respect of allegations of acts after that time. No immunity was intended for heads of state. International law prohibiting torture has the character of jus cogens … Continue reading Regina v Bartle and Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis and Others, ex parte Pinochet Ugarte; Regina v Evans and Similar (No 3): HL 24 Mar 1999
The claimant was detained in a secure Mental Hospital. He complained at the seclusions policy applied by the hospital, saying that it departed from the Guidance issued for such policies by the Secretary of State under the Act. Held: The House allowed the Hospital’s appeal. The policy was lawful. Seclusion was to be seen as … Continue reading Regina v Ashworth Hospital Authority (Now Mersey Care National Health Service Trust) ex parte Munjaz: HL 13 Oct 2005
A diesel tank was in a yard which drained into a river. It was surrounded by a bund to contain spillage, but that protection was over ridden by an extension pipe from the tank to a drum outside the bund. Someone opened a tap on that pipe so that diesel flowed into the drum until … Continue reading Empress Car Company (Abertillery) Ltd v National Rivers Authority: HL 22 Jan 1998
The prisoner challenged the decision to place him in segregation under Prison Rule 43. Under rule 43(1) the initial power to segregate was given to ‘the governor’. The case arose from the fact that the governor of one prison had purported to authorise the segregation of a prisoner on his arrival at another prison to … Continue reading Regina v Deputy Governor of Parkhurst Prison, Ex parte Hague, Weldon v Home Office: HL 24 Jul 1991
Section 32 of the UK Borders Act 2007 impliedly amends section 3(5)(a) of the Immigration Act 1971 by (a) removing the function of the Secretary of State of deeming a person’s deportation to be conducive to the public good, in the case of a foreign criminal within the meaning of the 2007 Act; and (b) … Continue reading Yussuf (Meaning of ‘Liable To Deportation’) Somalia: UTIAC 9 Mar 2018
(Northern Ireland) The claimant challenged the rules restricting payment of benefits to nationals from the 8 latest European Accession states to those with an unbroken 12 month working record. The applicant came from Poland and worked at two authorised employments but failed to find a third. She had left her partner because of his violence. … Continue reading Zalewska v Department for Social Development: HL 12 Nov 2008
Presumption of Damage in Defamation is rebuttable The defendant complained that the presumption in English law that the victim of a libel had suffered damage was incompatible with his right to a fair trial. They said the statements complained of were repetitions of statements made by US authorities. The claimant had asserted that no more … Continue reading Dow Jones and Co Inc v Jameel: CA 3 Feb 2005
The applicants had each entered the UK with a view to seeking asylum, but having failed to seek asylum immediately, they had been refused any assistance, were not allowed to work and so had been left destitute. Each had claimed asylum on the day following their arrival. Held: The appeal by the Secretary of State … Continue reading Adam, Regina (on the Application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department; Limbuela v Same; Tesema v Same: HL 3 Nov 2005
Reference to Parliamentary Papers behind Statute The inspector sought to tax the benefits in kind received by teachers at a private school in having their children educated at the school for free. Having agreed this was a taxable emolument, it was argued as to whether the taxable benefit was the cost to the employer, or … Continue reading Pepper (Inspector of Taxes) v Hart: HL 26 Nov 1992
The applicant sought assistance from the local authority. He suffered from spinal myeloma, was destitute and an asylum seeker. Held: Although the Act had withdrawn the obligation to provide assistance for many asylum seekers, those who were infirm and whose infirmity was not a consequence of their destitution, had not been excluded. Only able bodied … Continue reading Westminster City Council v National Asylum Support Service: HL 17 Oct 2002
The respondent had arrived and claimed asylum. Three claims were rejected, two of which were fraudulent. She had two children by a UK citizen, and if deported the result would be (the father being unsuitable) that the children would have to return with her. Held: The mother’s appeal succeeded. The court had to consider the … Continue reading ZH (Tanzania) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 1 Feb 2011
The claimant, a charity assisting immigrants and asylum seekers, challenged a policy document regulating the access to the court of failed applicants facing removal. They said that the new policy, reducing the opportunity to appeal to 72 hours or less, made ineffective any right for judicial review. Held: The request was granted, and the 2010 … Continue reading Medical Justice, Regina (on The Application of) v Secretary of State for The Home Department: Admn 26 Jul 2010
For the purposes of applying to para 399A of the Rules and s. 117C of the 2002 Act a definition of ‘lawfully resident’ analogous to that in para 276A (as mandated by SC (Jamaica)), the invalidation provisions of s. 5(1) of the 1971 Act are to be ignored. Citations: [2018] UKUT 199 (IAC) Links: Bailii … Continue reading Tirabi (Deportation: ‘Lawfully Resident’: S5): UTIAC 9 May 2018
The asylum applicant challenged a certificate given by the respondent that the claim for asylum was manifestly ill-founded. The respondent had made a mistake in applying the appropriate policy, but had sought to correct the error. The claimants asserted that a legitimate expectation had been created. Held: The abiding principle which underpins the legitimate expectation … Continue reading Regina (Nadarajah) v Secretary of State for the Home Department; Abdi v Secretary of State for the Home Department: CA 22 Nov 2005
The Court considered the guidance given to UK Border Agency case workers when considering document submitted by persons applying for leave to enter or stay in the UK as foreign students. M had applied to study here, but had not accompanied his application with evidence of his financial means. He said that the application should … Continue reading Mandalia v Secretary of State for The Home Department: SC 14 Oct 2015
Power to call in is administrative in nature The powers of the Secretary of State to call in a planning application for his decision, and certain other planning powers, were essentially an administrative power, and not a judicial one, and therefore it was not a breach of the applicants’ rights to a fair hearing before … Continue reading Regina (Holding and Barnes plc) v Secretary of State for Environment Transport and the Regions; Regina (Alconbury Developments Ltd and Others) v Same and Others: HL 9 May 2001
The defendants appealed against convictions for documentation offences after having pleaded guilty. They were said to have used the ID of a deceased Euroean resident to obtain entry. It was acknowledged by the prosecutor that the wrong subsection had been used to base the charge. Held: The appeals succeeded in part. Some flaws were fundamental, … Continue reading Boateng v R: CACD 16 Mar 2016
The defendant resisted extradition to Brussels saying that the offence had been committed in part in England. He had absconded and been convicted. Application was made for his return to serve his sentence. The offences associated with organisation of illegal immigration, fell within the European framework list, but section 65(2)(a) was not satisfied. Held: ‘the … Continue reading Office of the King’s Prosecutor, Brussels v Cando Armas and others: HL 17 Nov 2005
Immigration — Limited leave to enter — Criminal proceedings — Information preferred more than three years after expiry of leave to remain — ‘Knowingly’ overstaying leave — Relevant date for ascertaining when time begins to run for bringing prosecution — Immigration Act 1971 (c. 77), ss. 24 (1) (b) (i) (3), 28 (1) [1982] UKHL … Continue reading Grant v Borg: HL 22 Apr 1982
Each of the four appellants is alleged to have steered a Rigid Hulled Inflatable Boat (‘RHIB’) from France towards the United Kingdom, which was carrying migrants. There is no connection between them apart from the fact that they were all dealt with at the Canterbury Crown Court charged with an offence under the same provision. … Continue reading Bani v The Crown: CACD 21 Dec 2021
The defendants said that the stop and search powers granted under the 2000 Act were too wide, and infringed their human rights. Each had been stopped when innocently attending demonstrations in London, and had been effectively detained for about twenty minutes or more before being allowed to continue. An authorisation had been granted by an … Continue reading Gillan, Regina (on the Application of) v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis and Another: HL 8 Mar 2006
